Empire Of Japan Research Articles

Problematyka korupcji w polskim kodeksie karnym na tle klarownych regulacji japońskich

The article is devoted to the analysis of the selected aspects of bribery, especially office’s bribery and commercial bribery as a typical White-Collar Crime in the comparative law approach. The author presents the description of the mentioned type of crimes in Polish CC in relation to the regulations in the Empire of Japan’s legislation pointing out similarities and differences.

‘The Danger is Two-Fold’: Decolonisation and Cold War in Anti-Communist Asia, 1955–7

ABSTRACTThis article examines the intersection between the Cold War and decolonisation in anti-Communist Asia in the 1950s. Drawing on the papers of former South Korean President Syngman Rhee housed at Yonsei University, the article explores both the motivations behind as well as the constraints upon South Korea's efforts to cultivate a military alliance in what it called ‘Free Asia’. Articulating some of the concrete political differences between South Korea and its potential partners in Asia, the article argues that Rhee's hardline views of the Cold War were interwoven with his ambivalence about Japan's reintegration in the post-war world. As a result of this intersection between the Cold War and decolonisation, the South Korean President was unable to achieve consensus with the rest of anti-Communist Asia. In exploring this chapter of South Korean diplomacy, the article calls on Cold War diplomatic history to integrate non-Communist Asia and for the historiography of decolonisation to investigate the legacies of Japan's empire in post-war Asia. It also suggests that scholars ought to reflect more deeply on the interrelationship between the Cold War and decolonisation.

The Constitution and the Military in the Empire of Japan: With a Critical Review in the Constitution of the Empire of Japan

The Constitution and the Military in the Empire of Japan: With a Critical Review in the Constitution of the Empire of Japan

Re-imagining the Empire of Japan through Japanese Schoolboy Uniforms

Japanese kimono and the Japanese schoolboy uniform continue to interact with, and interrogate, global fashions as contemporary designers continue to call on the tropes of ‘military chic’ (Tonchi) and Japanese-inspired clothing (Kawamura).

Re-imagine

Re-imagine

이미지의 힘 : 근대일본에 있어 이미지의 보급

이미지의 힘 : 근대일본에 있어 이미지의 보급

Embellishing Wang-In: Connections and Variations of Nationalism and Colonialism

It has been a while here in Korea that Wang-In(王仁) of Baekje Dynasty has been getting the spotlight as a national hero who transmitted the Thousand-Character Text(千字文) and advanced culture to the ancient Japan. The Historic Site of Wang-In in YeongAm-gun;JeollaNam-do province;which claimed to be his birthplace despite the lack of any reliable historical evidence. It has been the host to large-scale commemorative spring and autumn festivals. In this Site;there are variety of monuments and artifacts;including a handwriting by the former President Kim Dae-Jung.BR Initially;Wang-In was an ‘obscure figure,’ virtually unknown throughout the whole period of Korean traditional history. It was not until the colonial period by the Empire of Japan that the embellishments began extensively. Two of the representative cases were the Alleged Cemetery of Wang-In in Hirakata near Osaka and the Monument of Wang-In at Ueno Park in Tokyo.BR This study points out that it would be extremely dangerous to portray Wang-In as a leading figure of Korean nationalism;without serious criticisms on the embellishments imposed as part of the colonial policy of Naesonilche(內鮮一體;Korea and Japan are One);since he is viewed as a pro-Japan of the colonial memory in Japan. Based on these considerations;this study examines the connections and variations between colonialistic origin in Japan and nationalistic resurrection in Korea on the embellishment of Wang-In.

Characteristics of the Japanese Constitution: An Overview

The first constitution of Japan, called the Meiji Constitution (formally, Constitution of the Empire of Japan), was enacted in 1889.11 See . See also the ...

A chrysanthemum in the garden: a Christian kindergarten in the Empire of Japan

This is a study of the contribution of Christian missionaries to kindergarten education in the Empire of Japan. The study concerns an American Missionary woman, Annie L. Howe (1852–1943) and her kindergarten in Kobe, Japan. Annie L. Howe had a great impact on the history of early childhood education and is still remembered as the “Mother of Christian Kindergartens” in Japan. The study examines the practical difficulties and barriers to the dissemination of the ideas of kindergarten education and the development of a Christian kindergarten in the period 1887–1927. The themes highlighted include education and modernisation; Christian kindergartens and kindergarten education; Christianity and the Imperial Rescript on Education; and Froebelian theory and the education of young children in the Empire of Japan. Annie L. Howe’s personal experience of 40 years of struggles and successes in her kindergarten yielded powerful messages regarding how teaching, learning and pedagogic discourse were developed in the Empire of Japan not just by the decisions of a Christian and kindergartner, but also by local and national pressures, education policy, the balance of political control, and culture and history.

Yukiko Koshiro. Imperial Eclipse: Japan's Strategic Thinking about Continental Asia before August 1945.

In Imperial Eclipse, Yukiko Koshiro argues that “[u]nder the US military occupation, the Pacific War narrative eclipsed Japan's Eurasian worldview and produced Japan's postwar amnesia about its colonial empire.” Aiming to “restore the comprehensive landscape of Japan's war,” Koshiro “returns the Soviet Union to the scene and renames the conflict the Eurasian-Pacific War” (p. 1). The book's central argument is that toward the end of the war, “Japanese war planners concluded that the Soviet Union had significant connections with regional nationalists that could help check US hegemonic ambitions in East Asia,” and “[t]hey hoped that Soviet presence in the region would achieve a desirable balance of power vacuum created by the fall of Japan's empire” (p. 2). The first two chapters suggest the forgotten yet substantial presence of Russians in Japan, and Japan's historical affinity to it. The following two chapters demonstrate that in the early stages of the war with China, Japanese military officers and diplomats were getting accurate information on the strength of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), its tensions with the USSR, and their respective influences in Korea. The next three chapters, on the process of ending the war, argue that these officers and bureaucrats knew that the USSR would eventually join the war and attack Japan.

복종과 저항 우치무라 간조(內村鑑三)의 애국심에 대한 일고찰

Modern Japan as we know it today is the result of the shock of Western imperialism which opened the country to foreign intercourse. Uchimura Kanzo lived at a time when the country attained national unification as a Tenno system state. Japan - which was an object of patriotism for Uchimura - promoted a religious authority referred to as the Tenno system that was created under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan(大日本帝國憲法, DaiNippon Teikoku Kenpo) and the Imperial Rescript on Education(敎育勅語, Kyoiku Chokugo). The system required the loyalty and obedience of a ‘subject (臣民)’. In other words, under the Tenno system Japanese people (namely "subjects") were locked in a framework of ‘implicit obedience’ as a national structure, in which loyalty to the nation meant unconditional obedience. Rather than unconditional loyalty, Uchimura viewed the responsibility of a Christian to the state as one based on obedience or resistance according to conscience. However, limited by the barrier of nationalism, Uchimura’s patriotism prevented him from crossing the races barrier, as should be obvious from his Korean recognition.

Modern Design in Taiwan: The Japanese Period, 1895–1945

Introduction The goal of this study is to determine how Taiwanese design culture during the Japanese colonial period became integrated with Western styles and what the major influences in this process were. It takes as its subject the graphic design works of the Japanese colonial period and explores how design forms that were popular in the west from 1920 to 1930 were introduced by the Japanese to Taiwan. This study also investigates how these styles were imitated and transplanted to the island. Also of concern is the influence of these styles on the development and popularization of modern design in Taiwan. One of the primary goals of this paper is to understand the formation and development of modern Japanese design, as well as the process of its adoption. In addition, the process by which Japan learned Western design through the organization and analysis of textual materials is a central question which this research wishes to address. It also analyzes the background of modern Taiwanese design’s development during the Japanese colonial period. Secondly, this collects and examines graphic design materials from the colonial period. It then organizes and analyzes the sample research materials obtained according to style and form. This research contrasts the earliest western and Japanese graphic design styles and, finally, makes specific inductions concerning the influences on the particular characteristics of Taiwanese design’s appearance and style in its development. After the Meiji Restoration began in 1867, the Japanese government pursued an understanding of Western civilization so that it might rapidly increase the scope of its modernization. Catching up with the Western imperial countries was one of the primary objectives of this movement, and in which art, culture, and design were, of course, important dimensions of this reform. The Japanese government wanted to learn and, more importantly, to introduce and promote Western artistic trends to the homeland. After the Treaty of Shimonoseki was signed in 1895, the Qing Dynasty ceded Taiwan to the Empire of Japan, beginning a 50-year Japanese colonial rule of the island that lasted until 1945. During the Japanese colonial period, Taiwan’s political environment was

Integrating Eastern Programme Features in Western Community Policing: Balancing Individual Freedom and Collective Wellbeing

The community policing innovation was conceptualised on the basis of the Japanese koban system. It was introduced to the USA to democratise policing. However, the Empire of Japan initially learned modern policing from Western countries. In collaboration with the intelligence services, koban community policing effectively prevented crime as well as anti-government activities. The strategy was successfully replicated in Taiwan and Korea, the two colonies of Japan before World War II. The koban system has been transformed to become a strategy that delivers police services to citizens and simultaneously sustains national security while collaborating with the intelligence services. Western community policing programmes intensify police service delivery to citizens. In the post-9/11 era, the influence of federal law enforcement has expanded to include a collaborative and occasionally superseding role. If balancing individual freedom and collective wellbeing becomes possible in Western countries, Eastern communi...

Systematic government access to private-sector data in Japan

National legal context and fundamental principles After the Meiji Restoration in 1867, Japan started adopting Western-style legal systems, especially from Germany, or Prussia. Japan needed to place the reins of government back in the hands of the Emperor from the rule of the Shoguns of the Tokugawas. However, the Emperor was not to become an absolute ruler but the head of a constitutional monarchy comprising independent legislative, executive, and judicial branches. Leaders of the Meiji Restoration needed the Emperor as a symbol of a new political system, but tried to retain actual power in their own hands. Prussia was an example of such a system. Other social systems were mixtures of other Western traditions. For example, the road system was adopted from the United Kingdom. Japan still drives on the left. The attempt of the Empire of Japan to become a regional hegemon was defeated by Japan’s losing of the Second World War, which ended in 1945. The General Headquarters (GHQ) of the Allied Forces occupied the main four islands of Japan until 1952, while Okinawa was kept under the military administration of the United States until 1972. GHQ broke down many of the extant political, economic, and social systems in order to transform Japan to a more peaceful and democratic state. However, GHQ did not abolish the imperial system. This means that Japan’s current legal system retains elements of the prewar systems.

Selling an Imperial Dream: Japanese Pharmaceuticals, National Power, and the Science of Quinine Self-Sufficiency

This article examines Hoshi Pharmaceuticals' attempt to cultivate cinchona, the raw material for the antimalarial drug quinine, in the mountains of Taiwan during the 1930s and 1940s. Hoshi Hajime, the founder and president of the company, pitched a “humanitarian” vision of quinine self-sufficiency for Japan's empire centered on providing indigenous tribes with food and education in exchange for their land and labor. This vision appealed to a wide range of actors, including police officials and government bureaucrats, who argued over how to civilize the aboriginal population; botanists and agricultural companies, who pondered over how to further exploit the untapped potential of the island's tropical environment; and doctors and bureaucrats concerned with the supply of quinine to civilian and military personnel as the wartime empire expanded into Southeast Asia. Hoshi's cinchona cultivation project was a metaphor for the technocratic and utopian promise of Japan's colonial empire. By tracing the project from its earliest beginnings to its postcolonial afterlife, I examine the complex connections between science, capitalism, and nationalism, situating colonial concerns in a web of global influences and inspirations.

Ewolucja polityki bezpieczeństwa Japonii po zimnej wojnie. Od „państwa moratorium” do strategicznej „normalności"

The security policy of the Empire of Japan in the post-World War II period is a subject of interest among both policymakers and International Relations scholars. There are two basic reasons for that. The first one comes from the traditionally important position occupied by this state in regional balance of power in Asia. The second reason comes from a fact, that at the beginning of the Cold War, Japanese leaders adapted a peculiar foreign policy and security strategy, based on disavowal of the instrument of force and limitation of the defence potentian to the indispensable minimum. This policy stood in contrast to with the common practices of the Cold War international order. It was also difficult to explain from the perspective of traditional IR theory (based on political realism), which states that the rise of state's economic power should lead to great power aspirations and intensive arms build-up. It is intriguing, that the fundamental transformation of the international order, brought by the end of the Cold War, initiated a process of change in Japanese security policy, which leads in exactly opposite direction.

The Thought of Chosun intellectual about Japan Empire by A Case of MORI KAINAN(森槐南) in 1905~1910

The Thought of Chosun intellectual about Japan Empire by A Case of MORI KAINAN(森槐南) in 1905~1910

THE HISTORY OF TAIWANMarriage and Mandatory Abortion among the 17th-century Siraya. John Robert ShepherdHow Taiwan Became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish, and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century. Tonio AndradeThe Colonial "Civilizing Process" in Dutch Formosa, 1624–1662. Chiu HsinhuiTaiwan in Japan's Empire Building: An Institutional Approach to Colonial Engineering. Hui-yu Caroline Ts'ai

Previous articleNext article No AccessReview EssayTHE HISTORY OF TAIWAN Marriage and Mandatory Abortion among the 17th-century Siraya. John Robert Shepherd How Taiwan Became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish, and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century. Tonio Andrade The Colonial "Civilizing Process" in Dutch Formosa, 1624–1662. Chiu Hsinhui Taiwan in Japan's Empire Building: An Institutional Approach to Colonial Engineering. Hui-yu Caroline Ts'ai J. Bruce JacobsJ. Bruce Jacobs Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The China Journal Volume 65January 2011 Published on behalf of the Australian Centre on China in the World at the Australian National University Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/tcj.65.25790564 Views: 553Total views on this site Citations: 2Citations are reported from Crossref © The China JournalPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Jean-Pierre Himpler The World Financial Crisis: Impacts on GDP and International Trade in Taiwan, (Jun 2018).https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.74536Chin-Feng Lin, Chen-Su Fu Changes in tourist personal values: impact of experiencing tourism products and services, Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research 22, no.22 (Jul 2016): 173–186.https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2016.1208670

The Flow of Portland Cement, Japanese Architects and Architectural Information within the Territory Ruled by the Empire of Japan in the First Half of the Twentieth Century

The Flow of Portland Cement, Japanese Architects and Architectural Information within the Territory Ruled by the Empire of Japan in the First Half of the Twentieth Century

Troubled Apologies among Japan, Korea, and the United States (review)

Reviewed by: Troubled Apologies among Japan, Korea, and the United States Sarah Kovner Troubled Apologies among Japan, Korea, and the United States. By Alexis Dudden. New York: Columbia University Press, 2008. 184 pp. $40.00 (cloth). In recent years, the legacies of Northeast Asia's troubled twentieth century have been the subject of social activism, political posturing, and increasing academic scrutiny. Flashpoints like high-level political visits to the Yasukuni Shrine regularly cause diplomatic imbroglios, while the struggle of the military comfort women to receive recognition and compensation has provoked nationalist fervor. While not subject to the same unceasing press coverage, the question of who owns Dokdo (Takeshima) has been publicized on dry-cleaning packaging and Korean restaurant menus. The larger subject of memory and commemoration has been a central concern of historians for the last quarter century. Alexis Dudden's latest book, based mainly on South Korean, Japanese, and U.S. web sites and media coverage, analyzes how each government has maneuvered within this arena, using apologies for their own political purposes. Rather than making an intervention in the scholarly literature, this book addresses a broader audience. The argument unfolds through a series of case studies on Dokdo, apologies, "illegal Japan," and history. The Dokdo question demonstrates how diplomatic maneuvering leaves an opening for governments to stoke populist nationalism. The 1951 San Francisco peace treaty that ended the Allied Occupation did not mention the islands in its definition of Korea, thus allowing the Japanese to stake their claim. South Koreans, meanwhile, point to Dokdo's appearance on various sixth- and seventh-century maps to claim it as their own. Dudden stresses the U.S. role in evading the issue in 1951, but does not herself come down in favor of either South Korea or Japan. Dudden's treatment of apologies is more provocative. She argues that they have become increasingly common in international relations as a means for governments to underscore their legitimacy. Japan, [End Page 362] often thought to be a laggard in apologizing, has in fact apologized with alacrity. But as long as politicians regularly contradict these sentiments in popular books and speeches to their own people, this international discourse will remain self-serving. Dudden's broad-strokes treatment of this complex question, however, sometimes leads her to draw dubious analogies. She writes, for instance, that "Germans deliberated their nation's attempted annihilation of the Jews but not the firebombing of Dresden, whereas Japanese ruminated on the wastelands of Hiroshima and Tokyo at the cost of confronting Japan's devastation of large parts and populations of Asia" (p. 36). The Nazis' attempted annihilation of fellow citizens would appear to present a special case, and debates in both countries in recent years have become more complex and more sophisticated. Dudden's first book, Japan's Colonization of Korea: Discourse and Power (University of Hawai'i Press, 2004), was deeply concerned with international law in legitimizing Japan's empire, and Troubled Apologies returns to the same subject. This discussion might have benefited from greater attention to the international context and the extensive scholarly literature, but Dudden makes some important points. For example, she shows that governments have not allowed Japan's wartime sexual enslavement of Korean women to interfere with diplomatic relations in the same way as visits to Yasukuni or claims to Dokdo. For a slim volume, Troubled Apologies is rich with insights. Readers interested in U.S. history, for instance, will also be interested in her analysis of U.S. control of information on Hiroshima and nuclear testing in the South Pacific. Ultimately Dudden argues that apologies are a way to invent the nation in the international system and that victims should also have a say. While her book raises many more questions than it answers and will provoke debate, it is well worth reading for specialists, for twentieth-century historians, and for general readers interested in a deeper understanding of the politics of history. Sarah Kovner University of Florida Copyright © 2010 University of Hawai'i Press