Journalistic Work Research Articles

Quand tout se mêle et s’emmêle : Rouletabille en Russie ou le reporter face au complot

In 1913, Gaston Leroux, a former journalist, published Rouletabille chez le tsar as a serial, the third of eight wise books. By highlighting the stereotypes and intersections characterizing the representations of conspiracy that inform it, the novel also invites us to consider two essential aspects for anyone interested in journalism: on the one hand, the intertextuality between Leroux’s work as a reporter and that of the novelist he became, and on the other, a central reflection on the relationship between reason and emotion in journalistic work.

Digital Advocacy Journalism’s Push for the Narrative Tipping Point of Singapore’s Capital Punishment

A narrative tipping point leading to the abolition of capital punishment will come from specific events and broader trends that move public opinion and the accompanying legal systems away from the justification for death penalties. Through Singapore’s independent digital journalist Kirsten Han’s reflection on her reportage and advocacy for the abolition of capital punishment in the republic, this paper seeks to highlight the role of digital advocacy in pushing for the narrative tipping point on the death penalty online. Against global trends of abolition, retentionist cultures on capital punishment remain resilient, particularly in countries that claim strong domestic support for authoritarian populist narratives of being “tough on crime.” Institutionally sustained and discursively binarized as “Asian values” against rights-based Western individualism and continuously reiterated by national leaders, Singapore’s policy on capital punishment is termed muscular retentionism. Contending with this dominance in cyberspace is Han’s affective emphasis on death row inmates facing imminent execution, particularly those condemned to death for drug trafficking. Using a partially autobiographical approach as the second author of this paper, she illustrates her experiences as a woman activist in Singapore, journeying with these inmates and documenting their experiences as part of the broader effort to move toward the narrative tipping point. Positioned against the largely impersonalized and instrumental justification of the traditional retentionist position established in the pre-Internet decades is Han’s rights-based emphasis on the sanctity of life. Receiving little attention in the republic’s mainstream media, cyberspace has oxygenated this perspective. Aside from facing legal and police scrutiny for her involvement in abolitionist campaigns, Han has also been subjected to misogynist ad-hominem attacks online from supporters of retention. Kirsten Han’s digital advocacy journalism poignantly sharpens the existing feminist critique in Singapore of the carceral regime with a more intersectional approach toward expanding the scope of the discussion to that of predominately male death row inmates. Her emphasis comes from the notion of difference feminism in considering the structural inequalities and power dynamics that render the more socially disadvantaged vulnerable to the regimes of punishment. Aside from being openly singled out and chastised by the state, it may remain difficult to determine the public impact of Han’s journalistic work. Nonetheless, through amplifying the otherwise invisible emotional states and voices of death row inmates and their families as individuals, she exposes the human cost in the regime of capital punishment and in the process inches Singapore toward the narrative tipping point.

Dostoevsky as a Сitizen: Idea, Concept, Conception

The concept of “citizen” in Russian has a long history. The dictionary of the Russian language of the 11th — 17th centuries notes the first use of the word in the 11th century: citizens were called townspeople, members of the city community. At the same time, the metaphorical meaning of the word was noted, when the righteous and saints were called “heavenly citizens.” In the 18th century, the word “citizen” acquired a wide range of meanings, including eminent and honorable citizens, merchants, bourgeois, artisans and other city dwellers. By the 1830s, a citizen was perceived as a patriot and defender of the fatherland. In the theological tradition, the concepts of “citizen” and “Christian” emerged as identical. These were the meanings of the word in Russian society. The title became the key to the direction and agenda of V. Meshchersky’s weekly “Grazhdanin” (“The Citizen”). Dostoevsky shared the mission of the publication. The idea of being a citizen was at the root of Dostoevsky’s work. It explained his ideological position during his testimony in the Petrashevites’ case, in his political poems of 1854–1856, in his journalistic works of 1860–1865, 1873–1874, in “The Writer’s Diary” of 1876–1881. The concept of a citizen is based on his recognition of the unity of creativity and journalism. Dostoevsky is characterized by a Christian, not class-based, understanding of citizenship, an understanding of the citizen as a Christian, which was expressed in the ideas of Russian statehood. Citizen Kuz’ma Minin and Prince Dmitry Pozharsky, who overcame the Time of Troubles, Empress Catherine the Great, who gave instructions, writers and poets Gavriil Derzhavin, Alexander Pushkin, Nikolay Gogol, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Nikolay Nekrasov expressed the conciliar ideal of the people — the state, political, patriotic, Christian ideas of Russia. The ideal and ideas are expressed in the concept of fellow citizens. This is a special type of community: not people, but citizens, not citizens, but fellow citizens. They were not only just townspeople (urban dwellers), but also peasants, merchants, nobles, priesthood — in a word, representatives of all of Russia’s social classes. Their ideas determined the content of “Grazhdanin” (“The Citizen”).

Gramsci’s dissidence beneath and beyond the First World War

One of the leading Marxist theorists of the 20th century and a founding member and leader of the Italian Communist Party, Antonio Gramsci began his intellectual and political journey essentially at the outbreak of WWI and left a massive body of journalistic work by the end of the war. Despite their scope and significance, his wartime writings remain understudied relative to the Prison Notebooks and other post-wartime writings, particularly in the English language literature. This article outlines some of the central themes that he explored in this period. It provides a synoptic depiction of Gramsci’s conceptual development over the course of the war. Gramsci’s dissident social theory represents a radically different intellectual reaction to the war than we see from prominent conservative and liberal social theorists. What emerges from the picture presented in this article is a conceptual snapshot whose organizing principle centers on a critical understanding of intransigence that Gramsci developed over the course of the war. The notion of intransigence, which for Gramsci went far beyond organizational and strategic struggles and expanded into cultural and philosophical endeavors, helps make sense of the major contours of his wartime activities. In carving out a space for critical engagement during the war, Gramsci developed a critique of liberalism and a commitment to socialism which were both marked by and linked through his critical understanding of intransigence.

A place for laughs in Hell. Martínez de León’s cartoons: republican humour in the Spanish Civil War

In this article, we analyse the cartoons of Andrés Martínez de León, published in El Sol during the Spanish Civil War. Despite the war’s brutality, humour emerged as a vital tool, serving both as propaganda and a connection to pre-war normalcy. Martínez de León’s cartoons exhibit sharp satire, offering profound insights into the conflict. Our primary goal is to resurrect the work of this influential Andalusian graphic journalist and explore the narrative and visual techniques he employed. Through content analysis, we uncover how humour became a daily means of resistance, providing solace and commentary amidst the chaos and fear of war.

Young Chileans Evaluate the News in order to decide how to Vote in 2022

Based on the call for the mandatory vote of young Chileans to approve or reject the draft of a new constitution for Chile in 2022, this research explored how they informed themselves about this political process and what was their assessment of the news to make their electoral decision. An ad-hoc quantitative survey was designed, applied online in 2023, to which 183 participants between 18 and 24 years old, mostly higher education students, responded. Young people consider it very important to vote in an informed manner, they are interested in current affairs, they value the professional work of journalists and they searched for news about the constitutional process. However, for more than half of them, the news did not respond to their interests. This finding is particularly relevant, since when asked what quality news is for them, they refer to information that responds to their needs. It is likely that the news industry does not sufficiently consider this young audience, which constitutes an opportunity to get to know their interests.

Educación, pensamiento complejo y ciudad: La categoría de comunidad en la crónica Medellín, bajo el milagro de la media luz (1983) de Juan José Hoyos Naranjo

In the following reflection article, whose connotation is educational; it is considered to address the analysis of the chronicle “Medellín, under the miracle of the half light” (1993) by the writer Juan José Hoyos Naranjo. The chronicle presents a narrative impregnated with orality and marked by complex discursive procedures. In that sense, said analysis will focus on education from the Morinian thought and the concept of community. Hoyos’ work intertwines enjoyment and nostalgia, offering a deep understanding of how communities have intervened in the transformations of Medellín. As a careful observer of his city, Hoyos uses everyday elements such as bars, objects and the urban environment to capture the essence of Medellín and outline the profile of the urban subject. His critical approach exposes both public and biographical aspects, especially his experience as a journalist in the 1980s, a period in which he faced, as a reporter, the power dynamics of drug trafficking and the drastic urban changes of the city. This chronicle not only documents these events, but also derives from his journalistic work, consolidating itself as a piece that merges his professional career with a critical and personal vision of the evolution of Medellín. Aspect that is expanded in the perspective of Complex thinking with a focus on the category of community.

Medellín: Narratives of trauma and exclusion in the works of Colombian journalists

Medellín: Narratives of trauma and exclusion in the works of Colombian journalists

Artificial Intelligence and mass media: negative aspects of content personalization algorithms

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and machine learning algorithms is increasingly influencing various aspects of social life, gradually finding its place not only in social media but also in journalism (Newman). They are actively being integrated into various fields of mass media, enabling the automation of several processes within media companies, thereby optimizing the work of journalists, editors, and media managers. This topic represents a pertinent issue in the modern information society (Túñez López et al.). AI and its machine learning capabilities have become integral parts of the processes of content creation, analysis, and distribution, bringing new opportunities along with significant challenges. For instance, personalization algorithms allow for the adaptation of information to the individual interests and preferences of each user, increasing their engagement and satisfaction with the content. Thus, social networks and many other internet platforms are personalized for each user based on their demographic profiles and personal data. This article provides an overview of current scientific data on the potential risks associated with the use of content personalization algorithms in mass media. The results and conclusions of the article will help to better understand the nature of these risks and the associated challenges for the field of mass communication.

The Media Culture of Telegram Media Channels: Coverage of the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict

This article focuses on the study of the media culture of Telegram journalism. This messenger has long ceased to be a platform for messaging between users. Journalists have subordinated the functionality of Telegram to their activities: here they unite the audience, transmit information in the format of a personal message and provide a fi eld for expression. Russian journalists have begun to actively use the messenger for their professional activities since 2022: editorial offi ces of large media outlets create channels, and traditional media outlets quote publications from their own Telegram channels and the channels of colleagues in their materials. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the media culture of Telegram media channels remains poorly studied, while the messenger is gaining popularity among online platforms for journalistic activities, posing strong competition to traditional media sites. In the process of research, the author used sampling, comparison and comparison methods and also turned to scientifi c theoretical materials on Internet journalism, journalism in social media and, in particular, the journalistic activities of Telegram. The purpose of the research is to study the media culture of modern Telegram journalism. The objective of the study is to use the example of practical material, namely, based on posts from the Telegram channels RIA Novosti, Readovka and Mash during the beginning of the Palestinian-Israeli confl ict, to study the tools of work of journalists in the messenger and determine their features in comparison with work on the websites of publications. The study revealed the features of the media culture of Telegram media channels: journalists more willingly and quickly transmit information in the messenger, in comparison with the publication’s website, actively integrate different formats for transmitting content, tools for infl uencing the attention of the audience, including at the stylistic level. The conducted research introduces the media culture of Telegram journalism and demonstrates the need for further and detailed study of the concept of Telegram journalism, the prospects for the development of modern Internet journalism, in particular in social media. Keywords: Telegram-journalism, media culture, messenger, online media, RIA Novosti, Mash, Readovka

When the public does not trust science: What can journalists do about it?

While overall levels of trust and interest in science are high, a significant proportion of audiences are distrustful of or disinterested in science. This is not an esoteric concern. Science literacy is important for the meaningful participation of the public in discussions about the impact of science on society at a time when many key global problems have some basis in science. There are also private benefits for individuals, like preventing them from being misled by misinformation and disinformation. What can science journalists do to address these issues? Using a global media ethics lens, this study deployed a mixed methods approach including surveys and semi-structured interviews, to evaluate how science journalists can produce stories that better engage audiences with science, thereby potentially increasing science literacy. By revealing the cultural barriers holding science back, inherent tensions between journalistic working practices and conveying the true nature of science but also how these might be overcome, the project outlined what strong science journalism could look like in Australia in 2024.

Legal evaluation of the deportation of Azerbaijanis from the Armenian SSR in 1988-1991 from the perspective of the Declaration on Independence of Armenia and the constitution of Armenia: interpretation of the constitutional acts of the Republic of Armenia

The subject of the article is the return of Azerbaijanis to their native territories, a topic that has gained enough attention recently in the legal community and in both Azerbaijani and Armenian society, particularly after the 2020 clashes between the two states. The article's study direction, in contrast to many other scientific and journalistic works already in existence, addresses this return to the national level rather than the international ground. As a result, the constitutional acts of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Republic of Armenia are interpreted. To support this interpretation, the relevant legislation from the USSR at that time, as well as the Azerbaijan SSR's analogical citizenship acts are also evaluated. The article's goal is to assess the 1988–1991 deportation from the perspective of Armenian legislation. It was determined that the 1988–1991 deportation described in the article violated Armenia's constitutional acts in addition to other theoretical aspects and public legal relations. Keywords: citizenship, deportation, constitutional law, declaration of state independence, fall of the USSR, Azerbaijan-Armenia relations, Karabakh conflict.

Cultural Shock for Journalists Transitioning from Print to Online Media

The emergence of a new culture also occurs in the era of digital disruption. Digital media makes journalism undergo a transformation. In this context, technology can affect journalism in four ways, namely: a) the way journalists work in finding information; b) the nature of the news content; c) the organizational structure of the media in the newsroom; and d) the nature of the relationship between the media, reporters and a number of publics such as audiences, competitors, news sources, sponsors, and regulations that can control the press. In addition to the competence of journalists, organizational culture has also changed in line with efforts to adapt to digitalization. Cultural changes can be experienced by journalists who move from print media to online media. The journalists must adapt to the atmosphere, way and new work culture. This study used a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques using observation and face-to-face interviews with informants. The research subjects were selected based on the required informant criteria using purposive sampling, namely journalists in Medan City who moved from print media to online media. Based on the research results, the third informant experienced the most significant cultural changes in the work atmosphere and work methods and culture. Cultural change can be seen through the dimension of culture shock; affective, behavioral, and cognitive. The process of the three informants in dealing with changes in work culture, can be analyzed using 4 stages in culture shock, namely: Honeymoon Stage, Rejection or Regression Stage, Adjustment or Negotiation Stage, Mastery Stage.

Mirroring journalistic work in newsroom metrics: A longitudinal study of Estonian journalists’ making sense of data

While a substantial body of research has explored the intricate relationship between journalists and metrics, there remains a notable gap in systematically understanding how evolving metrics over time influence journalists’ use of data as feedback. This study addresses this gap by investigating how alterations in the most valued metrics influence the utilisation of audience data for reflection and feedback in national and local newsrooms. The study spans multiple waves from 2012 to 2023 and comprises 72 interviews with Estonian journalists. It employs the Data Loop framework to analyse the circulation of audience data among media institutions, audiences, newsrooms, and individual journalists’ reflexive actions. Examining data reflexivity within newsrooms involves considering the interplay between newsroom culture, metrics-gathering technology, external pressures from changing business models, and journalistic agency. Over time, the metrics valued by newsroom managers have shifted – from prioritising clicks as a measure of audience interest to rewarding journalists based on minutes spent on stories or the acquisition of subscriptions. In this article, we argue that instead of considering the audiences behind the data, journalists and editors mostly use the data offered by metrics to reflect on their work. Noteworthy trends include journalists conforming to data dominance and shaping their work to align with prevailing metrics, particularly in the context of paywalls where individual article readership can be linked with direct income through subscriptions. Contextualising newsroom data within the Data Loop, this study illustrates how data serves as a source for reflections at both the individual and newsroom culture levels. Despite assertions of an audience turn, our findings indicate that a focus on metrics does not necessarily signify a focus on the audience but rather an unwavering interest in journalistic production.

Applications of science communication in science diplomacy: communicating (for) Arctic marine mammal governance

ABSTRACT The study of science diplomacy is a relatively new field, having only gained popular scholarly and journalistic attention in recent decades. The term is so new that practitioners often equivocate science diplomacy with the related practice of science communication. Academic accounts are similarly guilty of ignoring or glossing over the contributions of science communicators to science diplomacy. This paper builds on Leach’s framework combining science communication activities and science diplomacy functions to highlight applications of science communication in science diplomacy, using empirical examples from the realm of Arctic marine mammal governance. Based on interviews with researchers, journalists, policymakers, and science diplomats with expertise in Arctic marine mammal governance, the paper highlights three such applications: (1) raising awareness of research projects, (2) policy-facing communications, and (3) public outreach. Herein, the article draws attention to science communicators whose contributions to science diplomacy are overlooked in the subject literature at times, including the work of journalists, Indigenous representatives, and NGO workers.

A New(s) Copyright Balancing Act: How American Journalism Institutions Approached the Early Era of Artificial Intelligence and Fair Use

ABSTRACT Given the significant investment needed to gather the news, American journalism institutions have historically sought to protect their copyrights. The legal principle of fair use interplays with the ability of users to reshape portions of cultural products to make transformative works. As Large Language Models that empower Artificial Intelligence platforms can be built upon news artifacts, copyright considerations have, to date, evolved faster than legal and regulatory frameworks can respond. Examining public comments submitted to the U.S. Copyright Office in 2023, this study provides a historical snapshot of how copyright was conceptualized by American journalism institutions in the earliest era of AI adoption within newsrooms. This study finds that this set of journalism institutions largely endorsed licensing arrangements for the legal (re)use of journalistic works. At the same time, as viewed through the lens of metajournalistic discourse, the comments provided another public forum for journalism institutions to publicly debate and define the boundaries of the news profession itself.

Citizen journalism revisited: A case study of Kenya’s kibera news network

In an evolving media landscape, the prominence and influence of citizen journalism has grown markedly, challenging historical norms and providing alternative narratives. While traditional journalism has been guided by objectivity, autonomy, and ethics, its representation has been questioned, especially in marginalised communities like Kibera, a neighbourhood in Nairobi, Kenya. Scholars have shed light on the transformational role of journalism and the ensuing need for democratisation in its practice, acknowledging the challenge it faces in representing diverse sections of the population. Using Kibera News Network (KNN) as a case study, this mixed methods study looks at the extent to which citizen journalists, despite lacking formal training, uphold and perhaps even redefine traditional journalistic principles. Utilising a qualitative content analysis of KNN videos and in-depth interviews with citizen journalists in Kibera, findings suggest that these citizen journalists exhibit a solid commitment to ethical reporting, emphasising accuracy and fairness, perhaps due to these journalists being citizens in their community—a community that has been marginalised and misrepresented—and thus experience a heightened sense of belonging. KNN citizen journalists also demonstrate high levels of autonomy and journalism ethics and are unburdened by the political and financial pressures that shape some mainstream media narratives. Taken together, findings suggest that the citizen journalist work of KNN contributes to multiple civic outcomes, including neighbourhood belonging and collective efficacy, which leads to civic participation.

Evolving Social Media Strategies in Local Journalism: Experiences from Argentine Patagonia

Studies on journalistic work and production on social media typically focus on large media outlets in developed countries. In this article, we shift the lens to a peripheral area of a peripheral country: Argentine Patagonia. Our objective was to analyse journalistic production on Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter in the eight most-followed local and regional news media outlets. We analysed the narratives, the extent to which they apply transmedia journalism, and how they have evolved compared to studies from 2021. We also conducted structured interviews with social media managers to gain insight into their professional practices. We conclude that, 15 years since the creation of the first profiles, promoting website content remains the primary goal of North Patagonian media networks. Since 2021, there have been more frequent updates but less native production, especially on Facebook and Twitter. Despite the shortage of staff and precarious working conditions, some news media outlets have been able to innovate on Instagram, introducing a variety of multimedia formats, a more conversational tone, diverse update rhythms, adapted content, and even specific content that is organised into sections. Information production for the platforms has been integrated into journalistic routines even when public interaction with the audience remains very limited.

От «Пути жизни» к «Своду мыслей»: проблемы реконструкции философского мировоззрения Л. Н. Толстого

The article discusses the history of the creation of the "Code of Thought of Leo Tolstoy", which reflects the writer's system of views and reconstructs the religious and philosophical foundations of his work. This literary and philosophical monument began to be created during Tolstoy's lifetime and with his participation, the process of collecting and systematizing the thoughts of the classic took several decades. The Code presents various aspects of the writer's religious, philosophical, moral, and aesthetic views. The sources of the Code are Tolstoy's artistic, philosophical and journalistic works. The study of the stages of the evolution of the thinker's worldview shows a clear tendency to create metatexts that reflect all the facets of his religious and philosophical teaching. However, the "Code of Thoughts" was never published, despite the efforts of Tolstoy's closest disciples and followers. The authors of the article trace the influence of the structure of the writer's last collection of thoughts "The Way of Life" on the overall content composition of the "Code of Thoughts", showing that it was it that was taken as the basis for the formation of the text setting forth the main features of Tolstoy's worldview. With the help of archival sources introduced into scientific circulation (documents from the funds of V.G. Chertkov, N.N. Gusev and others), the authors made an attempt to clarify the features of the work on this monument, to show the influence of the socio-cultural, political context, life circumstances that prevented the publication of "The Code of Thoughts of L.N. Tolstoy", which was supposed to become a bright page in Russian philosophical thought. "The Way of Life" was a guideline for the creators of the "Code of Thoughts", which was a way of religious and philosophical conceptualization of the writer's heritage, the key foundations of his consideration of man, spiritual life, social and cultural changes. The work shows the importance of this work, which has not yet been published, for understanding the history of Russian culture, for the interpretation of topical problems of modern Tolstoy studies. The methods found for reconstructing the worldview architectonics of the "Code of Thoughts" can be the basis for continuing its study and further work on preparing for publication a monument that resurrects the work and aspirations of both the writer himself and his like-minded people.

PUBLICISTIC MEANING OF THE REVIEW BY T. SYDYKBEKOV ON THE POETIC COLLECTION “MAKHABAT”

Publicism is one of the areas in Kyrgyz literary criticism, which has not often become the object of scientific research. Consequently, it can be said that opinions about its variety, comprehensiveness, genres, artistry, and the functions it performs have practically not yet been expressed. Considered from this angle, there are very few special studies on the journalism of individual writers. Therefore, in this article, by referring to the journalistic works of the writer Tugelbay Sydykbekov, an attempt is made to contribute to the solution of this urgent problem. T. Sydykbekov in his work addressed all journalistic genres, exerting his influence on society through them. Among them, in the first place, are his reviews, which are one of the genres of journalism, which in their time caused a lot of discussions and still do not lose their significance. At the same time, the writer's reviews are very diverse (on a work of art, on scientific works, on dictionaries, films, and much more). The article discusses the review written on the collection of poems by A. Osmonov “Makhabat” and the influence it had on the author. The validity of this review is considered in comparison with the review article of the poet M. Alybaev "Senseless Love" to the same collection.