Journal Of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Research Articles

On the Commonly-Used Incorrect Visual Representation of Accuracy and Precision

We performed a Google image search using the search phrase “accuracy and precision” and, after removing unresponsive and duplicate web pages from the search results, found that 78 of the top 100 results use the bullseye chart to visually explain this concept. Unfortunately, we also found that 52 of those 78 results, i.e., an incredible two thirds, use a visual similar to what is shown in Fig. 1(i) or Fig. 1(ii), both of which are at best highly misleading and factually incorrect according to relevant standards and guidelines. In this figure, the black dots represent the values obtained by replicated measurements of the same measurand (the quantity intended to be measured), and the visual aims to present how close the measured values are to each other and to an agreed-upon reference value, represented by the red bullseye. In the search results, visuals similar to Fig. 1(i) and Fig. 1(ii) appeared 25 and 27 times, respectively. In the top 20 search results, which is where the great majority of users look for answers, the earliest correct visual appeared only at position 11, followed by 13, 15, and 19 in the rankings. The great majority of the 52 incorrect visuals were in non-peer-reviewed documents, reinforcing the notion that one should not believe everything one sees on the internet, although shockingly, a few were in papers published in peer-reviewed scientific venues, including one in Elsevier's Journal of Clinical Epidemiology and another one in the SCMR's Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, both well-cited journals. The actual numbers are probably higher, as many scientific articles are behind pay-walls and inaccessible to Google search.

158 Quantifying manganese-calcium interaction for optimal cardiac manganese enhanced mri

IntroductionInformation on myocardial viability is important for the management of ischaemic cardiomyopathy patient. Difficulties in assessing viability arise because necrotic tissue and viable myocardium overlap at the infarct border zone....

Patients with Tetralogy of Fallot have lower systolic KE in the left ventricle and higher diastolic KE in the right ventricle

Dept of Clinical Physiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden Full list of author information is available at the end of the article Figure 1 Comparison of kinetic energy (KE) (top) and KE indexed for ventricular stroke volume (SV) (bottom) between ToF patients and controls in both left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV). Bar and whiskers show mean ± SD. Sjoberg et al. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2016, 18(Suppl 1):P184 http://www.jcmr-online.com/content/18/S1/P184

Quantifying right ventricular diffuse fibrosis in tetralogy of Fallot - a novel customised approach for the challenges of the right ventricle

NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London, London, UK Full list of author information is available at the end of the article Figure 1 Representative short-axis images from subjects scanned for RV T1 mapping by fat-water separated, MSPrep dark blood imaging. Images for five subjects with repaired tetralogy of Fallot and five healthy volunteers shown (one subject per column): Top row MoCo averaged water-only image at Ts 600 ms, Second row MoCo averaged water-only anchor image at same window/level, Third row MoCo averaged fat only image, Bottom row T1 map generated from registration and 2-parameter fit of the six images per sampling scheme. Heng et al. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2016, 18(Suppl 1):O26 http://www.jcmr-online.com/content/18/S1/O26

The effect of free-breathing on left ventricular rotational mechanics in normal subjects and patients with duchenne muscular dystrophy

Reyhan et al. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2015, 17(Suppl 1):Q22 http://www.jcmr-online.com/content/17/S1/Q22 WALKING POSTER PRESENTATION Open Access The effect of free-breathing on left ventricular rotational mechanics in normal subjects and patients with duchenne muscular dystrophy Meral Reyhan 2,3 , Zhe Wang 2,1* , Hyun J Kim 2 , Nancy Halnon 4 , Paul J Finn 2 , Daniel B Ennis 2,1 From 18th Annual SCMR Scientific Sessions Nice, France. 4-7 February 2015 Background Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) develop respiratory impairment and signs and symptoms of cardiac involvement at an early age. Quantitative mea- sures of cardiac function from MRI tagging can be used to stage disease progression and monitor the response to therapy. Traditional cardiac MRI exams, however, require repeated breath holding, which places a notable burden on patients with DMD and can impart intrathoracic pressure changes that alter cardiac function. The effect of free- breathing on quantitative measure of left ventricular (LV) rotational mechanics for DMD patients is incompletely understood. Objective: To evaluate differences in LV rota- tional mechanics acquired during breath holding (BH), free-breathing with averaging (AVG), and free-breathing with respiratory bellows gating (BEL). Methods 16 healthy volunteers (1 female, 27.8±3.9 years) and 5 DMD patients (all male, 11.3±3.7 years) were scanned on a 3.0T Siemens Scanner with BH, AVG and BEL. ORI-SPAMM (Reyhan. M et. al. JMRI 2014;39(2):339- 345) was used to acquire short-axis images at the base and apex of the heart. 280-330x280-330mm field-of- view, 6mm slice thickness, 192x192 acquisition matrix, 395 Hz/pixel receiver bandwidth, TE/TR =2.33-2.39/ 4.71-4.83 ms, 8 phase encode lines per segment, 12° imaging flip angle, 8 mm tag spacing, GRAPPA 2. LV Figure 1 Mean LV twist of (A) healthy volunteers and (B) patients with DMD for breath-held (BH, solid), free-breathing with averaging (AVG, dashed), and bellows gated (BEL, dash-dotted) methods. BH LV twist is generally higher compared to AVG or BEL, especially at its peak. Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA © 2015 Reyhan et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

Characterization of cardiac masses with T1 mapping

Cardiology, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA Full list of author information is available at the end of the article Figure 1 A1. A DIR TSE image demonstrates fat in the atrioventricular groove as well as a non-fat-based mass at the mitral annulus. A2. The corresponding T1 map shows a mass with a relatively low T1 value (417 ms) consistent with mitral annular calcification. B1. A DIR TSE SPAIR image demonstrates a catheter-related thrombus in the right atrium. B2. The T1 map shows a mass with an intermediate T1 time (1114 ms). C1. An SSFP image in a patient with metastatic melanoma demonstrates a region of bright signal intensity in the anterior myocardial segment. C2. The relatively low T1 values (~700 ms) of the melanin-rich metastatic foci on the corresponding T1 map facilitate identification of myocardium studded with tumor. Saba et al. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2015, 17(Suppl 1):Q32 http://www.jcmr-online.com/content/17/S1/Q32

Quantitative left ventricular rotational mechanics in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy patients

Wang et al. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2015, 17(Suppl 1):Q34 http://www.jcmr-online.com/content/17/S1/Q34 WALKING POSTER PRESENTATION Open Access Quantitative left ventricular rotational mechanics in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy patients Zhe Wang 2,1* , Meral Reyhan 2,3 , Nancy Halnon 4 , Sarah N Khan 2 , Paul J Finn 2 , Pierangelo Renella 5 , Daniel B Ennis 2,1 From 18th Annual SCMR Scientific Sessions Nice, France. 4-7 February 2015 Background Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy (D/BMD) is asso- ciated with early onset cardiomyopathy, with cardiac fibro- sis amongst the earliest manifestations. Changes in conventional estimates of cardiac function (e.g. ejection fraction, EF) may occur late in Duchenne and Becker mus- cular dystrophy (DMD/BMD). Cardiac MRI tagging is a noninvasive imaging biomarker for quantifying ventricular dysfunction in DMD/BMD cardiomyopathy. In particular, estimates of ventricular rotational mechanics (e.g. peak twist or normalized untwisting rate) may provide insight to early ventricular dysfunction. Furthermore, myocardial fibrosis in DMD/BMD patients is frequently reported and could significantly impact LV rotational mechanics. How- ever, the functional consequences of myocardial fibrosis in these patients are incompletely understood. The objective of this study was to quantify LV rotational mechanics in pediatric DMD/BMD patients with normal EF (N-EF) or low EF (L-EF) and with (f+) or without (f-) fibrosis. Methods Seventeen (N=17) male pediatric subjects (13.7±4.5 years old) genetically diagnosed with DMD/BMD consented to participate in an IRB approved study. Each patient under- went a cardiac 3T MRI exam that included evaluation of functional status with cine MRI, cardiac tagging MRI, and ventricular scar evaluation. Ten (M=10) non-aged- matched (29±4.3 years old) healthy volunteers were also evaluated to provide context for interpreting the pediatric data. LV mass, LVESV, LVEDV, and LVEF were calcu- lated. The normal EF cut-off was >55.9% for 8-15 year- olds (Danielle et. al. JMRI 2009, 29: :552-559) and >53.2% for 16-20 year-olds (Sarikouch et. al. Circulation 2010 Jan;3(1):65-76). The presence or absence of myocardial fibrosis was determined by consensus agreement. Compar- isons were made using t-tests with Holm-Sidak correction. Results The volunteers had LV peak twist (LV-PT) of 12.2 ± 2.6° and lower LV normalized untwist rate (LV-NUR) -12.5 ± 2.1° s -1 . The table shows lower LV-PT and LV-NUR in the EF-n/f- group compared to controls. LV-PT and LV-NUR significantly decreased in the N-EF/f+ group. LV-PT and LV-NUR were further decreased in the L-EF/f+ and were lowest in the L-EF/f+ group. T-tests with Holm-Sidak cor- rection showed significant difference between L-EF/f- and L-EF/f+ in LV-PT. No significant difference was detected for LV-NUR. Conclusions LV-PT and LV-NUR are lower in patients with DMD/ BMD despite normal EF, compared to the healthy volun- teers. Both low EF and the presence of fibrosis are asso- ciated further decreased LV-PT and LV-NUR. Fibrosis alone has a significant effect on LV rotational mechanics and should be further evaluated. Table 1 Normal (EF-N) Fibrosis (-) LV-PT: 9.3± 2.2° Abnormal (EF-L) N=6 LV-NUR: -11.1± 3.2° s-1 Fibrosis (+) LV-PT: 7.8± 2.2° LV-NUR: -9.1± 2.2° s-1 LV-PT: 8.7± 1.4° N=2 LV-NUR: -10.5± 1.2° s-1 N=6 LV-PT: 5.3 ±0.5° N=3 LV-NUR: -8.3± 0.5° s-1 Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © 2015 Wang et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

Phantom validation of 4D flow: independent validation of vortex ring volume quantification using planar laser-induced fluorescence

Cardiac MR group Lund, Dept. of Clinical Physiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden Full list of author information is available at the end of the article Figure 1 Design and construction of the vortex ring flow phantom. a) 2D view of the flow rectifier and vortex ring tank. All measures are in millimeters (mm). b) 3D view of the flow rectifier and vortex ring tank. c) Pump design. A servo motor powers a ball screw linear actuator, which in turn moves a piston-cylinder apparatus. A rubber membrane separates the flow medium from the pump to prevent abrasive particles from entering the piston/cylinder apparatus. Toger et al. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2015, 17(Suppl 1):P38 http://www.jcmr-online.com/content/17/S1/P38

Review of Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2014.

There were 102 articles published in the Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (JCMR) in 2014, which is a 6 % decrease on the 109 articles published in 2013. The quality of the submissions continues to increase. The 2013 JCMR Impact Factor (which is published in June 2014) fell to 4.72 from 5.11 for 2012 (as published in June 2013). The 2013 impact factor means that the JCMR papers that were published in 2011 and 2012 were cited on average 4.72 times in 2013. The impact factor undergoes natural variation according to citation rates of papers in the 2 years following publication, and is significantly influenced by highly cited papers such as official reports. However, the progress of the journal’s impact over the last 5 years has been impressive. Our acceptance rate is <25 % and has been falling because the number of articles being submitted has been increasing. In accordance with Open-Access publishing, the JCMR articles go on-line as they are accepted with no collating of the articles into sections or special thematic issues. For this reason, the Editors have felt that it is useful once per calendar year to summarize the papers for the readership into broad areas of interest or theme, so that areas of interest can be reviewed in a single article in relation to each other and other recent JCMR articles. The papers are presented in broad themes and set in context with related literature and previously published JCMR papers to guide continuity of thought in the journal. We hope that you find the open-access system increases wider reading and citation of your papers, and that you will continue to send your quality papers to JCMR for publication.

Review of Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2013.

There were 109 articles published in the Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (JCMR) in 2013, which is a 21% increase on the 90 articles published in 2012. The quality of the submissions continues to increase. The editors are delighted to report that the 2012 JCMR Impact Factor (which is published in June 2013) has risen to 5.11, up from 4.44 for 2011 (as published in June 2012), a 15% increase and taking us through the 5 threshold for the first time. The 2012 impact factor means that the JCMR papers that were published in 2010 and 2011 were cited on average 5.11 times in 2012. The impact factor undergoes natural variation according to citation rates of papers in the 2 years following publication, and is significantly influenced by highly cited papers such as official reports. However, the progress of the journal's impact over the last 5 years has been impressive. Our acceptance rate is <25% and has been falling because the number of articles being submitted has been increasing. In accordance with Open-Access publishing, the JCMR articles go on-line as they are accepted with no collating of the articles into sections or special thematic issues. For this reason, the Editors have felt that it is useful once per calendar year to summarize the papers for the readership into broad areas of interest or theme, so that areas of interest can be reviewed in a single article in relation to each other and other recent JCMR articles. The papers are presented in broad themes and set in context with related literature and previously published JCMR papers to guide continuity of thought in the journal. We hope that you find the open-access system increases wider reading and citation of your papers, and that you will continue to send your quality manuscripts to JCMR for publication.

In vivo 3D high resolution cardiac diffusion weighted MRI: a motion compensated diffusion-prepared balanced steady-state free precession approach

Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA Full list of author information is available at the end of the article Figure 1 Typical T2 prepared (b = 0 s/mm) images, DWI (b = 450 s/mm) in three orthogonal directions, and ADC maps for M1M2 (top) and TRSE (bottom) diffusion preparation. M1M2 diffusion-prepared images clearly depict myocardium with minimal artifacts and yield reasonable myocardial trADC values. TRSE diffusion-prepared images present ghosting artifacts and signal drop out that are expected to arise in bulk motion corrupted diffusion-prepared sequences. LV trADC value derived from TRSE diffusion preparation are beyond diffusion of free water at 37°C (3.1 × 10 mm/s). Nguyen et al. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2014, 16(Suppl 1):O83 http://www.jcmr-online.com/content/16/S1/O83

Instantaneous Signal Loss simulation (InSiL) - an alternative algorithm for myocardial T1 mapping using the MOLLI sequence

Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA Full list of author information is available at the end of the article Figure 1 (a) illustration of the InSiL model. The longitudinal signal perturbation by each single-shot bSSFP imaging is simulated as instantaneous signal loss parameterized by factor C. (b) The short axis slice T1 maps of normal myocardium by the standard MOLLI approach and by InSiL at 1.5T, and the heart rate of this volunteer was 69 bpm. The average myocardial T1 based on InSiL was 20 ms higher than MOLLI (934 ± 28 ms vs. 914 ± 25 ms). Shao et al. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2014, 16(Suppl 1):P26 http://www.jcmr-online.com/content/16/S1/P26

Numerically optimized radiofrequency pulses for robust and low-power cardiovascular T2 preparation at 3T

Radiology, University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland Figure 1 Performance of the tailored pulses. a) Example characteristics of the HS1-derived TR-FOCI pulse. Note that the optimized pulse is broad compared to the standard HS1 (dotted line). b) Slice-excitation profile of the same HS1-derived TR-FOCI pulse. Above a low pulse power of gB1≈200 Hz, the profile has a very sharp transition. c) On-resonance inversion power requirements of the standard and TR-FOCI pulses. Once the HS1 pulse is optimized as a TR-FOCI pulse, it requires power similar to the standard HS8 pulse. d) Robustness of the same pulses to B0 variability at pulse power gB1 = 500 Hz. While the poor original profile of the HS8 pulse is improved after optimization, it is especially the optimized HS1 that has improved robustness. van Heeswijk et al. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2014, 16(Suppl 1):P41 http://www.jcmr-online.com/content/16/S1/P41

Dynamic tracking of manganese uptake in mouse hearts by rapid multi-slice T1 mapping

Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA Figure 1 MSRLL pulse sequence. After 90° non-slice selective saturation pulses, 10 sequential multi-slice FLASH acquisitions separated by an interval τ were applied. Each block on the relaxation curve represents a multi-slice acquisition module. Jiang and Yu Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2014, 16(Suppl 1):W35 http://www.jcmr-online.com/content/16/S1/W35

Synchronized cardiac and respiratory sparsity for rapid free-breathing cardiac cine MRI

Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA Full list of author information is available at the end of the article Figure 1 (a) Continuous data acquisition. (b) Cardiac (Car)/respiratory (Res) motion signals detected from the data itself. (c) Data are first sorted using the cardiac signal and then further sorted using the respiratory signal at each cardiac phase, as indicated by the black boxes. Feng et al. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2014, 16(Suppl 1):W26 http://www.jcmr-online.com/content/16/S1/W26

Improved motion correction for T1 mapping

Medicine, BIDMC/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Full list of author information is available at the end of the article Figure 1 DICE similarity coefficients obtained with and without the proposed motion correction approach in pre (5-3 scheme) and post contrast (4-3-2 scheme) T1w image series. Average DICE coefficients over each T1w image series (left column), and over each individual T1-weighted image (right column) are shown. Similar DICE coefficients were observed before and after motion correction in T1w image series with high pre-registration coefficients (~0.9). Substantial improvements in DICE coefficient values were achieved in T1w image series with low pre-registration coefficients (< 0.9). Roujol et al. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2014, 16(Suppl 1):P45 http://www.jcmr-online.com/content/16/S1/P45

Breath-hold spiral tissue phase velocity mapping (TPVM) with non-Cartesian SENSE

high temporal resolution TPVM data over the entire NIHR CBRU, Imperial College, London, UK Figure 1 a) Global velocities from 9 short axis slices in one volunteer (each curve represents velocity averaged over a slice). In longitudinal and radial directions one systolic (SL/SR), one early diastolic (DL/DR) and one atrial systolic (ASL/ASR) peak is seen. Longitudinal peaks reduce from base to apex, while radial peaks do not. Two systolic circumferential peaks (C1 and C2) are seen, as well as a diastolic peak (C3) which is negative at base but positive at apex. b) Peak and TTP global velocity values in the mid slice for the healthy volunteers (mean ± SD values shown by red bars), early DCM patient (green crosses) and late DCM patient (blue crosses). Healthy values show small standard deviations (although circumferential peaks are more variable). C3 is not shown as it is very slice-position dependent not always seen in the mid slice. The early stage patient shows normal longitudinal values but reduced radial values, whereas the late stage patient shows reduced peak values in all directions. Simpson et al. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2014, 16(Suppl 1):P40 http://www.jcmr-online.com/content/16/S1/P40

Review of Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2012.

There were 90 articles published in the Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (JCMR) in 2012, which is an 8% increase in the number of articles since 2011. The quality of the submissions continues to increase. The editors are delighted to report that the 2011 JCMR Impact Factor (which is published in June 2012) has risen to 4.44, up from 3.72 for 2010 (as published in June 2011), a 20% increase. The 2011 impact factor means that the JCMR papers that were published in 2009 and 2010 were cited on average 4.44 times in 2011. The impact factor undergoes natural variation according to citation rates of papers in the 2 years following publication, and is significantly influenced by highly cited papers such as official reports. However, the progress of the journal's impact over the last 5 years has been impressive. Our acceptance rate is approximately 25%, and has been falling as the number of articles being submitted has been increasing. In accordance with Open-Access publishing, the JCMR articles go on-line as they are accepted with no collating of the articles into sections or special thematic issues. For this reason, the Editors have felt that it is useful once per calendar year to summarize the papers for the readership into broad areas of interest or theme, so that areas of interest can be reviewed in a single article in relation to each other and other recent JCMR articles. The papers are presented in broad themes and set in context with related literature and previously published JCMR papers to guide continuity of thought in the journal. We hope that you find the open-access system increases wider reading and citation of your papers, and that you will continue to send your quality manuscripts to JCMR for publication.

Influence of presence and patterns of late gadolinium enhancement on left ventricular remodeling after heart transplantation

School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil Full list of author information is available at the end of the article Figure 1 Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Parameters in 3 Groups of HTX Patients according to the Presence and Pattern of LGE. Box plots of Ejection Fraction, LV EDV/BSA and LV ESV/BSA in LGE + Atypical Pattern, LGE + Typical Pattern and LGE Patients. LV= left ventricle; EDV= end-diastolic volume; ESV= end-systolic volume; BSA= body surface area; LGE+= presence of LGE; LGE= absence of LGE. Braggion Santos et al. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2013, 15(Suppl 1):P260 http://www.jcmr-online.com/content/15/S1/P260

Motion compensated carotid MRI using FID navigators

Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA Full list of author information is available at the end of the article Figure 1 Navigator signal (left) and T2-weighted TSE image (right) for reference (top), non-gated breathing (middle), and gated breathing (bottom) scans. The dashed line in the bottom left panel represents the gating threshold. Dyverfeldt et al. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2013, 15(Suppl 1):P242 http://www.jcmr-online.com/content/15/S1/P242