Schumpeter Research Articles

COVID-19 como fuerza motriz para el desarrollo de ciudades inteligentes: el caso de Chile

El objetivo del trabajo consiste en presentar una argumentación que permite concluir que la actual pandemia de COVID-19 está actuando como un catalizador de las transformaciones necesarias para que los territorios urbanos transiten hacia la conformación de ciudades inteligentes. El marco teórico empleado conjuga la noción de riesgo sistémico con la del paradigma postfordista y schumpeteriano para establecer –desde esa base teórica– que la propagación a escala mundial de la pandemia de COVID-19, durante el año 2020, ha producido un efecto acelerador de la metamorfosis del metabolismo urbano, a nivel global, la que se ha traducido en un incremento de las prácticas de transformación digital, creando así las condiciones para la evolución temprana de los territorios urbanos en ciudades inteligentes. La recolección de datos, el intercambio de información, la estimación de contagios y muertes son solo algunos elementos que pueden ser analizados y gestionados desde la perspectiva de ciudades inteligentes.

French experience: international mobility of researchers in light of implementing the governmental tasks to increase efficiency of innovative sectors of economy

The term “innovation” was first used at the beginning of the 20th century by renowned economist Joseph Schumpeter meaning the changes aimed at implementing and using new types of consumer goods, new methods of production and vehicles, markets and forms of organization in industry. However, it is in recent years that the innovative sectors of economy have become noticeable in the national space of various countries on the political and economic map of the world. According to consultancies, the leading positions in the sector of innovation are held by digital companies. The slogan of one of them (Apple) – Think Different – is a most accurate reflection of the general logic of the intellectual and, ultimately, economic increment within innovative companies. The G8 and G20 countries increasingly often invest huge amounts in national projects aimed at supporting the relevant spheres of innovation. For instance, in Russia over 1 billion rubles was invested in innovative projects by governmental funds in 2019. The race for breakthrough science-and-research technologies creates a global competitive background for presenting the best innovative products to the global science-and-research community. At the same time, it should be recognized that the innovative sectors of national economies, due to the peculiarities of the organization and activities thereof, objectively cannot take an isolated position in relation to international cooperation in general and international mobility of researchers in particular. This article gives a critical analysis of the institution of international mobility of researchers looking at the example of the French Republic, a traditional leader in the field of science, research, technology and innovation.

How Financial Development Affects Economic Growth: Evidence from some SAARC Countries

According to Joseph Schumpeter (1911), services provided by financial intermediaries are essential for technical innovation and economic growth. Later, empirical work by Goldsmith (1969) and McKinnon (1973) supported that there were close ties between financial and economic development for a few countries. But numerous other economists, including Robinson (1952) believed that finance was not so important for economic growth; financial development simply follows economic growth. Despite this debate, Levine (1993), among others suggests a positive relationship between financial sector development and economic growth. Moreover, there remains further debate whether the country's financial structure exerts differential impact on economic growth. Empirical studies across the countries (Rajan and Zingales, 1999) suggest that banking sector plays a key role in some countries. In this paper, I intend to investigate whether higher levels of financial development are positively correlated with economic growth using empirical evidence from five South Asian countries namely Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. I have used Panel data analysis, Linear regression model, Levin-Lin-Chu unit root test, Covariance, Correlation and VIF test based on aggregate annual data from 1993 to 2016. My analysis suggests that development in banking sector has a moderately strong tie to promoting economic growth. The result implies that the policy should focus on banking sector development by enhancing its quality of credit products and offers to private sector as it is the main stimulator for growth in these five South Asian countries.

Innovation and R&D in Latin America and the Caribbean countries: a systematic literature review

After the groundbreaking works of Joseph Schumpeter, a burgeoning literature related to innovations emerged. As works in this tradition have progressed, the innovation literature has recognized that the keystone to stimulate innovation across all economies relies on Research and Development (R&D) activities. As well occur in all modern economies, innovation and R&D have drawn the attention of the academic literature and governments in Latin America and the Caribbean countries (LAC). However, the process of innovation and R&D investments in LAC have different signatures, which may result in a complex and fragmented literature. As a novelty, this research explains how innovation and R&D are fundamental in modern times and brings new systematic literature review of the state-of the-art in innovation and R&D in manufacturing industries across LAC. The results suggests that the LAC has great challenges and opportunities. The review demonstrates that after decades of investment, innovation and R&D gains prominence and firms invest more on these activities. However, the development and investment in these activities, especially considering the government support and firm cooperation are frustrating when compared to OECD countries and Asian Tigers’ economies, and yet much remains to be done by the governments.

Flujo circular y desenvolvimiento económico en el pensamiento monetario de Joseph Alois Schumpeter

El objetivo del articulo es examinar, desde una perspectiva teorica, la incidencia de la triada dinero-inversion-ahorro en el esquema schumpeteriano y analizar la naturaleza de los elementos que originan el desequilibrio. Se sostiene que el credito creado por los bancos durante la fase de desenvolvimiento modifica las condiciones bajo las cuales opera el mecanismo ahorro e inversion. Estas actividades se llevan a cabo por agentes distintos a los del flujo circular en el sentido en que la oferta de credito del sistema bancario puede ser ilimitada y los empresarios se caracterizan por poner en marcha innovaciones en la produccion en busqueda de una ganancia. La aparicion e implementacion de la innovacion implica un aumento del capital involucrado en la produccion, un incremento en el poder de compra que se traduce en un alza de precios y el surgimiento del interes bancario derivado de las ganancias esperadas por los empresarios innovadores.

Using the movie Joy to teach innovation and entrepreneurship

Film and video clips have been used in the classroom to bring economic concepts to life. The authors use the 2015 film Joy to animate Joseph Schumpeter’s The Theory of Economic Development, a foundational text on the theory of innovation and entrepreneurship that remains relevant for students today. They outline Schumpeter’s theory of innovation and entrepreneurship and connect it to various scenes in Joy that illustrate the key points Schumpeter seeks to make. Beyond its value as a teaching tool for making sense of Schumpeter's often dense prose, the authors argue that teaching Joy also can have a positive effect for undergraduate women in economics through its strong female protagonist.

Непрерывное образование как элемент инновационной модели Йозефа Шумпетера

The paper deals with the classic innovation model of Joseph Schumpeter, which identifies two main ways to overcome the economic crisis: stimulating economic growth and stimulating economic development. Given the state of the socio-economic environment, the most preferable today is the second approach that involves increasing entrepreneurial activity in society. However, the current education system does not always effectively cope with the task of forming and developing entrepreneurial competencies. It is concluded that lifelong learning can be considered the main format of entrepreneurial education. The paper attempts to consider lifelong learning as an element of Schumpeter’s innovation model, as well as to give its interpretation in the context of training and development approaches that exist within the framework of conceptual management models.

Teaching and learning Schumpeter: A dialogue between professor and student

Joseph Schumpeter's contributions to economics, including theories about innovation and entrepreneurship, creative destruction, and the debate over capitalism versus socialism, all remain relevant today. There is evidence, however, that Schumpeter's ideas have long received less attention in the classroom than they deserve given the importance economists attach to them. This paper provides a description of a discussion-based course on Schumpeter. Using a dialogue between professor and student before, during, and after the course, we describe the structure of the course and specific details related to content. We also include a syllabus, sources for class materials, and a list of over forty discussion questions. The dialogue allows us to show the dynamic nature of a discussion-based class, something we think Schumpeter would approve.

La crisis del estilo histórico de razonamiento económico:Joseph A. Schumpeter, Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen, y Paul A. Samuelson

En este artículo abordaré el declive del estilo histórico de razonamiento económico en relación con las obras de Joseph A. Schumpeter, Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen y Paul A. Samuelson. Argumentaré dos tesis básicas. La primera afirma que la teoría schumpeteriana de los ciclos de negocios es una respuesta en pespectiva histórica a la comprensión de las crisis económicas y, en consecuencia, cabe ser concebida como una instancia del estilo histórico de razonamiento económico. La segunda sostiene que el declive de este estilo histórico-económico estuvo asociado a la derrota intelectual de Schumpeter frente al keynesianismo. En la medida en que la teoría schumpeteriana de los ciclos de negocios y del empresario innovador requerían de la historia económica como el lugar último de fundamentación, su descrédito llevó aparejada la crisis del estilo histórico de razonamiento económico. Esta quiebra puso de relieve el conflicto de racionalidades económicas durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX y restó legitimidad epistemológica a la historia de la economía en beneficio de los análisis formales de tipo sincrónico.

Book review: Markus C. Becker, Thorbjørn Knudsen and Richard Swedberg (Eds.), The Entrepreneur-Classic Texts by Joseph A. Schumpeter

Markus C. Becker, Thorbjørn Knudsen and Richard Swedberg (Eds.), The Entrepreneur-Classic Texts by Joseph A. Schumpeter. Stanford University Press, 2011, ix + 368 pp., $35.00 (Paperback). ISBN: 9780804762830.

Российские инвестиции: интеллектуальная недостающая

<span>На примере статьи Б. Л. Лавровского, Е. А. Горюшкиной, Е. А. Шильцина «Инвестиционный ресурс экономического роста: не только количество» критически рассматриваются взгляды современных российских экономистов, ставящих под сомнение необходимость наращивания инвестиционных ресурсов и считающих возможным экономическое развитие России за счет повышения интеллектуальной составляющей и инновационного развития. Приводится сравнение российской нормы накопления и среднемирового значения по международным ценам, результаты которого говорят о необходимости роста инвестиций в российскую экономику, как минимум, в два раза. На примере ведущих экономик мира показано, что в долгосрочной перспективе темпы роста капитала опережают темпы роста ВВП, а предельная капиталоемкость имеет тенденцию к повышению, что свидетельствует о непреходящей и повышающей роли капитала как фактора развития экономики. Влияние научно-технического прогресса и инноваций на инвестиционный процесс анализируется с позиции теории созидательного разрушения Й. Шумпетера, согласно которой прогресс, воплощаемый в инновациях, создает спрос на новые товары и требует новой материальный базы для их производства и, соответственно, инвестиций. При этом традиционные товары лишаются спроса, а существующие активы по их производству оказываются невостребованными. Показано, что с позиции теории созидательного разрушения считать инновации фактором, ограничивающим потребность в инвестициях, нет никаких оснований.</span>

The Iconomics of New Developmentalism

ABSTRACT Current reviews of new developmentalism from a Political Economy perspective present its novelty in terms of a paradigm shift, a comparative analysis and a historical-ideological reconstruction. This paper reviews these complementary approaches so as to initiate an alternative, critical review of the new developmentalist agenda taking into consideration the emergence of yet another post-structuralist theory, namely, “iconomics”. The grounding of the iconomic perspective is a semiotic-sociological method inspired by the works of G.L.S. Shackle, Bernard Stiegler and Joseph Schumpeter. Knowledge-based theories of value, resilience and disruption are the key concepts that emerge out of this “iconomic” theoretical-methodological review which may lead to propositions in the field of economic policy, growth theory and political philosophy that extend the structuralist-developmentalist legacy. We propose an approach to the identification of developmentalism that supports a critical approach to the political economy of the ultraliberal, positivist and rational choice visions.

Gales, Streams, and Multipliers: Conceptual Metaphors and Theory Development in Business History

Conceptual metaphors, like Galambos and Amatori’s “entrepreneurial multiplier,” play a pivotal but largely unexamined role in historical interpretation. They do this by allowing historians to see one set of historical associations or relationships in terms of another, more familiar, one. I highlight this interpretive role by comparing Galambos and Amatori’s construct to Joseph Schumpeter’s “gale of creative destruction” and Arthur Cole’s “entrepreneurial stream” as metaphors that attempt to explain the relationship between entrepreneurship and historical change. I also point out the risks that taken-for-granted metaphors can have in narrowing room for interpretation, and argue that reflexivity and playfulness are essential to keeping conceptual metaphors alive as interpretive devices. I conclude by suggesting that metaphors are an intrinsic form of theorizing in historical interpretation, and illustrate my argument by briefly examining “industrial revolution” as a construct in business and economic history.

Creative Destruction and the Social (Re) Construction of Heritage

AbstractIn an era when war, acts of terror, and the potentially catastrophic effects of climate change loom large in the public conscience, the conservation community is grappling with the associated loss of the historic built environment and potential responses. But the built environment—at least some aspects of it—is becoming progressively obsolete due to environmental and social changes. Coastal sea-level rise, inefficient resource and land use, and the role of the built environment in perpetuating social exclusion raise questions about the potential value of destruction and the opportunities it affords for reframing spatial memory and historical narrative in more just and sustainable ways. The heritage field’s preoccupation with the physical, place-based fabric will be challenged in the face of this obsolescence, compelling a reexamination of attitudes toward destruction and reconstruction. This article borrows loosely from Joseph Schumpeter’s economic concept of creative destruction to explore the ways in which both innovation and new lenses on history and memory may be borne of change, loss, and obsolescence. Using the discourse surrounding past and contemporary North American cases, it examines some fundamental ideas regarding capital in the built environment and the economic value of destruction. It also explores the negative social consequences of destruction and the historical influence cum perspective of the heritage enterprise and posits potentially positive values and opportunities engendered through destruction. Finally, it reimagines how approaches to reconstruction by the heritage field may contribute to more socially just and sustainable futures.

슘페터와 기술혁신 : 「경제발전의 이론」 독일어 제1판의 주요 내용과 현대에 대한 시사점

슘페터는 혁신이론을 창시하여 현대사회의 방향을 제시한 ‘현대의 예언자’라 할 수 있다. 많은 사람이 그가 혁신과 기업가 정신을 강조한 시간을 그의 책 영문 번역본이 발간된 1934년으로 알고 있지만, 실제로는 지금부터 100여년도 넘은 그의 「경제발전의 이론」 독일어 초판본(제1판)이 발간된 1911년의 일이다.BR 이후 슘페터에 관한 연구가 활발히 진행되어 1970년대에는 ‘신슘페터주의자’들이 대두되었지만, 우리나라에서는 그의 이론에 관한 연구가 거의 없었다. 이런 배경 속에서 본 논문은 슘페터가 그의 「경제발전의 이론」 독일어 초판본에서 혁신과 기업가 정신 등과 관련하여 어떠한 주장을 펼쳤고 그것이 현대에 어떠한 시사점을 주고 있는가를 검토하는 것을 목표로 하고 있다.BR 슘페터는 주류경제학의 정태이론은 경제현실을 제대로 설명하지 못한다는 점을 전제로, 국가경제는 기업가에 의한 혁신, 즉 생산자원의 새로운 결합의 관철에 의해 발전해 나간다는 동태이론을 제시하였다. 그에 따르면, 기업가는 경제발전을 위해 생산자원의 조달이 필요하고, 이를 위해 신용을 필요로 하며, 혁신에 의한 미래가치 창출의 결과로 도출된 기업가 이윤이 중요하다. 또한, 그는 많은 기업가에 의한 혁신의 모방 및 군집 등으로 인하여 경제는 파동을 그리며 순환한다는 점을 강조한다.BR 슘페터의 주장은 자본주의가 발전한 이유를 잘 나타내 주고 있으며, 현대가 혁신기반경제라는 점에서 혁신과 경제발전의 주체인 기업가를 우대하여 기술혁신에 바탕을 둔 국가경제의 지속적 발전을 추구할 당위성을 제시해 준다.

Inovação tecnológica: perspectiva dialógica sob a ótica do Joseph Schumpeter

Este estudo tem como objetivo refletir sobre o conceito-chave de inovação tecnológica no campo da saúde e na área da Enfermagem numa perspectiva dialógica sob a ótica do Joseph Schumpeter. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa do tipo teórico-reflexivo, ancorado no conceito de inovação proposto pelo economista Schumpeter. As reflexões acerca da inovação tecnológica se ancoram em três categorias, sendo elas: “A tríade da variação econômica: o empresário, a inovação e o capital”; “inovação tecnológica e o campo da saúde” e “A Enfermagem como um mediador para a efetivação da inovação tecnológica”. Portanto, considera-se que deve haver a valorização das mentes criativas que se preocupam em desenvolver tecnologias que aprimorem o cuidado com vistas à qualidade assistencial e que promovem consequentemente a melhora nas condições de trabalho dos profissionais envolvidos na assistência, mas sem esquecer-se dos riscos que a incorporação tecnológica pode resultar e quando não consideradas podem resultar em possíveis iatrogênias.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution and Nigeria: A Policy Conundrum and High Stakes for the Future of the African Continent

This article argues that it is necessary to take into account political, cultural, and economic factors when evaluating potential responses to the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). This approach is similar to that taken by Joseph Schumpeter, who argued for the essential relevance of politics, culture and economics (1942). This article begins by identifying past national Information and Communication Technology (ICT) policies in Nigeria and their impact or lack thereof. It then seeks to identify the nexus that controls decision making in respect of ICT and responses to new technology, as well as which aspects of policy have been successful and unsuccessful. Finally, the article discusses the opportunities and challenges presented by the 4IR, with a focus on what a successful policy response would need to include and what might be the necessary pre-conditions for success.

Can Rationality in Economics and Sociology be Framed under Unified Common Principles?

In the 1939–1940 academic year, a small informal group of scholars and students conducted an interdisciplinary seminar on “Rationality in the Social Sciences” at Harvard University. Joseph Schumpeter and Talcott Parsons were the leading keynote speakers, and many of the participants were figures already well known or destined to become famous, such as Alfred Schutz (phenomenology), Rainer Schickele (economics), Abram Bergson, Gottfried Haberler, Wassily Leontief, and Paul Sweezy. The materia...

Integration of and Deliveries among the World Zionist Organization, Israel, and Diaspora Countries: System Articulation with the Social Fabric Matrix

:The religious economics (not economics of religion) concern here is the relationship between the World Zionist Organization (WZO) and Israel, which is known as a geopolitical power in its region and which is also known as an economic success story. Joseph Schumpeter and Karl Polanyi explained how the political economy of medieval Europe was influenced and guided by Christian morality. This paper extends the analysis of religious economics by using the social fabric matrix of original institutional economics to define and structure the integration of the WZO, Israel, and the Diaspora countries. This allows us to observe how to conduct such work and to learn how Israel is guided and influenced by the WZO. It also helps to explain Israel’s “risk of tearing itself apart” as noted in a recent article in the New York Times.

Эффективность труда педагогических работников с разным типом психологической готовности к инновациям

This article investigates the relationship between the effectiveness of educators’ work and their predominant type of psychological innovative readiness. Terms “innovation” and “psychological innovative readiness” are seen from the point of view of Vladimir Myasishchev’s Theory of Relations and Joseph Schumpeter’s Business Cycles. In addition to the basic experimental hypotheses, this study also tests the assumption regarding the variable efficiency of labour incentives. The history of labour incentives for educators cannot be considered separately from the psychological aspects of educators’ professional activities. In the Russian Federation, the study of the relationship between the administrative and financial aspects of teachers’ activities and their effectiveness in the context of innovative transformation has become especially relevant since 2012, when addenda to labour contracts — the so-called “effective contracts” — were introduced into educational institutions. These effective contracts prescribed additional criteria for educators’ activities, aimed at increasing their efficiency in the context of innovative transformation, i. e. the introduction of new educational standards, new information and communication technologies and organizational changes. Based on Myasishchev’s Theory of Relations, a new understanding of psychological innovative readiness is proposed. Its novelty stems from (1) its structural positioning within employee’s relation framework: their relations to the image of their professional activities, their competence and role; and (2) the investigation of each type of innovative readiness in terms of Schumpeter’s Business Cycles. The object of the study was a team of educators that worked under externally driven innovation conditions for three academic years. The results of the study revealed the relationship between the dominant type of teacher’s psychological innovative readiness and their effectiveness in a situation of systemic organizational changes, as well as an organizational and psychological profile of an effective innovator.