Environmental Safety Issues Research Articles

Household environmental safety and perceived stress among uninsured free clinic patients

The purpose of this research project is to examine the association between household environmental safety and stress among uninsured primary care patients who live in poverty. Data were collected from patients of a free clinic using a self-administered survey in Fall 2019. A total of 559 patients participated in the survey. Higher levels of concern regarding environmental issues at home are associated with higher levels of perceived stress. The following demographic characteristics were associated with higher levels of concern regarding household environmental safety issues— higher educational attainment, younger age, and better self-rated general health. Chronic stress concerning an unsafe environment can be a psychological burden and pose health risks to vulnerable populations. Interventions to improve household environmental safety have the potential to reduce the stress-load of uninsured primary care patients. Keywords: Environmental issues; free clinic; home; perceived stress; safety; social environment.

Training in environmental, occupational, industrial and fire safety management at the university, summer school, organization

The article examines the role of training in environmental protection management, industrial and fire safety, labor protection, including training in first aid skills. Currently, more and more attention is paid not only to environmental protection, but also to related HSE management issues. The relationship between environmental and occupational safety issues, including fire and industrial safety issues, is determined by the impact of the results of accidents and incidents on the environment. The whole complex of preventive measures aimed at minimizing the impact on the environment is simultaneously aimed at ensuring the safety of the employees, preserving their life and health. In the event that all measures for managing production processes could not ensure the safety of the employees, it is necessary to provide first aid, before medical aid is available. Training in first aid, occupational safety, and minimization of impact on the environment skills is important not only at the university as part of a training program or summer schools, but also in organizations to ensure the safety of the work carried out. In addition, teaching these issues is important from an early age - starting from kindergarten, school and earlier.

METHODS FOR OBTAINING AND DETERMINATION OF THE MAIN BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM SUBCRITICAL СО2 - EXTRACT OF CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.

Abstract: Currently the intensive research is being carried out in the field of technology for obtaining extracts of plant raw materials. What is more, there is the study of the composition of plant extracts and the obtaining of biologically active components of plant in order to pharmaceutical industry uses. One of the actual problems of the plant extraction technologies is the study of the techniques, allowing to extract the complex of plant components without the use of high temperatures. In addition, the issues of environmental safety applied in the practice of plant extraction technologies make additional restrictions on the extractant. One of the most discussed methods of extraction technology is to extract plant compounds using carbon dioxide as an extractant. In this aspect, the most studied method is the technology of producing plant extracts with supercritical fluid extraction. In our work, we describe a method for obtaining a subcritical Capsicum Annuum L. fruit extract, followed by the obtaining of the main plant components responsible for the biological effect of raw material. The method of subcritical CO2 - extraction was obtained by the extract of the fruit of Capsicum Annuum L., the main component of which is capsaicin and the sum of its homologues. The extract was obtained using a subcritical extractor in 65 MPa mode of 23-28c ° at a constant flow of CO2 0.18 kg of CO2 / h for 4 hours. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the subcritical CO2 Capsicum annuum L. fruits extract was identified by GC-MS. The quantitative composition of the obtained capsaicine of Capsicum Annuum L. extract was evaluated by HPLC.

Нормативно-правовые основы управления развитием Северного морского пути

The article discusses the main strategic documents related to the subject area. Particular attention is paid to analysis of hazards and risks, issues of technogenic and environmental safety, the prospects for digital technologies creation. Approaches to accounting for uncertainty and risk, and their management are also considered.

IMPROVING THE SAFETY OF TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES BY DESIGN-THINKING METHODS

The article is devoted to the safety of transport companies. The issues of environmental safety are considered. SWOT analysis and PEST analysis have been made to determine the prerequisites for the implementation of security projects. The method of the creation a mental space based on design thinking is considered. The features of projects to improving the ecological safety of transport enterprises through the creation of the mental space have been determined.

ТРЕНДЫ ЦИВИЛИЗАЦИОННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ: УРБАНИЗАЦИЯ/ ДЕУРБАНИЗАЦИЯ (ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ)

Objective of the study is to examine the specifics of the processes of urbanization and deurbanization, which reflect the dynamics of relations in the man-nature system.   The methodological basis of the research is the sociocultural approach to urbanization, which provides the basis for understanding the evolution of the urban form of social life and its cultural characteristics; modern concepts of urbanization, which analyze trends in the development of urbanistic civilization and its destructive impact on the natural environment; the provisions of the theory of the noosphere, modeling the conditions for the further development of mankind and revealing the ontological causes of the modern ecological crisis.   Research results. This article analyzes the specificity of the processes of urbanization and deubranization, which reflect the dynamics of relations in the man-nature system during the development of civilization. The model of the relationship between man and nature in the course of the development of urban civilization is determined by the value-worldview attitudes that dominate in different historical periods. The modern urbanization process has a multi-vector nature, and is manifested both in megalopolization and deurbanization, which, due to their specificity, have a destructive effect on the ecology of the urban environment.   Prospects of the study. The problem of urbanization / deurbanization as trends in civilizational development is of scientific and practical interest in connection with the need to address issues of environmental safety of society. In this regard, further research on this topic is associated with the search for ways to minimize the negative impact of urban civilization on the environment.  

Toxicity and tissue accumulation characteristics of the herbicide pendimethalin under silicon application in ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe).

Environmental health and food safety issues potentially caused by the dinitroaniline herbicide pendimethalin (PM) are a worldwide concern. The toxicity response of ginger and tissue accumulation effects of PM on ginger biomass were studied by utilizing PM (CK (clean water), PM1 (0.4%), PM2 (0.67%), PM3 (1.0%), and PM4 (1.67%)) in a dose-response study. It significantly reduced the biomass of ginger under PM4, which is attributed to root damage. The net photosynthetic rate of ginger under PM4 was 11.37% lower than that of CK, which is mainly caused by stomatal limitation. In addition, the ultrastructure of chloroplasts has changed. PM4 caused the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in ginger. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) increased accordingly, maintaining the dynamic balance of ROS content. PM had no significant effect on the expression of ginger α-tubulin genes. PM was significantly accumulated in ginger roots, but not rhizomes. Si increased the productivity of ginger under PM4, which is mainly related to the increase of root development (root application of silicon) and photosynthetic efficiency (foliar application of silicon). Si reduced the ROS content due to the increase in SOD, POD, and catalase (CAT) activity and photosynthetic efficiency.

ECOLOGICAL AND SANITARY AND HYGENE SAFETY OF WATER SUPPLY SOURCES OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

This article addresses the issue of environmental safety as well as the quality of drinking water and wastewater treatment. The problem of supplying clean water and sewage of settlements and cities of the Kyrgyz Republic is raised. Anthropogenic pollution of natural waters. Inadequate wastewater treatment and unsatisfactory condition of sewage treatment plants. This state of affairs in the water supply and sanitation system of the Kyrgyz Republic requires the development and implementation of new advanced technologies for the treatment of natural and waste waters.

АНАЛИЗ ВЛИЯНИЯ МЕТОДОВ ВВЕДЕНИЯ ОРГАНОМИНЕРАЛЬНОЙ ДОБАВКИ В СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫЕ РАСТВОРЫ НА МЕЛКИХ ПЕСКАХ

the use of technogenic raw materials in the production of building composites is an urgent direction in the technology of production of building materials in view of its economic efficiency, environmental effect and wide possibilities of their application. Recently, the issues of environmental safety in the production of building materials, the possibility of their processing and disposal have come to the fore. All this is dictated by the need for energy and resource conservation, the massive depletion of natural reserves and the progres-sive pollution of the environment due to anthropogenic activities. Construction composites provide ample opportunities for recycling of secondary raw materials, as their structure allows them to be used not only as a filler, but also in some cases as additives for regulating certain properties. More studied and widely used are ash and slag mixtures on the basis of which various organomineral additives are developed. So, on the territory of the Chechen Republic there are dumps of ash and slag mixtures, which, according to their chem-ical and mineralogical composition, are suitable for the design of organomineral additives and fillers in con-struction concretes and solutions. Building solutions are widely used for interior and exterior finishing works during the construction of construction projects in the Chechen Republic, which is characterized by high humidity in the winter, which provokes deformations of the plaster layer on facades. In this article, the de-velopment of an organomineral additive based on an ash-slag mixture is considered to improve the quality of mortar mixtures resistant to such conditions.

Solution to the problems of complex use of mineral raw materials

The increasing pace of construction in areas in eastern Russia is leading to an increased demand for building materials. To meet this demand, local raw materials, including basalt, are widely used. In this article, we have shown the possibility of complex use of basalts in the production of various types of products. Using low-temperature plasma, basalt fibre with good physical and chemical characteristics was obtained. It possesses high heat-resistance (up to 700°C) and alkali resistance, and is stable in aqueous medium. Using mechanical activation method composite binding materials were obtained. Technological parameters of their production are determined. It is shown that the binding materials with optimal composition have a compressive strength higher than the strength of the control sample by 18%. The integrated use of mineral raw materials allows us to solve the issues of energy efficiency, resource conservation and environmental safety in the development of mineral deposits and the production of new types of products.

Issues of operational and environmental safety in the aftermath of an accident of vehicles with high-voltage components

The authors raise the issue of safety of operation and elimination of consequences of road accidents of vehicles with high-voltage components. The elimination of the consequences of road accidents is often associated with the elimination of the harmful effects of damaged lithium-ion batteries on the environment and human health. The world experience of identification of this type of vehicles equipped with a system of accumulation and storage of electricity in the form of a high-voltage traction battery based on NiMH or Li-ion is considered. The rationale for the use of a universal identifier with a description of the world practice of solving this issue is given. The ways of implementation in relation to the legislative and regulatory documents of the Russian Federation are proposed. The reasons and practical significance of the introduction of identification of electric vehicles and vehicles with combined power plants are described. Additional problems have been identified, the solution of which requires timely solutions in order to ensure operational and environmental safety.

Features and Applications of Urine Stabilization Methods: A Review

The recovery of nutrients from unconventional water such as domestic sewage is considered as a sustainable solution to environmental sanitation, personal hygiene, water, and food safety issues. Source separation of urine and the sequenced treatment techniques are the promising approaches to recover the resources from this unconventional water. However, in the storage of urine, urea is hydrolyzed under the action of urease, resulting in odor, precipitation and the loss of ammonia, which is a challenge to be overcome in the process of urine recycling. This review collates research related to urine stabilization, and aims to summarize the characteristics and applications of existing urine stabilization methods, such as acidification, alkalization, electrochemistry, inhibitors and etc. Overall, acidification and alkalization have higher dosage requirements and have an attentional impact on the environment; electrochemical technology is suitable for decentralized sanitation facilities, but the inhibition duration is short; inhibitors are the least effective and are usually used to regulate urease activities in soil environment rather than for urine stabilization. Choosing the appropriate approaches of urine stabilization should focus on the overall perspective of urine resource utilization, consider the separation method and recovery form, and combine it with the concentration technology.

Ensuring environmental safety of massive explosions in the combined development of coal deposits in Kuzbass

The article discusses the issues of environmental safety during massive explosions at the open-pit mines of SUEK-Kuzbass JSC. In the paper, the parameters of drilling and blasting operations in the performance of massive explosions at the Zarechny open-pit mine are analyzed; the requirements for the calculation of seismically hazardous zones from explosions in the open- pit mine for underground mine workings of the Taldinskaya-Zapadnaya 2 mine are determined; the conditions of seismic safety of underground mine workings during explosions in the sections by means of instrumental measurements of the parameters of seismic-explosive waves (velocity, acceleration of displacement) are established; in the ShotPlus 5 program, the switching circuits of explosive networks are analyzed; the dependence of the maximum mass of charges that are simultaneously blasted on the distance is established, which ensures the seismic safety of underground mine workings; recommendations for determining the safe parameters of drilling and blasting operations in the sections are given.

Understanding Educational Management in The Context of Environmental Protection for Madrasah Application

Environmental protection education in Indonesia must get the attention of all parties, especially the government and its staff, because healthy environmental resources must be pursued, not surrendered, let alone let them be damaged and extinct. For this reason, it takes the government's seriousness as the maker and implementer of policy regulations through education on environmental protection that is healthy and free from irresponsible human intervention. For this purpose, we have reviewed more than a hundred international publications that have discussed environmental safety issues through application to school education in various contexts to become a model for application in Madrasah schools in Indonesia. We reviewed papers published between 2010 and 2021 as sources of scientific data and other research sources to prove this assumption. We chose a systematic review method to understand the main problem through coding systems, data evaluation, in-depth analysis, and interpretation before obtaining findings to answer environmental research problems, education, and realities of practice in the field. Based on the data found and the discussion results, we understand the relevance between government policies on government regulations and the content and behavior taught in madrasas and industry on attitudes and behavior and sanctions on the preservation and sustainability of environmental protection.

ЭКОЛОГО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ КАК ПЕРСПЕКТИВНОЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЕ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ЭКОНОМИКИ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В АРКТИЧЕСКОМ РЕГИОНЕ

The material of the article is devoted to the definition of topical issues of environmental and economic safety in the new realities of the development of the Arctic zone in the context of the transformation of the economy and education. The paper presents the tools of ecological and economic safety of youth, contributing to the sustainable development of the economy and education in the modern professional environment of the Arctic region. The paper highlights the issues of environmental and economic security, based on the theoretical analysis of the sustainable development agenda of the Russian Federation and the materials of scientific and practical conferences at various levels, and empirical analysis during the implementation of project activities at the flagship university.

Environmental Aspects of the new wave of raw materials industrialization in Asian Russia

The paper examines the problems of assessing the long-term impact of intensive exploitation of natural resources on the environment of a large region. Data for empirical study obtained from information of Rosstat and Annual State Reports «On the state and protection of the environment of the Russian Federation». The vast territory of Asian Russia was chosen as the object of research. The results indicate a significant increase in environmental problems at each stage of industrial development in this region. These problems are especially acute in connection with the entry of Asian Russia into the next wave of accelerated industrialization of raw materials, characterized, first of all, by a significant expansion of projects for the extraction and processing of solid minerals and hydrocarbons to new mostly undeveloped territories. This, taking into account the already accumulated environmental problems, makes additional requirements for the substantiation of plans to accelerate the socio-economic development of the region and the launch of new raw materials projects, bringing to the first place not only economic and strategic aspects, but also issues of environmental safety. This, in turn, requires not only constant monitoring of the state of the environment and protection activities of business entities, increasing the reliability and completeness of the results obtained on its basis, but also assessing the compliance of the existing institutional environment with the tasks of eliminating environmental problems accumulated in the region and reducing the negative anthropogenic impact on the environment. At the same time, the results of the analysis of both current approaches to statistical observation in this area and environmental mechanisms indicate the presence of significant imperfections in them. In this regard, it is necessary to improve the institutional mechanisms for regulating environmental protection in order to increase the sustainability of the region’s development

УСТОЙЧИВОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ ГОРНОПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА МУРМАНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ: МИНИМИЗАЦИЯ ТЕХНОГЕННЫХ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЙ НА ОКРУЖАЮЩУЮ СРЕДУ

The Murmansk region is a region with the largest enterprises of the mining complex of the Russian Federation: KF JSC “Apatit”, JSC “Kola MMC”, JSC “Olkon”, JSC” Kovdorsky GOK”, JSC” North-West Phosphorus Company”, LLC”Lovozersky GOK”. They provide the majority of the country’s demand for phosphate ores, zirconium raw materials (baddeleyite), niobium, tantalum, and rare earth metals. In addition, the mining and processing of copper-nickel, iron and chrome ores, nepheline and ceramic raw materials, facing stone and building materials is carried out. At the same time, the activities of enterprises have a very negative impact on the environment. The issues of environmental safety in the extraction and processing of minerals, storage of mining waste in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation are of particular relevance. The definition of sustainable development in relation to the mining industry is given. The concepts of available best technologies, circular economy, and “green growth” are considered from the point of view of their contribution to sustainable development. It is shown that the sustainable development of enterprises at the present stage is impossible without improving the environmental friendliness of production. The article analyzes the legislation of the Russian Federation and the practice of its application to identify mechanisms that promote sustainable development and eliminate barriers to the implementation of this concept in the mining industry. New technological solutions have been developed for mining enterprises of the Murmansk region, aimed at reducing aero-technogenic emissions, cleaning waste (mine) water, processing tailings of enrichment as man-made deposits, which allows both to minimize man-made environmental impacts and to increase the full use of mineral raw materials. Thus, the expediency of using the principles of “green growth” for the development of economic development policies in the Arctic is justified.

Adsorption of obsolete silt, peat, sawdust and compositions of them

Environmental security is an important part of Ukraine's national security. It provides for the maintenance and improvement of the environment and should have a set of measures to prevent the danger to the population. It provides for the maintenance and improvement of the environment and should have a set of measures to prevent occurrence the danger to the population. One of the important issues of environmental safety in Ukraine is the accumulation of obsolete sludge after wastewater treatment at aeration stations. Untreated sludge has been merging into overcrowded sludge sites for several decades, which has led to the deterioration of the environment and living conditions in Ukraine.
 The article presents experimental studies to determine the adsorption properties of granules based on the composition of sludge and peat with the addition of sawdust. Preparation of raw materials, creation of compositions and granulation from obsolete sludge, peat and biomass were covered in previous publications.

Why Are Digital Health Care Systems Still Poorly Designed, and Why Is Health Care Practice Not Asking for More? Three Paths Toward a Sustainable Digital Work Environment.

Knowledge of how to design digital systems that are ergonomically sound, high in usability, and optimized for the user, context, and task has existed for some time. Despite this, there are still too many examples of new digital health care systems that are poorly designed and that could negatively affect both the work environment of health care staff and patient safety. This could be because of a gap between the theoretical knowledge of design and ergonomics and the practical implementation of this knowledge in procuring and developing digital health care systems. Furthermore, discussions of digitalization are often at a general level and risk neglecting the nature of direct interaction with the digital system. This is problematic since it is at this detailed level that work environment and patient safety issues materialize in practice. In this paper, we illustrate such issues with two scenarios concerned with contemporary electronic health care records, based on field studies in two health care settings. We argue that current methods and tools for designing and evaluating digital systems in health care must cater both to the holistic level and to the details of interaction and ergonomics. It must also be acknowledged that health care professionals are neither designers nor engineers, so expectations of them during the development of digital systems must be realistic. We suggest three paths toward a more sustainable digital work environment in health care: (1) better tools for evaluating the digital work environment in the field; (2) generic formulations of qualitative requirements related to usability and for adaptation to the user, context, and task, to be used in procurement; and (3) the introduction of digital ergonomics as an embracing concept capturing several of the ergonomic challenges (including physical, cognitive, and organizational aspects) involved in implementing and using digital systems.

Efficient removal and recovery of uranium from industrial radioactive wastewaters using functionalized activated carbon powder derived from zirconium carbide process waste.

Development of efficient sorbents for selective removing and recovery of uranium from radioactive wastewaters is highly important in nuclear fuel industries from the standpoint of resource sustainability and environmental safety issues. In this study, carbon powder waste was modified by various chemical activating agents under atmosphere of nitrogen gas at 725 °C to prepare an efficient sorbent for removal and recovery of uranium ions from radioactive wastewaters of nuclear fuel conversion facility. Activation of the carbon powder with KOH, among different activators, provided maximum porosity and surface area. The activated samples were modified by reacting with ammonium persulfate in sulfuric acid solution to generate surface functional groups. The synthetized sorbents were characterized with FT-IR, XRD, BET, and SEM-EDS techniques. The effects of solution pH, contact time, initial uranium concentration, and temperature on the sorption capacity of the sorbent with respect to U(VI) from wastewater were investigated by batch method, followed by optimizing the effect of influential parameters by experimental design using central composite design. The sorption of UO22+ ions on the sorbents follows the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Maximum sorption capacity for U(VI) was 192.31 mg g-1 of the modified sorbent at 35 °C. Thermodynamic data showed that sorption of U(VI) on the sorbent was through endothermic and spontaneous processes. The sorption studies on radioactive effluents of the nuclear industry demonstrated that the modified sorbent had a favorable selectivity for uranium removal in the presence of several other metal ions.