Journalistic Activity Research Articles

Timely issues of the objective side of obstructing the legitimate professional activity of journalists

The article examines some elements of the objective side of the composition of the criminal offense provided for in Part 1 of Art. 171 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which describes the obstruction of the legitimate professional activity of journalists. Three forms of obstruction of journalistic activity were considered: 1) intentional obstruction of the legitimate professional activity of journalists, including in one of the ways described in the criminal law (Part 1 of Article 171 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine); 2) influencing a journalist to prevent him from fulfilling his professional duties (part 2 of Article 171 of Ukraine); 3) persecution of a journalist in connection with his legitimate professional activity (Part 2 of Article 171 of Ukraine). It is emphasized that the objective side of the investigated criminal offense consists of socially dangerous actions (actions or inactions), which limit the possibility or even make it impossible for journalists to fulfill their professional. Three main methods of criminally unlawful obstruction of a journalist’s activity, which is prescribed in Part 1 of Art. 171 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, are considered: 1) illegal seizure of materials and technical means collected, processed, and prepared by a journalist, which the journalist uses in connection with his professional activity; 2) illegal denial of journalist’s access to information; 3) illegal prohibition of coverage of certain topics, showing of certain persons, criticism of the subject of authority. It is emphasized that the current criminal law enshrines a wide list of actions that can be considered obstruction, taking into account the wording “any other intentional obstruction.” This makes it possible to cover various practical situations in which obstacles are created for journalists in the performance of their professional duties. The article separately analyzes the normative definitions governing the confiscation of property and the specifics of denial of access to information, as well as examples of judicial practice illustrating the illegal seizure of materials and other restrictions on the professional activities of journalists. Special attention is paid to the interpretation of concepts related to the ban on coverage of certain topics or criticism of subjects of authority; situations, where such prohibitions may manifest themselves in the form of state censorship or other illegal influences, are also described. The author substantiates the need to optimize the norms of the law and exclude unnecessary repetitions, such as the use of the term “illegal”, in order to avoid tautology and improve guidelines for law enforcement. The conclusions emphasize the importance of improving the practice of applying criminal law and the possible directions of such improvement in order to ensure the protection of journalists’ rights and freedom of speech in Ukraine.

Implementation of Asymmetrical Decentralization In Papua: Relevance to Demands and Problems

This research aims to analyze the implementation of asymmetric decentralization in Indonesia with the case study of Papua. Efforts to end the conflict in Papua are a priority for the Indonesian government. This research uses qualitative research methods packaged in a normative legal approach, including historical and legal approaches as primary sources for research. Based on the special autonomy law, there’s potential and equitable development through articles that provide opportunities for Indigenous Law 2/21. Because several changes lead to equality and the elimination of inequality. However, in practice, asymmetric decentralization can possibly become a problem, especially regarding the threat of conflict due to expansion and acts of corruption, collusion, and nepotism. In practice, several indicators have not been able to provide a solution to the separatism movement in Papua, especially regarding the peace agreement. The Implementation of special autonomy has not been a complete solution. Meanwhile, in the relevance of special autonomy, Law 2/21 sporadically has been by the requests represented DPRD included in the expense of discrimination and development allocation. However, in several demands, the Indonesian government has not been able to answer one of which is dialogue and openness of journalistic activities.

SPECIFIC FEATURES OF A TEXT REVIEW (USING THE EXAMPLE OF THE AMERIME “AVATAR: THE LEGEND OF AANG”)

This study examines the genre of text reviews of Americanime in Russian media, its deformation and features explained by the narrowness of the direction. The interest of the study is also focused on finding an answer to the question of how popular are reviews of animation projects among Russian media today. The theoretical significance of the work lies in examining the concept of “review of Americanime”, describing the specific characteristics of this genre and the features of such projects. The practical significance is that the results of this work can be relied on in practical journalistic activities when creating their own media materials aimed at reviewing a narrow genre of mass culture. The research material includes publications of the online publications “Kommersant” and “2x2 media”, thematically related to the Americanime “Avatar: The Last Airbender”. By analyzing and comparing materials from official media, the main patterns in reviewing Americanime were identified.

Воспрепятствование законной профессиональной деятельности журналистов (ст. 144 УК РФ): отграничение рассматриваемого состава от смежных составов преступлений

In the science of criminal law and in the law enforcement practice of competent authorities, much attention is paid to the rules of qualification of crime. Both theorists and law enforcement officers refer to the rules of qualification of crimes. Article 17 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation states: "if a crime is provided for by general and special norms, there is no combination of crimes and criminal liability occurs under a special norm". In the event of competition of norms, the same act falls under the signs of different crimes. Overcoming the competition of norms by law enforcement officers affects the correct application of criminal law norms, and therefore the principle of legality in the application of law is realized.Analysis of law enforcement practice for crimes aimed at obstructing the legitimate professional activities of journalists shows that at present, despite the enshrining at the legislative level of the norm serving as a guarantee of freedom of speech, freedom of the mass media, directly protecting the legitimate professional activities of media representatives, criminal attacks are often qualified under related crimes. Rare application in judicial practice of Art. 144 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (in the presence of all the grounds for this provided by the criminal law) is to a certain extent due to the imperfections of the legislative design of the norm, which in turn determines the need to improve it.

THE PRICE OF TRUTH: THE IMPACT OF WAR ON JOURNALISTIC FREEDOM AND NEWS CONTENT IN UKRAINE

The aim of this paper is to analyze how the ongoing war with Russia, starting on February 24, 2022, has influenced the freedom of journalistic activity and the content of news in Ukraine, using the example of the publication "Ukrainska Pravda." The study examines the specific challenges that have emerged under the conditions of military aggression, including legal restrictions, economic pressures on media outlets, and the ethical dilemmas faced by journalists in balancing the public’s right to know with considerations of national security. The paper explores how censorship and self-censorship have impacted independent media in Ukraine, altering both the accessibility and depth of information available to the public. Methods applied in this research include general scientific approaches (such as analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction), theoretical frameworks (from abstract to concrete), and the historical method, enabling a comprehensive view of the shifts in Ukrainian journalism in wartime. Through this examination, the study highlights the sacrifices and complexities involved in maintaining the integrity and independence of journalism under extreme political and social conditions.

Журналістська діяльність Опанаса Шевчукевича в щоденнику «Час» (Чернівці, 1932–1939 рр.)

The article reveals the journalistic work of the Ukrainian doctor, sculptor, writer, bibliophile, public and cultural figure, publicist and correspondent of the Chernivtsi socio-political daily newspaper «Chas» Opanas Shevchukevych in the 30s of the twentieth century. The purpose of the article is to highlight the features of Opanas Shevchukevych's journalistic work in the Chernivtsi daily «Chas» of the period, to find out the genre forms of his journalism, to outline their problematic and thematic directions. To achieve this goal, a number of tasks were performed: the publications of the author under study were identified and systematized, their problematic and thematic component and author's style were analyzed. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time his personality as a journalist, which has not been the subject of a separate study, was systematically analyzed, the special features of O. Shevchukevych's journalistic activity through the prism of the Chernivtsi daily «Chas» were identified, and a register of publications by him found on the pages of the newspaper, most of which were not in scientific circulation, was compiled. The article uses general scientific and special methods that made it possible to achieve the planned goal: press-clipping (highlighting the publications of the author under study in the declared press), analytical and descriptive (revealing the thematic and problematic priorities of the analyzed materials), bibliographic (compiling a register of the journalist's publications for further analysis). It is summarized that the problematic and thematic range of his publications demonstrates a significant contribution to the popularization of the basics of medical knowledge, healthy lifestyle, as well as Ukrainian culture, in particular the theater and music movements in Chernivtsi in the interwar period, among the Ukrainian population of Bukovyna. It is found that Shevchukevych the reviewer is characterized by analyzing performances through a literary prism, while the ideological and ethical component is a priority. The author emphasizes the need for a separate in-depth study of O. Shevchukevych's journalistic achievements of different periods. Keywords: Opanas Shevchukevych, Chas newspaper, Chernivtsi, journalistic activity, article, review.

Curating activist journalism to defy China’s “mainstream” narrative on X (Twitter)

ABSTRACT This article foregrounds the great translation movement (GTM), initially mobilised on X (formerly Twitter) in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, as an example of activist journalism countering China's 'mainstream' narrative of the war and its broader implications. Using Fairclough’s dialectical-relational approach, adapted to the specifics of social media communication, we examine GTM postings throughout the first calendar year of the war, highlighting how the GTM evolves into a broader activist-journalistic initiative that challenges the party-state beyond its involvement in the war. This paradigm of intervention unfolds as GTM activists report on evidential events within China that bear the potential to spark public contention outside of the party-state’s censorship reach. By examining the dialectical relations between reportage and advocacy, this analysis demonstrates how activist journalism constitutes an emerging cross-border civic engagement, challenging a Southern authoritarian regime from the outside. A critical evaluation of activist journalism and its broader societal impacts is also provided, highlighting its progressive potential and future development in the Chinese context and beyond.

Aesthetics of Negative Communication: Conflicts of Journalists and Officials

Introduction. The article proposes an aesthetic aspect of describing communication between journalists and politicians. The dramaturgical, image and consumer contexts of media communication, which, in our opinion, contain an aesthetic component, are problematized. An aesthetic look at the topic traditionally attributed to political science or sociological fields of knowledge allows us to see aspects of human activity that are perhaps less noticeable, but no less influential on the reproduction of the social order. Methodology and sources. The analysis of the situations discussed in the article is implemented in the tradition of interpretive sociology, which considers social communication as a constitutive factor in the behavior and activities of people. The principles of dramaturgical sociology of I. Hoffmann, theoretical observations of authors working in the field of symbolic politics, conceptual reasoning set out in F. Ankersmit’s essay “Political Representation” are used, in particular the term “representation” he uses in relation to the politician. Results and discussion. Situations that can be classified as negative communication between journalists and politicians were selected for analysis. The latter is defined as an action that can provoke negative emotions and feelings of communication participants, and thus disorient them regarding the development and consequences of the communicative situation. The obtained research results confirm that the concept of “negative communication” allows us to capture not only the emotional mode of professional activity and interprofessional communication of politicians and journalists, but also to offer an aesthetic view of professional communication. Conclusion. Situational analysis of conflicts in a professional environment, implemented in the tradition of interpretive sociology, reveals their spectacularity, predicting the forms of experience, and allows us to consider them, on the one hand, as works of art, on the other, as moral stories for social education. Aesthetic political representation is the most important need of any civil society, and its implementation is inextricably linked with political education.

The role of journalists of the State Border Guard Service in military journalism in Ukraine

Modern Ukrainian media and communicators pay great attention to military journalism. Today, this field is gaining popularity in Ukraine and the world, as more and more media representatives work in conditions that threaten their health and lives. The challenges of hybrid warfare make scientists more interested in military topics, as the war is waged on two fronts — military and informational. The article considers the stages of formation and development of Ukrainian military journalism, focusing on its current state. Attention is drawn to the state of scientific research of modern military journalism. The role of journalists in the uniform of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine (SBGSU) is actualized. We emphasized the need to popularize the military journalists, their contribution to the development of Ukrainian journalism. The main directions of activity of the SBGSU journalists are analyzed and determined their place and role in modern military media. The functions and tasks of military journalism, the rights and obligations of combatant journalists while serving both in the war zone and in peaceful areas of the Ukrainian border are separately considered. The main tasks include covering the activities of the SBGSU and preparing materials for the media; information support for the internal work of the service; prompt response to events; work with regional and national media; countering disinformation; coordination with other state structures. The results can be used in the development of educational programs in military and civilian educational institutions, as well as in retraining courses for civilian correspondents who plan to work in the war zone.

Official pronouncement of the Holy See on euthanasia

On 5 May 1980 the Supreme Authorities of the S.C. for the Faith signed a Declaration on Euthanasia with the approval and mandate of the Holy Pontiff, but it was published in L'Osservatore Romano on 26 June, when in Urbe ‘calores maximi esse solent’, and all over the world journalistic activity was slowed down due to the holidays; there was no presentation in the press room which documents of this kind usually enjoy.

Interference with the legal professional activities of journalists: public danger and immediate objects

It is indicated that freedom of speech and self­expression are key components of any modern democracy. International and national legislation provides everyone with the right to freedom of thought, speech, and the free expression of their views and beliefs. At the same time, the practical implementation of these fundamental freedoms remains a difficult task. In Ukraine, the professional activity of journalists is under the protection of the state, and the legislative norms regulating this protection are generally sufficient. However, despite this, cases of obstruction of the legal professional activity of media representatives do not stop, as evidenced by judicial practice The work reveals main provisions on the public danger of obstructing legitimate professional activity of journalists (Article 171 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), the direct main and additional objects of this tort. To clarify the content of these elements of the composition of a criminal offense, the concept of the object of a criminal offense as a legal relationship is taken as a basis. It has been established that the social danger of obstructing the legal activity of a journalist lies in the fact that this criminally illegal act has such a negative impact on society in general and the journalist in particular: 1) restricts freedom of speech, i.e. the right to freely express one’s thoughts; 2) hinders citizens’ access to information; 3) directly threatens democratic processes in the state; 4) leads to self-censorship; 5) negatively affects public consciousness, makes it more vulnerable and can lead to its manipulation; 6) threatens psychological and physical safety of journalists, their property, honor, dignity, etc., depending on the manifestation of interference with their legal activities. It is proposed to recognize state-protected legal relations in the sphere of the legitimate professional activity of journalists, which determine the order of such activity, as the main direct object of the criminal offense provided for in Art. 171 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. It is argued that the criminal offense provided for in Art. 171 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, usually includes direct additional optional objects, which can be legal relations related to the provision of criminal law protection of life, health, honor, dignity, property of a journalist, public order, normal activity of an organization, the right of citizens to obtaining reliable and objective information, etc. At the same time, direct additional mandatory object takes place only in case of committing the specified tort by an official using his official position.

The Urgency Of Press FreedomRelated To Conflict Of Norms Viewed From The Perspective Of Dignified Justice

The Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) as a legal state based on the Almighty God has an obligation to protect the rights of its citizens, including press freedom. Press freedom, as the fourth pillar of democracy, is guaranteed by the 1945 Constitution and Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 40 of 1999 on the Press, which guarantees the right to obtain and disseminate information. However, recent laws such as Law No. 19 of 2016 on Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE Law) and its revision in Law No. 1 of 2024, along with provisions in the Criminal Code, pose potential norm conflicts with press freedom. Articles in the ITE Law are often used to curb press freedom, contrary to the Press Law which provides legal protection for journalistic activities. This research uses a normative legal method to analyze the conflict of norms between the ITE Law, the Criminal Code, and the Press Law. Through this approach, the research examines how legal principles such as Lex Superior Derogat Legi Inferiori and Lex Specialis Derogat Legi Generalis can be applied to resolve conflicts and ensure effective protection of press freedom within the Indonesian legal framework

The Media Culture of Telegram Media Channels: Coverage of the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict

This article focuses on the study of the media culture of Telegram journalism. This messenger has long ceased to be a platform for messaging between users. Journalists have subordinated the functionality of Telegram to their activities: here they unite the audience, transmit information in the format of a personal message and provide a fi eld for expression. Russian journalists have begun to actively use the messenger for their professional activities since 2022: editorial offi ces of large media outlets create channels, and traditional media outlets quote publications from their own Telegram channels and the channels of colleagues in their materials. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the media culture of Telegram media channels remains poorly studied, while the messenger is gaining popularity among online platforms for journalistic activities, posing strong competition to traditional media sites. In the process of research, the author used sampling, comparison and comparison methods and also turned to scientifi c theoretical materials on Internet journalism, journalism in social media and, in particular, the journalistic activities of Telegram. The purpose of the research is to study the media culture of modern Telegram journalism. The objective of the study is to use the example of practical material, namely, based on posts from the Telegram channels RIA Novosti, Readovka and Mash during the beginning of the Palestinian-Israeli confl ict, to study the tools of work of journalists in the messenger and determine their features in comparison with work on the websites of publications. The study revealed the features of the media culture of Telegram media channels: journalists more willingly and quickly transmit information in the messenger, in comparison with the publication’s website, actively integrate different formats for transmitting content, tools for infl uencing the attention of the audience, including at the stylistic level. The conducted research introduces the media culture of Telegram journalism and demonstrates the need for further and detailed study of the concept of Telegram journalism, the prospects for the development of modern Internet journalism, in particular in social media. Keywords: Telegram-journalism, media culture, messenger, online media, RIA Novosti, Mash, Readovka

Attitude to Law as an Indicator of the Journalist’s Legal Culture (Based on the Materials of an Expert Survey)

The article discusses an important part of the professional culture of a journalist – legal culture, which is based on knowledge of legal norms and journalists’ attitude to the law, manifested in their lawful behavior and, in general, in the activities of modern Russian mass media. As part of the research project of the Department of Theory of Journalism and Mass Communications at St. Petersburg State University, Professional Ideology of Journalism, a pilot study of the normative-legal discourse of journalists’ professional culture was conducted. The empirical basis for the study was expert interviews with representatives of print media who have extensive experience in journalism, including the position of editor-in-chief. The purpose of the research is to reveal how sectoral legislation determines the content of journalists’ activities; how journalists feel about the Russian On the Mass Media law and the normative regulation of media activities in general; and, ultimately, how journalistic activities embody the three structural components of a journalist’s legal culture: 1) cognitive; 2) motivational-refl exive and 3) activity-practical. The results of the processing of expert interviews show that, in general, journalists have a respectful attitude toward industry-specifi c legislation and consider the current law On Mass Media to be a basic document regulating freedom of expression and many other issues of media activity. Although the freedom of speech, which was enshrined in the Russian law on mass media and later in the Constitution of the Russian Federation, has not become a tradition, a norm of life, creativity and professional culture of journalists. Keywords: law, legislation, legal culture, freedom of speech, journalist, expert survey

Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Kebebasan Pers (Wartawan) Dalam Melakukan Kegiatan Jurnalistik

Introduction: Freedom of the press is fundamental. Freedom is meant in the context of exercising the rights, functions and roles of the press. Journalists as people who carry out these functions and roles, get guaranteed legal protection. In Article 8 of Law No. 40 of 1999 concerning the Press it states "In carrying out their profession journalists receive legal protection". However, in reality, cases of violence, intimidation and threats against journalists are still occurring.Purposes of the Research: Reviewing and discussing whether actions that impede freedom of the press can be held criminally responsible and reviewing and discussing legal protection for freedom of the press (journalists) in conducting journalistic activities.Methods of the Research: The research method used is normative research based on statutory approaches, case approaches and conceptual approaches.Results of the Research: The results of the research found that acts that impede freedom of the press (journalists) in carrying out journalistic activities are criminal acts and for those actions committed, they can be held criminally responsible and can be processed based on applicable law. On the other hand, legal protection from both the government and/or the public for journalists must be carried out with full awareness and a high sense of responsibility so that good synergy is built to create a sense of security for journalists in carrying out their noble duties.

СПЕЦІАЛЬНІ НОРМИ ЩОДО КРИМІНАЛЬНО-ПРАВОВОГО ЗАХИСТУ ЖУРНАЛІСТСЬКОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ (ст. ст. 345-1, 347-1, 348-1, 349-1 КК УКРАЇНИ): НАУКОВО-ПРАКТИЧНИЙ КОМЕНТАР ОКРЕМИХ ДИСКУСІЙНИХ ПОЛОЖЕНЬ

У роботі надано науково-практичний коментар окремих положень статей 345-1, 347-1, 348-1, 349-1 КК України, за результатами проведення якого було, по-перше, сформульовано рекомендації щодо вирішення тих дискусійних питань, відсутність відповідей на які може завадити ефективному застосуванню вказаних заборон, по-друге, виявлено притаманні відповідним нормам недоліки, наявність яких уже негативно позначається на результативності перших, та висловлено пропозиції щодо усунення останніх. Зокрема, наведено додаткові аргументи на користь висловленої в юридичній літературі пропозиції щодо поміщення всіх норм, присвячених кримінально-правовій охороні журналістської діяльності, у розділ V «Кримінальні правопорушення проти виборчих, трудових та інших особистих прав і свобод людини і громадянина» Особливої частини КК України. Доведено, що застосування до журналіста ударів та інших насильницьких дій, що завдали фізичного болю і не спричинили тілесних ушкоджень, а також мордування та катування вимагає кваліфікації за сукупністю за ст. 171 та ч. 1 (ч. 2) ст. 126 або ст. 127 КК України, а не за ст. 345-1. Водночас підтримується точка зору щодо доцільності згадування в оновленій ст. 345-1 КК України про відповідні і наразі не вказані у ній види насильства. Висловлено наукову гіпотезу стосовно того, що у випадку, коли погроза насильством (крім погрози вбивством) та насильство, що були застосовані до журналіста, були об’єднані єдиним умислом, вчинене потребує кваліфікації лише за ч. 2 ст. 345-1 та без посилання на ч. 1 ст. 345-1 КК України. Аргументовано, що у випадках, коли погроза або насильство щодо журналіста здійснюються з метою перешкоджання законній професійній діяльності останнього, вчинене має кваліфікуватися за сукупністю за ч. 1 (ч. 2) ст. 171 та відповідною частиною ст. 345-1 КК України; у випадку ж переслідування за виконану професійну діяльність дії винного мають отримувати кримінально-правову оцінку з посиланням вже на ч. 2 ст. 171 та ст. 345-1 КК України.

Dominik Tatarka and His Journalist Dimension

The study focuses on the Slovak writer Dominik Tatarka and his aspect of journalism. Although he is primarily a personality who belongs to the artistic-literary space, he was also heavily involved as a journalist at one time. However, the recognition of this journalistic line remains in the background, while it had a societal impact and was a serious testimony of the writer’s turbulent opinion development, turns, and attitudes. The writer radically succumbed to the communist regime at some point in his life, but after realizing the destruction that the totalitarian regime was perpetrating, he subsequently radically moved away from these positions and became its loud critic. Naturally, these positions of opinion are also copied by his journalistic activity, the reflection of which, as we have already stated, remains somewhat in the background. The study therefore has the ambition to eliminate this deficit at least partially. Based on the research of collected journalistic texts and analytical probe into their semantic space, our goal is to make available the hitherto undisclosed semantic dimensions of his journalistic communications, put them in relationships and context and thus expand the portfolio of information about this distinctive, at that time key figure of the Slovak cultural space. With regard to the limited spatial possibilities of the contribution, we focus on Tatarka's journalistic activities in the period of the second half of the 1940s to approximately the first half of the 1950s. This is the period in which he manifested himself most strongly as a journalist and his activities in this direction took on serious social dimensions.The study aims to expand the scope of information about this prominent Slovak social and cultural figure and to contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of him. Keywords: writer, journalist, communist regime, newspaper article, journalism, print media

Spanish Journalists in Exile

The title of this paper refers to both the personality and work of two Spaniards, who, at the beginning of the nineteenth century, had to abandon their homeland fleeing from the absolutism of King Ferdinand VII (1784–1833). The exile of the Spanish liberal writers started in 1814 and was characterized by two major milestones: the first between 1814 and 1820, where Great Britain was the main destination; and a second wave which began in 1823 and ended in 1833, wherein France gained prominence as a reception centre. Although the journalistic activities that were both undertaken in Paris were less relevant than those carried out by other writers in London, the truth is that with their reading, we can better understand the study of this exile journalism and the subsequent liberal journalism that was developed in Spain when the conditions allowed it.

Development and problems of the national journalistic model of Kazakhstan, considering social, ethical, managerial, and marketing mechanisms of the media environment

ABSTRACT Journalistic activity in Kazakhstan is a complex system that occupies an important place in the development and promotion of a national modernized model of public consciousness. The purpose of the study is to analyze the features of the development of the communicative model of the periodical press of Kazakhstan. The following methods were used to achieve the objectives: systematization, survey, and comparative. The results of the study determined that journalistic activity manifests itself in both professional and civil contexts, while outlining the saturation of content on the Internet. The survey of correspondents and journalists determined that the most influential topic that forms the public consciousness of Kazakhs is politics. Due to the active promotion of innovative technologies and the Internet, the media market is overflowing with various information, including fake, which negatively affects the consciousness of society. In order to effectively create a national model of society, representatives of the mass media must adhere to the principles of ethics, and actively promote the fight against fake information together with government agencies and society. The practical significance lies in the use of the results of the study by academics and specialists in journalism and communication.

PENERAPAN SEARCH ENGINE OPTIMIZATION PADA PEMBERITAAN DI MEDIA SIBER

The presence of the internet has changed the practice of journalistic activities in the mass media, especially cyber media. Cyber media editorial policies have also adjusted to the advancement of information technology by utilizing Search Engine Optimization (SEO). The implementation of SEO techniques in journalistic activities in cyber media is very necessary so that cyber media can survive and make it easier for the community to get information that suits their needs. Currently, cyber media has a higher attention in search engines because today's internet users will search for information through search engines every day. The purpose of this study is to find out the editorial policy of Pojoksatu.id cyber media in implementing Search Engine Optimization (SEO) in carrying out journalistic activities. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach with a descriptive nature and using the case study method. The results of the study show that the editorial policy of implementing SEO in news production in Pojoksatu.id still prioritizes journalistic principles. The resulting news products combine the needs of readers and utilize search engine technology in a balanced manner. The implementation of SEO in Pojoksatu.id includes three things. First, crawling is an automated process to collect and index data from various sources so that the news produced can be automatically read by search engines. Second, pay attention to the availability of adequate equipment so that journalistic activities can be carried out optimally and the news made by journalists can be on page one. Third, policies related to human resource development and editorial, Pojoksatu.id management continuously provides training to journalists and editors to be able to write news in accordance with SEO. Journalists and editors must be able to apply the right keywords in the news to be indexed by search engines and spread news links to social media.