Italian Texts Research Articles

Vion d’Alibray teorico del teatro: la Prefazione “Au Lecteur” nel “Soliman”, ‘traduzione’ della tragedia di Prospero Bonarelli (1637: quando «un Cid […] a charmé tout Paris»)

This article presents Charles Vion d’Alibray’s Préface to his translation of Prospero Bonarelli’s tragedy, Solimano. Vion’s long préfaces to his French translations of contemporary Italian theatre – to Tasso’s Aminta and Torrismondo, and to Cesare Cremonini’s Le pompe funebri, here reproduced and commented are a significant testimony of the theatrical querelles between 1620 and 1640. Prospero Bonarelli’s Solimano is the last Italian text translated by Vion (1637) and, unlike the other tragedies, it seemed that it was published without a preface (so it was reprinted in modern times). However, Soliman’s preface has finally been found: curiously, it was printed in a few examples of the same edition, with the same Privilège du Roy. It is a rich and interesting text, containing references to letters written by Bonarelli himself, and above all explicitly aware of the particular moment when Solimano was translated: the moment when the “temps des Préfaces” evoked by G. Dotoli was dissolving, while Corneille’s “temps” begins, dominating the French scenes with the first, stunning performance of his Cid, as Vion himself admits and declares.

Unnatural and degenerate: Cases of monstrous motherhood in Matteo Bandello’s Novelle (1554) and Geoffrey Fenton’s Tragicall Discourses (1567)

The following article takes into consideration two cases of early modern female ‘monstrosity’ drawn from the Italian collection of Novelle published by Matteo Bandello in 1554. The events recount the stories of two mothers who, seized by ‘unnatural’ folly, kill in cold blood their own offspring. The article tackles the conflicting concepts of normality and malady, putting this ambiguous opposition in relation with the consequent translations of the Novelle in French and in English. The shifts that appear in the translations reveal a deep preoccupation with definitions of malady, be they physical or cultural. Through a close analysis of the original Italian text and its English rendition written by Geoffrey Fenton in 1567, this article sheds light on the troubled relationship of English translators with ‘Italianated’ thus ‘degenerate’ customs, and on their authorial and textual strategies to pre-empt the infectious potential of their Italian sources.

Gender and Voice in Medieval French Literature and Song ed. by Rachel May Golden and Katerine Kong

Reviewed by: Gender and Voice in Medieval French Literature and Song ed. by Rachel May Golden and Katerine Kong Juliana Starr Golden, Rachel May, and Katerine Kong, eds. Gender and Voice in Medieval French Literature and Song. UP of Florida, 2021. ISBN 978-0-8130-6903-6. Pp. 310. This collection, comprised of an introduction by the editors and ten essays, traces the gendered manifestations and meanings of voice in France and Occitania, from the twelfth century until the early sixteenth century. The volume views medieval France as a locus of new trends in travel, trade, and cross-cultural encounters and as a hotspot of artistic ingenuity, including experimentation with French and Occitan (newly valued vernaculars), the productions of learned, Latinate scholars and scribes, the blossoming of troubadour and trouvère lyric, liturgical innovations that responded to changing needs, and the formation of the polyphonic song. Through such utterances—in song, liturgy, romances, letters, treatises, and sermons—medieval people cultivated their performative and political selves, shaping contemporaneous belief systems about gender. Most chapters engage in the important work of recuperating female-voiced genres, restoring female voice and subjectivity to their rightful place in medieval French literature and lyric. In chapter 1, however, Katherine Kong examines the exercise of Lancelot’s masculine voice in Chrétien de Troyes’s Le chevalier de la charrette, not as constitutive of a universal gendered subjectivity but rather to consider how its privileged status overrides abject, liminal, and subjugated performances of voice. In chapter 2, Tamara Bentley Caudill examines how gendered voices operate within conventions of particular troubadour lyric genres like the tenso and canso, while reinforcing and challenging gendered expectations. In chapter 3, Anne Adele Levitsky explores how the troubadour Aimeric de Peguilhan challenges gender binaries in his classification of song genres, by distinguishing grammatical gender from socially constructed notions of song types. In chapter 4, Meghan Quinlan examines two linked trouvère songs and traces their poetic-musical interrelationships. Chapter 5, by Rachel May Golden, focuses on two anonymous trouvère lament songs that develop the voice’s capacity to engage with and reinterpret losses stemming from crusading contexts. In chapter 6, Lydia M. Walker examines how bishop Jacques de Vitry (d. 1240) strategically constructs a preaching voice, developing vivid imagery and vocabulary to persuasively perform sermons in support of the Fifth Crusade. In chapter 7, Lisa Colton demonstrates the distinctive polyphonic construction of the motet as a community of voices in dialogue, one that allowed composers to interact with and comment upon past conventions, create multiple registers of gendered expressivity, and newly negotiate the vocalization of striking and highly personal emotions against ecclesiastic regulations for controlling such utterances. Anna Kathryn Grau, in chapter 8, employs close musico-poetic readings of female voices within motets to uncover nuanced gendered readings. Emily J. Hutchinson, in chapter 9, locates in the textual voice [End Page 195] of Christine de Pizan acts of gendered and political resistance. Finally, chapter 10, by Daisy Delogu, examines the early sixteenth-century court of Queen Claude of France where Anne de Graville, in an act of “voiceover,” boldly adapts the work of Boccaccio, appropriating a male-authored Italian text into her own romance intended for a female patron and public. This expertly researched and crafted collection is highly recommended to all interested in the complex relationships between gender and voice in medieval French culture. [End Page 196] Juliana Starr University of New Orleans (LA) Copyright © 2022 American Association of Teachers of French

Are universities ready to deliver digital skills and competences? A text mining-based case study of marketing courses in Italy

We still know little about the role of higher education in the digital transformation. If on one side the labor market is constantly evolving and is asking for an up-skilling process of the workforce, higher education institutions struggle to be agile enough. Therefore, it is necessary to measure and to better understand this gap.In this paper, we describe a quantitative approach to deal with this problem, focusing on the marketing sector. Through text mining, we develop a model of automatic job competencies extraction from Italian texts. We use it to retrieve the skills expressed both in the exam's descriptions of universities and the job vacancies.The results allow us to compare the skills offered by higher education with the labor market's needs in Italy, exploring and highlighting the digital gaps existing between the two.

Italy in Philip Massinger’s The Maid of Honour

This article discusses Philip Massinger’s The Maid of Honour, showing how this tragicomedy set in Italy is resonant of stories, ideas, theories and characters from the Italian literary and cultural tradition. On the one hand, I will shed light on Massinger’s use of an Italian ambience, concentrating on the choice of Palermo and Siena as a setting. The pseudo-historic setting of the play may be seen as a pretext to dramatize the author’s moral needs and convey a form of political ideology, which reflects the social tensions and the political concerns of the period. On the other hand, I will discuss the different forms of legacy from the Italian world, focusing on the cultural forces, and the moral and ideological motivations behind the playwright’s choice of the genre of his play, the changes concerning plot, setting and the characters’ names in the original Italian text on which the tragicomedy is based. Moreover, this tragicomedy, characterized by a profound didactic and moral intent, also seems to combine some elements of the late 16th century commedia grave, mainly in the presence of an exemplary female protagonist, Camiola, who embodies the providential spirit of the Counter-Reformist attitudes in vogue in the period. Finally, I will examine the way an image of Italy is portrayed through language, analyzing the very marginal occurrence of the Italian language and the presence of Latin words and tags.

The Relation Between the Difficulty of Italian Texts and Language Level in the Reading Skill

This study aims to show the readability limits of the B and C language level Italian texts, which can be used for the reading assessment and the characteristics they depend on. For this purpose, 184 Italian texts used in the certification exams of the KPG system were analysed in an attempt to reveal the main traits (quantitative, lexical and syntactic) of the texts defining their readability and their correlation with the language level for which they are intended. The correlation analysis indicated that cognitive characteristics are more important than quantitative characteristics, while a high correlation of lexical variables with B1 and B2 levels and syntactic variables with C1 and C2 levels emerged.

Multilingual Literature of the United States

Like the Russian Federation, the United States is a multilingual, multicultural society. A nation of immigrants and indigenous peoples, it has produced a rich body of literature in dozens of languages in addition to English that scholars have only in recent decades begun to pay attention to. Of particular note are texts in Spanish, Yiddish, Chinese, French, Hebrew, German, Arabic, Norwegian, Welsh, Greek, Turkish, Italian, Korean, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Vietnamese and numerous American Indian languages. In this paper we observe the most significant texts of multilingual American literature. The corpus of literary works shows us, that despite Americans pervasive and enduring xenolinguaphobia - aversion to other languages - the United States, like other large countries, is a heterogeneous amalgam. Ignoring the variety of works written in languages other than English impoverishes the national culture and handicaps serious readers.

Verbal folklore in contemporary southern Italy: a not-so-distant mirror of cultural and environmental change

AbstractThe socio-cultural and environmental shifts that have taken place in southern Italy over the last 30 years can usefully be traced by their impact on folkloric texts which present modifications that tend to emerge progressively over time. An analysis of such modifications to a body of southern Italian folkloric texts – as used in practice over the last three decades – finds that these reflect and are driven by changes in the people's living environment denoting a cultural dilution and a growing distance between people and the natural world, particularly the land. These modifications also expose a shift of emphasis from ends (e.g. food) to means (e.g. money), indicating increased commercial dependence driven by socio-economic changes. These changes are also reflected in folkloric texts which demonstrate a decline of direct, physical experience of some aspects of the natural world while including references relating to the local environment. Understanding these processes allows us to gauge the extent to which verbal folklore connects contemporary societies to past knowledge.

VENUS GALLERY PROJECT BY YURI KOLOGRIVOV: THE LIST IN ITALIAN

This article supplements what is known about the project to createan exhibition space for the Classical art collection at one of Peter theGreat’s suburban palaces (either in Kadriorg or Strelna). The projectwas proposed by Yuri Kologrivov (1680/1685–1754), whose main taskwas to source pieces of both modern and ancient art in Rome. A letterdetailing the plans has survived and consists of the followings items:1) a textual description (which has been published several times); 2) adrawing of the interior; 3) a scheme with statues numbered and listed onthe same sheet; and 4) an additional page in Italian, which has not beenpublished until now. This sheet contains a list of the purchased statuesin Italian. It was probably meant for Nicola Michetti, the architect incharge of the palace construction. The Italian text contains Gruppiwhich allows us to correct point 6 of the list in Russian, where inplace of Труп Венусовых забав (incomprehensible The Corpse of Venus’Amusements) one should read Груп Венусовых забав (The Group of Venus’Amusements, probably Venus and Cupid playing with a dove). Someother new details are discovered: the statues were divided into twokinds (‘statue isolate’ and ‘statue non isolate’, i.e. for display in niches);and six statues left without specification in point 9 of the list in Russianmust have represented male characters (Sign<ori>).

ЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНО-ОЦЕНОЧНЫЕ МОДЕЛИ СПОРТИВНОГО МЕДИАДИСКУРСА

This article considers the phenomenon of emotional evaluation in sports media discourse, with a particular focus on its stylistic features in the English and Italian languages. The topic has received much attention recently due to the growing interest both in sports and in the ways emotional evaluation is expressed in different types of discourse. Our study is based on sports media texts published by 17 English newspapers and 11 Italian periodicals during the 2020 UEFA European Championship. Continuous sampling revealed 1444 cases of emotional evaluation expressed by means of epithets: 720 and 724 units in the English and Italian texts, respectively. A comparative survey of the language units selected as the ones expressing the subjective attitudes of the authors of the newspaper articles was conducted. The textual features of the newspaper articles were examined. The meaning of each unit and its most likely semantic interpretation were determined by the method of semantic analysis. The contextual use of the units was revealed by the method of contrastive stylistic analysis. The obtained results led to a number of generalizations. They demonstrated that epithets are widely used to express emotional evaluations and thus effectively influence interlocutors in sports media discourse. Furthermore, the comparative analysis showed that English and Italian linguistic cultures are generally similar in terms of expressing subjective evaluations, both positive and negative, which could indicate the universality of sports events coverage and commentary. Finally, we found that the models of emotional evaluation typical of sports discourse that are based on the use of epithets can be considered universal categories employed to describe other stylistic devices and tropes as well.

Angelo Colò and the Metamorphosis of Animal Magnetism in Italy between 18th and 19th Century

Puységur’s rediscovery of magnetic somnambulism is regarded by historians of psychology as a watershed moment in the history of animal magnetism and psychotherapy, and one which paves the way to hypnosis. The complex evolution of magnetism between the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century has been the subject of interesting studies in recent years, despite the fact that classical historiography often reduced it to the linear succession from Mesmer to Puységur. However, this evolution has not been studied for the Italian case, which offers interesting insights into certain dynamics of the spread of animal magnetism. It is worth contextualising the evolution of this phenomenon within very different contexts, cultures and forms of socialisation and dissemination of ideas between the two centuries. Angelo Colò’s Prodromo sull’azione salutare del magnetismo animale e della musica was published in Bologna in 1815. Although still unknown even to scholars of the history of animal magnetism, the text was fundamental to the spread of somnambulism in Italy at the dawn of the nineteenth century, and it shared with Italian scholars the work of the German magnetizers, who developed the discipline after the French Revolution. The book by Angelo Colò is illustrative of a new animal magnetism, distant both from the theorizations and the figure of Mesmer, and its analysis helps us to understand how the discipline changed at the turn of the century. A comparison between Colò’s book and previous Italian texts on animal magnetism, such as those of Francois Amedee Doppet from 1784, and of Count Carlo Matteo Litta Biumi Resta from 1792, tells us of the gradual evolution of the discipline. Thus, focusing on what happened in Italy, a forgotten country for the history of mesmerism, we can analyze the paths of a transforming discipline.

ITALIANS AND OTHERS IN THE SHADOW OF ABDULHAMID KHAN

Shortly after Abdulhamid II had become padishah, a book that would prove to be highly influential would be published by the Milanese Treves publishing house: "Costantinopoli" by Edmondo De Amicis. This travel account that shows the influence of earlier French writing (Lamartine, Flaubert, Nerval and others) may be considered the Italian key text on the formative years of Abdulhamid during the reign of Abdulaziz. Not only Italian travelers would be strongly influenced by his impressions and descriptions, but also many European tourists would look at the Ottoman court and capital through his eyes. It can be supposed that the sovereign himself showed a great interest in foreign travel accounts. He certainly did as far as the Italian presence in his state is concerned. He well knew that the Italian presence in Constantinople (Pera, Galata) preceded the city’s Ottoman conquest, this making it the oldest ethnic group – if it is allowed to speak of Venetians, Genoese and many others as a nation, while in reality they had quite recently joined in a process of nation building – after the original Greek population. Not only that: the Italian states had been business partners from the Late Middle Ages (as well as military antagonists). The sympathetic Italian outlook on Constantinople will have contributed in a notable way to the Sultan’s benevolence vis-à-vis Italian culture. Orientalist tendencies in Italian art such as represented by some of Verdi’s operas or Donizetti Pasha’s musical creations, excellent painters such as Zonaro, architects as D’Aronco, tailors as Parma were much welcomed and supported by the Sultan whose keen interest in European culture and technical know-how would be unjustly overshadowed by his political conservatism and his struggle for autonomy as a world leader. Thanks to his efforts contemporary Ottoman culture will find its place among the nations. In this article we will examine some prominent Italian artists and their creations for the Ottoman court.

Gli usi dell’articolo e del pro-aggettivo in alcuni tipi di sintagmi nominali italiani a confronto con lo sloveno

The article focuses on the relationship between postmodifiers in the form of noun phrases, relative and content clauses, and the use of articles or pro-adjectives in the nominal heads. The results of a qualitative analysis of Slovene and Italian texts and their translations into Italian and Slovene are presented, the main purpose of which was to identify markers of definiteness in Slovene and to predict the use of articles in Italian, thus showing the possibilities for Slovenes to express themselves appropriately in Italian. Assuming that definiteness is a universal category and therefore recognisable also in languages without articles (Slovene), and considering the author and the translator ideal speakers of Slovene and/or Italian, the Slovene texts served as the starting point of each analysis, while the Italian texts played the role of control. An article use is defined as cataphoric if the content of the postmodifier contributes to the definite interpretation of its head. Subordinate noun phrases can be divided into conceptual and argumentative. In Italian, the former, expressing a non-entity, are marked by a zero article and form a semantic unit with their heads, whereas the latter, expressing an entity, are marked by an article (included the zero one) and do not form a semantic unit with their heads. Related to definiteness is the restrictiveness of the clause, which consists in the article or pro-adjective determining the head including its postmodifier. Such heads can be both definite or indefinite. The analyses have shown instances of relative clauses that are placed between restrictive and non-restrictive ones. Conveying descriptive information, they occur after the heads preceded by an indefinite article. The definiteness of nominal heads preceded by a pro-adjective or without a determiner in Slovene texts is also discussed.

Die Größe ‚Gewicht‘ im deutsch-italienischen Sprachvergleich

The topic of this article is ‘weight’ in the German-Italian language comparison. Which linguistic means are used to refer to weight in German (Gewicht) and what are the Italian equivalents? The material which has been collected is based on monolingual German and Italian dictionaries, reference works and text corpora as well as on bilingual German-Italian dictionaries and text excerpts.
 The classification of the so-called weight designations including derivatives, composites and word combinations is carried out from an etymological and lexical perspective. In addition to the dictionary entries, German-Italian translation examples show further equivalents of terms and expressions with regards to ‘weight’ in this language pair.

Strategia didattica per sviluppare la comprensione della lettura negli studenti di Italiano I presso un’università privata di Lima

The purpose of this research study is to design a didactic strategy that develops the reading comprehension of students of Italian I course at a private university in Lima. The study is framed within the interpretative paradigm, with a qualitative approach and within the research type of applied education. The sample consisted on two Italian teachers, the academic coordinator of other languages department and thirty-five Beca 18 students. The students were registered in eight Italian I courses of the 2018-01 semester at this private university. The participants were selected using a non-probabilistic convenient sampling. The research study is based on the different theories, approaches, models and strategies related to the reading comprehension of Italian as a foreign language. The research tools used for the data collection process were participant-observation, depth interview, student survey and an Italian reading comprehension test (CILS). The diagnosis performed in this study is based on current developments on the state of reading comprehension of Italian I course, in order to understand the level of competence achieved by these students and their perceptions of in classroom reading comprehension activities. In addition, this study also observed the teachers’ theoretical and practical knowledges inside the teaching and learning processes. The didactic strategy proposed in this study aims to respond coherently to the problem identified and to provide an understanding of this complex mental process through which the student interprets, assimilates, organizes and values texts in Italian.

Historiography as a Subject of Conceptual and Axiological Analysis (Based on Sources about MICHEL MONTAIGNE)

The paper presents the procedure and results of conceptual and axiological analysis based on sources related to life and work of the XVIth century writer, humanist, and philosopher Michel Montaigne. The aim of the conceptual and axiological analysis is to identify notional, ontological, and value-based categories in the prepared historiographical corpus. The analysis was based on Russian, English, French, Italian, German, and Ukrainian texts related to scientific and historical discourse of various themes but united in personality of M. Montaigne. The study appeals to the term personal historiography introduced and used as textual repertory, which forms a well-balances corpus representing the information about a person in the example of M. Montaigne. Several conceptual and axiological components are revealed on the paratextual layer. The linguistic-axiological analysis of titles of texts about M. Montaigne aims to reveal recurrent means used to express verbal subjective evaluations and axiological dominants in modern researchers` discourse dedicated to life, work, and art of the Renaissance philosopher. The overall purpose of the multidisciplinary study of titles, which includes lexical, semantical, conceptual, axiological and content-analysis is to classify concepts, representing central concerns of Montaigne`s researchers, but also to identify axiological dominants of these researches. The analysis resulted in the determination of several basic concept fields perceived as set of concepts` representations with common features. All the recurrent concepts belong to highly various fields: philosophical beliefs; writing; values and anti-values; others; self-identity; intertextuality; politics; physicality; teaching and education. The formed historiographical corpus contains researches focused on all-round reconstruction of personality, creation, ways of thinking, and acts of M. Montaigne. The relevance of the study is ensured by the discovered conceptual multivalence, which indicates the lack of consensus between scientists in the field of M. Montaigne`s personality.

Translating Migrations, (Re)Presenting Cultures in Transit: Licia Canton’s “The Motorcycle”

This essay investigates the relationship between the idea of movement and the concept of translation in Licia Canton’s short story “The Motorcycle” and in its Italian translation. The essay looks at translation both as a metaphor of negotiation and mediation that bridges two linguistic and cultural backgrounds and as a process thanks to which a text can effectively circulate in several languages and cultures. Thanks to some excerpts taken from the Italian text, the issue of the accent, that of self-translation and identity are explored through the lens of language, underlining its role in shaping and conveying images and narratives of the migrant.

Poetry, Constitution and The Liberal Trienium: English, German, Italian, Portuguese and French literary texts on the Spanish Liberal Revolution (1820-1823)

Recensión de / Review of - Ingrid Cáceres Würsig and Remedios Solano, Kings and peoples German Poetry of the Liberal Triennium. Analysis and Bilingual Annotated Corpus. Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, Colección Aquilafuente nº 273, Salamanca, 2019, 334 pp. - Gabriela Gândara Terenas and Beatriz Peralta García, Tell the Spaniards: Portuguese Poetry of the Liberal Triennium. Analysis and Bilingual Annotated Corpus. Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, Colección Aquilafuente nº 274, Salamanca, 2019, 311 pp. - Cristina Clímaco and Lola Bermúdez Medina, Spain’s Tears: French Poetry of the Liberal Triennium. Analysis and Bilingual Annotated Corpus. Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, Colección Aquilafuente nº 275, Salamanca, 2019, 607 pp. - Vicente González Martín and Mercedes González de Sande, A desired Constitución: Italian Poetry of the Liberal Triennium. Analysis and Bilingual Annotated Corpus. Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, Colección Aquilafuente nº 276, Salamanca, 2019, 605 pp. - Agustín Coletes Blanco and Alicia Laspra Rodríguez, Romantic Land: English Poetry of the Liberal Triennium. Analysis and Bilingual Annotated Corpus. Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, Colección Aquilafuente nº 277, Salamanca, 2019, 476 pp Fecha de envío / Submission date: 23/10/2020 Fecha de aceptación / Acceptance date: 3/01/2021

New Books across the Disciplines

New Books across the Disciplines

Лексичний аналіз італійських рекламних текстів відомих світових брендів та їх переклад українською

Introduction. Today, in the age of information society and active globalization, advertising, which surrounds us everywhere, plays an important role. Modern advertising has become an integral part of various spheres of society and is a phenomenon of economic, social, psychological and cultural nature. Advertising slogans are important, they are elements of advertising messages, which usually have at the end of the advertising text next to the name of the institution. They are used to create the company's image, because well-chosen slogans often depend on customer trust and demand for products and services. Purpose . Analyze the lexical units of Italian advertising texts of well-known world brands and their appropriate translation into Ukrainian. Methods . A set of research theoretical and practical methods was used in the article. Among the theoretical ones, we can single out the methods of synthesis, analysis, induction and deduction for identify certain features in the translation into Ukrainian, as well as to analyze the lexical composition of advertising texts. The systematic method was used to establish correspondence between the lexical units of the original text and the translated text. Empirical methods of comparison and description were also used to clarify factual information. Results . The use of synonyms, antonyms, personification, play on words, puns, metaphors, paronyms makes the advertising text expressive and unique. The text acquires unique features that are not available in advertising texts of goods with a similar purpose. Advertising text should attract buyers to the game, the purpose of which is to choose a specific advertised product from a number of similar ones and buy it. Today, it is important to successfully convey the meaning in the translated text, which is aimed at the market of many countries, it must coincide with the main message of the original text and attract the attention of consumers. The text of the translation must be as lexically rich as the original text, but translators may not always be able to do so qualitatively. Originality. In the work th e comprehensive analysis of Italian advertising texts of well-known brands was conducted; lexical and semantic characteristics of Italian advertising were clarified; common and differential language tools used in the construction of advertising texts in Italian and Ukrainian were identified. Conclusion. The use of a large number of stylistic devices allows to make the advertising text more expressive and unique, so it becomes unlike other advertising texts that represent products with a similar purpose. The play of words, puns, metaphors and personification add the greatest expressiveness to the Italian advertising text. In this way, the consumer attracts buyers to the game, the purpose of which is to buy the product. Today, the translation of advertising texts and slogans in particular remains a complex and important aspect, because the translation text must be as rich and interesting for the consumer as the original text. It is not always possible to convey meaning as correctly as possible, in which case translators use translation transformations. It should be noted that the lexical analysis of Italian advertising texts and their translation into Ukrainian requires further theoretical research, as it can help improve the practical skills of translators.