Social Development Issues Research Articles

Politicization of social ontology and its paradoxes

The article reveals the historical and theoretical prerequisites for the ontological turn in political theory and the establishment of postfoundationalism, and develops a critical analysis of its inherent paradoxes and difficulties. The ontological turn in political theory became widely known in the first decades of the 21st century. The article argues that postfoundationalism represents a reaction to the dominance of foundationalism in the social sciences, according to which politics is reduced to a subsystem of society, and the ontology of politics is reduced to the regional field of social ontology. The need to overcome foundationalism and its consequences is determined by the formation of a postfoundational political ontology of society. The latter accepts as the main principle of interpretation the position about the contingency of the foundation of society and politics and, as a consequence, about the politicization of social ontology. It is shown that an attempt to shift the meaning of political ontology encounters some difficulties. Firstly, postfoundationalism, which posits the contingency of the foundation of society and politics, falls into contradiction and reveals its dependenceon foundationalism. Secondly, the provision of contingency does not entail ethical-normative principles prescribing specific forms of politics. Thirdly, postfoundationalism entails the loss of prospects for individual positions and projects of people, the possibility of their connection with strategic issues of social development. The general thesis of the article is that renewal ontology in postfoundationalism requires historicizing the interpretation of the social and political, turning to the institutional and normative mechanisms of both the representation and the formation of political subjectivity. The argumentation of this thesis is carried out in three stages, which predetermined the structure of the article. The first part discusses the ontological turn in political theory and the motives for constructing postfoundationalism. The second part substantiates the basic principles of postfoundational political ontology. The third part explains the paradoxes of postfoundationalism and analyses their consequences.

National Service Scheme an Extension Dimension of Higher Education: Nation Building through the Volunteerism and Community Services

Abstract— The National Service Scheme, also known as NSS, is a social development activity with the motto "NOT ME, BUT YOU." The Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India, conducts the National Service Scheme (NSS), an extension service programme. The program extends from the senior secondary school stage to the postgraduate level across all Indian universities. The program's two main components are youth and community. The youth are the future citizens and administrators of India. Participating in NSS, the candidates perceive social change, transformations, and social development issues. The youth are the most vibrant generation, with energy, courage, and the ability to change society. The study examines the main objective of the NSS program for the overall development of student youth through their participation in social and nation-building activities, as well as education. This study examines the importance of NSS in keeping students motivated to attend higher educational institutions. NSS plays a catalytic role in motivating students to take initiative in resolving different problems, social barriers, harassment, and violence, transforming all the negative activities into positive ones, and creating a peaceful atmosphere on campuses as well as in neighboring areas.

Correction Notice for "Exploring the Interplay between Policy Texts and Local Realities in Drug Procurement for the NPCDCS Program in Bihar: An Institutional Ethnography" by Vikash Kumar (<em>Social Development Issues</em>, Vol. 46, No. 1)

Correction Notice for "Exploring the Interplay between Policy Texts and Local Realities in Drug Procurement for the NPCDCS Program in Bihar: An Institutional Ethnography" by Vikash Kumar (<em>Social Development Issues</em>, Vol. 46, No. 1)

Enhancing social cohesion with cooperative bots in societies of greedy, mobile individuals.

Addressing collective issues in social development requires a high level of social cohesion, characterized by cooperation and close social connections. However, social cohesion is challenged by selfish, greedy individuals. With the advancement of artificial intelligence (AI), the dynamics of human-machine hybrid interactions introduce new complexities in fostering social cohesion. This study explores the impact of simple bots on social cohesion from the perspective of human-machine hybrid populations within network. By investigating collective self-organizing movement during migration, results indicate that cooperative bots can promote cooperation, facilitate individual aggregation, and thereby enhance social cohesion. The random exploration movement of bots can break the frozen state of greedy population, help to separate defectors in cooperative clusters, and promote the establishment of cooperative clusters. However, the presence of defective bots can weaken social cohesion, underscoring the importance of carefully designing bot behavior. Our research reveals the potential of bots in guiding social self-organization and provides insights for enhancing social cohesion in the era of human-machine interaction within social networks.

Assessment of Community Radio Social Impact in Tanzania

Purpose: This paper assessed social impacts of three community radio stations located in three different social-economic zones in Tanzania namely, Kilosa in the Eastern Zone, Karagwe in the Lake Victoria Zone and Orkonerei Community Radio (ORS) in the Northern Zone. 
 Methodology: The study used cross sectional design whereby data were collected at one point in time. Purposive sampling methods were used to obtain 585 (48% female) respondents based on whether the area was well covered by community radio broadcasts or otherwise. Data were collected interview schedule, in-depth interview of key informants, systematic observations and focus group discussions. Key informants included community radio management and journalists working in the community radios. As for focus group discussions, four discussions were held (two in each community radio) with a total of 40 respondents. 
 Findings: The study found that 51% of the respondents viewed community radio stations as enhanced access to information (news, current affairs and educational informational). On popularity, the study found that on average, community radios were more popular with local audience than other radio stations. This was due to broadcasting local contents. An analysis of sex and education levels of people who preferred community radio showed that 53.4% were men and 46.5% were women. As for education levels, 57% of those who preferred community radio broadcast had primary education followed by those without formal education at 24%. However, contrary to the theory of community radio which asserts that community radios focus on local social economic development, the study found that the most dominant theme was music and general entertainment.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study found that community radio stations have enhanced information flow (news, current affairs and education). They are also most popular with local audience compared to other radios. This indicates that if tailored to address contemporary local development issues, community radio can have huge impact. However, the study found that, the most dominant themes in studied stations was music and general entertainment. This is contrary to the theory asserting that community radio should focus on local social development issues. This calls for further investigation on circumstances leading community radios deviation from the popular theory.

Incorporating suburban cropland into urban green infrastructure: A perspective of nature-based solutions in China

Urban green infrastructure (GI) addresses human social development issues and challenges through urban green space ecosystem services. However, the ecosystem service functions of suburban cropland, especially regulating services and cultural services, have been seriously underestimated. The distribution of green spaces and suburban cropland varies in different regions of China, as well as their potential development methods. This article examines the potential of integrating suburban cropland into urban green infrastructure, offering a perspective on nature-based solutions in China. We divided the suburban cropland in China into three parts: peri‑suburban, mid-suburban, and outer-suburban by the concept of 15-minute living circle based on different travel modes of people. Based on statistical yearbook data, satellite remote sensing images and the fragstats 4.2 programme, a quantitative analysis was conducted on the spatial distribution, landscape pattern and social development of suburban farmland and green space in four cities. Then, the potential for improving the exposure level of suburban cropland after incorporating suburban cropland into urban green infrastructure was quantified and compared. Finally, we explored the potential development of the three kinds of suburban cropland as green infrastructure based on the concept of NbS. We found the spatial pattern of cropland and green space in the mid-suburban is greatly affected by regional geographical conditions, the green exposure level, i.e., green space availability indicators, in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Xi'an increased by 83 %, 300 %, 24 %, and 612 %, respectively, after incorporating suburban cropland into urban green infrastructure. The potential development models for suburban cropland should be based on NbS and China's national conditions: peri‑suburban cropland should be fully utilized for cultural and social functions, the mid-suburban cropland should focus on multifunctional utilization of cropland, and the outer-suburban is prioritized for ecological functions. Our study provides scientific insights for deep exploration of the functions of suburban cropland in China.

Economic Justice Through Al-Hisbah: Reviewing The Role And Performance Of Market Supervisory Institutions

This research looks at the role and performance of market supervisory institutions in realizing economic justice through the concept of al-Hisbah. In its background, economic justice is stated as a central issue in sustainable social and economic development, with justice not only an ideal, but also a religious imperative in Islam. The aim of the study is to explore how market supervisory institutions based on al-Hisbah principles play a crucial role in ensuring that economic practices not only benefit a small part, but also support the welfare of society at large. The research method uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis, involving literature studies and interviews with economists and practitioners of Islamic law. The results showed that market supervisory institutions that apply the principles of al-Hisbah have a vital role in maintaining a balance between individual and general interests in economic activity. By ensuring that economic practices conform to Islamic principles that emphasize fairness, transparency, and sustainability, such institutions can be effective custodians in achieving the goals of economic justice. This research provides a deeper understanding of how the concept of al-Hisbah can form a solid foundation for creating a more inclusive, just, and sustainable economic system in accordance with Islamic values

Общественная палата Мурманской области и Уполномоченный по правам человека в Мурманской области: особенности и направления взаимодействия

The successful development of civil society in the Murmansk region is a deep, multilateral process, which also largely depends on the effective interaction of society and the state. It is the Public Chamber of the Murmansk Region that is becoming a consolidating center today, coordinating the interaction of public authorities and civil society institutions, ensuring the participation of citizens and public associations in solving topical issues of social and economic development of the region. 
 Interaction with civil society institutions plays an important role in the work of the Public Chamber of the Murmansk Region, where the institution of the Commissioner for Human Rights in the Murmansk Region plays a key role.

Comparative Analysis of Mass Media in Nigeria and Ghana

This study conducts a comparative analysis of the mass media landscapes in Nigeria and Ghana, focusing on their historical development, regulatory frameworks, and content focus. Drawing on a diverse array of sources, including books, journal articles, and government reports, the research evaluates the trajectory of media evolution in both countries from their colonial past to the present day. The study employs a theoretical framework that combines the political economy of communication and the cultural studies perspective. The political economy of communication approach highlights the economic, political, and social factors that shape media content and structure, while the cultural studies perspective emphasizes the role of media in shaping cultural values and identities. The findings reveal that both countries have shared priorities in promoting national unity, addressing social and economic development issues, and preserving cultural values. The study concludes that while both countries share some commonalities, such as the emergence of indigenous broadcasters and the growth of online news, there are also notable differences. The study recommends that both Nigeria and Ghana should work to foster international collaboration in the mass media industry.

The Relationship between Regional Educational Resource Inequality and Income Inequality: The Case of China

The relationship between intra-regional inequality in educational resources and income inequality has always been the focus of social development and equity issues. Using the education Gini coefficient as the main indicator for portraying educational inequality, this paper selects relevant provincial panel data to study the relationship between inter-regional educational inequality and the widening of the income distribution gap in China, and finds that: 1) China's inter-regional educational inequality is positively correlated with the income distribution gap; 2) Over time, the effects of unequal access to education and widening economic disparities are becoming more pronounced. In order to stop the income gap from expanding due to educational inequality, the government should invest more in education, boost the rate at which educational resources are used, and support the coordinated growth of interregional education. This article fills the research gap on the relationship between educational resources and income in the last decade and contributes to the national education field.

Вл.С. Соловьев и «Новое время»: жанровое разнообразие философской публицистики

The traditional connection between philosophy, literature and journalism in Russian culture has led to increased interest in issues of social development, the meaning of human existence, morality and ethics on the pages of small periodicals, weekly and daily newspapers. Often judgments about new trends in literature (F. Bulgakov, N. Engelhardt, P. Weinberg, etc.) turned into independent philosophical and journalistic statements. The article updates the term “philosophical journalism” in the context of the turn of the 19th–20th centuries. The specificity and genre diversity of this phenomenon are revealed through the analysis of texts associated with the name of Vl. Solovyov in the newspaper “Novoye Vremya”. In this regard, special attention is paid to the controversy between S. Syromyatnikov and P. Parensov, which reflects not only the perception of the ideological and philosophical system of Vl. Solovyov by the authors of a popular periodical, but mainly one of the ways of forming philosophical journalism of the Silver Age. 510 issues of the newspaper “Novoye Vremya” (November–December 1902, February–December 1903, February–May 1904) were selected as sources.

Шанхайская организация сотрудничества в новых геополитических условиях

The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), established more than two decades ago, is one of the most important international organizations in the non-western world. While attracting the interest of many players in the region, the SCO is still searching for direction, creating new formats, and signing new documents. This process is especially relevant in the current, rapidly changing geopolitical environment, which requires meaningful answers to key issues of security, economy, development of scientific and social spheres, and so on. In this article, the authors identify the key areas of development of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, highlighting the most elaborated security track, the bloc of economic development, projects to strengthen cooperation in the field of energy resources, and issues of scientific and social development, as well as the role of the organization in the formation of the framework of Greater Eurasia. Having analyzed the SCO's activities on the basis of the documents it has adopted and the organizations created within its structure, as well as the narrative at the level of experts and government officials, the authors conclude that, while the SCO has a significant potential in the areas under consideration and has even achieved certain successes in some areas, such as joint security, the organization lacks quality implementation of the documents it has adopted and coherence in the joint implementation of its decisions. Despite this, the SCO has nevertheless become an important element of interaction between the bloc's countries and a key a tool for preserving security in Eurasia.

Evaluation of neurocognitive and social developments after craniosynostosis surgery.

The study focused on assessing the potential neurocognitive and social developmental issues in children with non-syndromic craniosynostosis (NSC) who received optimal surgical treatment. The primary objective was to determine whether NSC, even after optimal surgical treatment, could have negative effects on brain development. The study included a total of 73 pediatric patients aged between 2 and 6years who had previously undergone surgery for NSC at the Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery. These patients were carefully matched with 107 healthy children who visited the outpatient clinic of the same department in terms of sociodemographic characteristics such as age, gender, and social status. To assess the neurocognitive and social development of the participants, the child psychologist administered a developmental scale to the child and his/her family via video conference. This scale was adapted from the Bayley-III Infant and Child Development Scale by the Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology. The study found no social or gross motor developmental issues in patients who had undergone optimal surgical treatment for NSC. However, the risk of fine motor developmental deficiencies was 4.79 times higher than that of the normal population, and the risk of language developmental deficiencies was 5.75 times higher than that of the normal population. Despite timely treatment of NSC, long-term neurocognitive and social development issues may arise in affected children. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor these patients after completing surgical treatment and thoroughly examine their development using a multidisciplinary approach.

Women as Viable Actors in Conflict Resolution and Panacea to Insecurity Caused by Boko Haram Insurgence in Borno State, Nigeria

The basic objectives of this paper are to contribute to the discussion of security and the protection of women's fundamental human rights, gender and inclusion, and the relationship between gender and peace-building; to be of value for the general discussion on national insecurity, and more specifically to assist the ongoing process of achieving a lasting peace and conflict resolution in Borno state. Women living in northern Nigeria face a herculean challenge of overcoming direct and indirect violence. These include domestic violence, political instability, social inequality, and the threat of Boko Haram. Boko Haram is an extremist militant group that has been known to kidnap, rape and torture women and young girls as means of terrorizing the Nigerian community. Hence, from the beginning of the human era, women, based on their assumed tenderness, have been subjected to domestic and nurturing tasks. This is because the global society has assumed a patriarchal nature. To this end, the paper attended to basic issues of the study decolonizing and engendering conflict resolution frameworks to desired security and transformative peace, ascertaining a dynamic peace process and rights can be negotiated, protected and promoted, especially in Islamic-based societies which experience a significant political transition and sustainable peace in countries such as Afghanistan; and finally, drawing best practices to advance inclusive policies where fundamental rights are protected and to ensure women's meaningful participation in peace processes. This study adopted the social bond and feminist theory by attempting to explain the significance of women in the society. The position of the paper is that in the global society, people still think that women can do little or nothing, and it is very pervasive in Nigeria, especially when it involves issues of social development and security as perceived with regard to insecurity. This suggests that the involvement of women in the fight against insecurity and counter-terrorism in the global world has not been effectively utilized. Nigeria, just like many developing countries, does not agree with the popular parlance of 'behind every successful man, there is a woman.' The study, therefore, recommends that greater attention should be channelled toward women's involvement in the development process of fighting insecurity and strengthening national security.

МАРКЕТИНГОВЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ В РАЗВИТИИ ЗЕЛЕНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ КАК ОСНОВА УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ СТРАНЫ

For the high-quality fulfillment of the tasks set, specialists need to develop a marketing policy based on innovative marketing technologies that can and should be actively used in the development of the green economy to implement measures for the sustainable development of the country. According to the state policy for the development of the economy as a whole and in accordance with the principles of sustainable economic development, specifically sustainable development represents a rational and effective impact on the implementation of economic, social and environmental components, and the “green” economy is aimed at ensuring universal harmonious coordination of the mutual interests of all stakeholders. This statement is based on a systematic approach to solving strategically important issues of economic, social and environmental development in general, and therefore, when forming a list of marketing technologies that can be used in the development of a green economy, it is important to take into account all the tools of marketing technologies for the economy, social policy and the environmental sphere. The main directions of state activity aimed at the development of a green economy, taking into account the principles of sustainable development, are systematized in the course of scientific research. Marketing technologies have been identified that can be used in the implementation of energy saving policies and the organization of measures for the development of a green economy. The use of green technologies in production makes it possible to actively implement a green economy policy, influence the technological process, reduce the cost of fuel and energy resources, and influence the reduction of fuel, electric and thermal energy costs.

Особенности развития социального интеллекта мальчиков и девочек в дошкольном возрасте

The article deals with theoretical approaches to the issue of social intellect development in the works of national and foreign authors. Based on theoretical analysis different views on the phenomenon being studied have been compared, and the approach to social intellect as a set of abilities making interpersonal interaction possible and adequate adaptation to changing conditions has been justified. The study has revealed some differences of manifestation of social intellect in boys and girls during preschool period. Girls have a more developed ability to identify basic emotions and handle their own emotions and feelings. Such index of an emotional component as emotional wellbeing dominates in boys. The study indicates a more pronounced social intellect in girls.

Martabat Pendekatan Tafsir Mawḍū‘ī dalam Penulisan Tafsir di Era Globalisasi

Al-Tafsīr al-mawḍū‘ī also referred to as thematic tafsīr was introduced by tafsīr experts in the early 1970s. Following that, this interpretation method evolved through many ways pioneered by al-mawḍū‘ī interpretation luminaries such as al-Farmāwī, al-Kūmmī, ‘Abd al-Sattār, Muṣṭafā Muslim, al-Khālidī, Ziauddin Sardar, and others. Although the technique given by these tafsīr figures intends to generate systematic al-mawḍū‘ī tafsīr literature, these approaches can also be applied to address difficulties in the globalization period. Therefore, this study took the initiative to describe the al-mawḍū‘ī interpretation approach of tafsīr scholars and further discuss these approaches in facing the era of globalization. This study collects data from document sources and analyzes them using the content analysis method. According to the findings of the study, al-mawḍū‘ī tafsīr experts apply basic procedures in al-mawḍū‘ī tafsīr by establishing themes, collecting verses, determining the relationship between verses and themes, and summarizing verses and themes. Meanwhile, the al-mawḍū‘ī interpretation approach can be enabled to address social challenges involving issues of faith, social development, and environmental sustainability in the age of globalization. This study has a great impact on the implementation of establishing a more sustainable community and strengthening civil society’s ambitions.

POLITICAL OPPOSITION IN ARMENIA: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT / ԸՆԴԴԻՄՈՒԹՅԱՆՆ ՈՒՂՂՎԱԾ ՄԱՐՏԱՀՐԱՎԵՐՆԵՐԸ ԵՎ ԶԱՐԳԱՑՄԱՆ ՀԵՌԱՆԿԱՐՆԵՐԸ ՀՀ-ՈՒՄ

Political opposition plays a key role in the formation and development of a democratic political system. It so happened that the activities of the political opposition in Armenia are constantly assessed as failed especially over the past five years, especially in the last five years, the existence of constructive opposition, and therefore the existence of a constructive opposition, as well as its proposals for a clear and alternative policy have become more relevant. In such a situation, the freedom of speech for all groups of society, the right to freely express their own interests and views on key issues of social development, becomes urgent. Consequently, the imperative of our times is to amend Article 95 of the RA Election Code, which states the distribution of mandates using D'Hondt method. The aim of the proposed change is to eliminate the concept of an absolute majority, which in the countries with a parliamentary system of governance devalues the main principle of the functioning of such a system, namely the parliamentary consensus. The main goal of the presented article is to identify the characteristics of models of interaction between the authorities and the opposition and their manifestations in Armenia, for which the following objectives were set: • identify the place and role of the opposition in the political system of society, • present the patterns of opposition activity within the framework of a multi-party system in Armenia. The study is based on several methodological approaches, in particular structural, functional and comparative methods.

Development of education in Transcarpathia in 1944-1946 (analysis of normative legal acts of the People's Council of Transcarpathian Ukraine)

It is indicated that the educational process is one of the most important institutions of society, which ensures the reproduction and transfer of knowledge, abilities and skills formed by society in the course of historical development. It aims to prepare the next generations for life, to give them the opportunity to solve the current problems of society, to solve the issues of political, social, economic and cultural development.
 This institute is formed from a number of interrelated structural elements covering the preparation of citizens for the realities of social and state life within preschool children's institutions, secondary special, vocational and technical and higher educational institutions. At the same time, the education process is not limited to studying in the relevant institutions, it continues continuously throughout life, which allows to improve and develop new forms and methods of managing society and the state.
 The analysis of normative legal acts adopted by the People's Council of Transcarpathian Ukraine in the field of educational activities was carried out.
 In 1944-1945, after the liberation of the region from the Hungarian-German occupiers, in the face of the need to solve a number of economic and reconstruction tasks, the People's Council of Transcarpathian Ukraine carried out significant activities in the cultural sphere. A large place among the related problems is occupied by the development of the system of educational institutions. In order to solve them, the authorities in Transcarpathia adopted more than thirty legal acts aimed at raising the general educational level of the region's population and preparing it for entry into the unified educational system of Soviet Ukraine.
 Analysis of the main documents of this period allows us to conditionally divide them into three groups:
 
 Resolutions and Decrees aimed at developing the system of educational institutions;
 Acts directed to the provision of educational and pedagogical personnel;
 Documents aimed at promoting the development of activities related to education and upbringing.
 
 Thus, the People's Council of Transcarpathian Ukraine tried to fully regulate activities related to the cultural and educational development and education of the population of Transcarpathia.

The Influence of Teaching Style on Students' Learning

Education is not only a major plan for national development, but also an important issue for social development. Some researchers have found that different styles of teachers will have completely different impacts on students learning, but there are still gaps in the experiments on the formation mechanism and specific forms behind it. Therefore, the research theme of this paper is the influence of teachers teaching style on students learning. The research methods of this paper are as follows: First, the questionnaire of senior high school English classroom teachers teaching style is collected, and then the data is analyzed by the test. The results show that traditional and closed-minded teachers are not conducive to the development of students self-esteem, creativity, learning interest and academic performance. Therefore, teachers should teach students according to their aptitude and find more suitable teaching methods.