Preservation Issues Research Articles

ЭТАПЫ МЕЖДУНАРОДНО-ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ В ОБЛАСТИ СОХРАНЕНИЯ КЛИМАТА

The subject of the article is a chronological analysis of the development of the institutions of international law that regulate the issue of climate preservation. Active international legal cooperation in this area can be seen as a sign of growing attention of the international community to the problem of climate change, its integration into other areas of politics and law. This article provides a periodization of the stages of the process of formation of the main institutions of environmental law in the field of climate preservation from 1972 to the present, considers the most important milestones within the proposed stages, systematizes this information, gives comparative assessments of legal documents, taking into account their effectiveness at all stages as they are adopted. The study revealed the continuity of the process of adapting the adopted agreements to changing perceptions about set goals, quantitative assessments of the fulfillment of their obligations by states, the effectiveness of institutions for the implementation of agreements both at the international and regional or national levels. The author concludes that the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement have played a key role in stimulating and guiding international legal efforts to preserve the climate.

On the methodology research of organizational technologies of health preservation

The article considers methodological studying of problematic of health preservation and its organizational technologies. The health preservation is considered in the context of public health policy. The necessity of complex interdisciplinary and longitudinal approach to studying this problematic is substantiated. The results of analysis of semantics of key concepts of health preservation are presented. The patient-centralized principles of activities and communication as applied to health preservation are substantiated. The differentiation between concepts of «value» and «utility» of organizational technologies of health preservation for health are discussed. The possible areas of studying positioning of health preservation in the system of personality values, including health culture, are proposed. The possible structurization of factors determining health condition and healthy life-style are proved. The scope of principles and approaches for subsequent elaboration of methods, standards, instruments and regulations of complex methodology of studying issues of health preservation and its organizational technologies are established

<italic>Mobilizing Materiality: The Role of Digitisation in the Preservation of and Access to Berenice Abbott’s Acetate Negatives</italic>

This paper considers how digitisation can be mobilized by museums as a tool of both photographic preservation and access by placing the materiality of its objects at the fore. Using the digitisation workflow of the acetate negatives in the Berenice Abbott Archive at the Ryerson Image Centre this paper will address these concerns. First, this paper will describe the material aspects of Abbott’s acetate negatives, and the preservation issues in the collection. Second, it will describe the monitoring of vinegar syndrome present in the collection and the development of a digitisation workflow based on acetic acid off-gassing and the development of a priority sequence. Third, this paper will demonstrate how digitisation can be used to preserve and provide access to the object, its condition, and the image without sacrifice.

PALACES IN VINNYTSIA REGION: PROBLEMS OF PRESERVATION AND INVOLVEMENT INTO MODERN CULTURAL LIFE

Nowadays the issue of preservation and actualization of historical and architectural heritage in Ukraine is acute. It is important not only to preserve some sights but also to promote their development and adaptation to modern requirements. The palaces of Vinnytsia region, which began to be actively built at the end of the 18th century, have significant potential in this process. Throughout their existence, many palaces had different owners, who were modifying the appearance of the buildings. During the nineteenth century, there was a variety of architectural styles, the dominant of which was classicism. In the process of political and socio-economic changes in society, palace complexes acquired a new meaning and functions. From the beginning of the twentieth century, palaces were used not for their original purpose, which caused their decline today. There are about forty venues of various degrees of preservation on the territory of the region. The irrational use of palaces remains a problem. The integration of historical and architectural landmarks into the life of society involves a comprehensive approach. An effective method to restore and preserve palaces is revitalization, which is to return lost functions or provide new ones to the venues.

Wooden Buildings in Market Squares of Polish Small Towns: Bielsk Podlaski and Kleszczele—The Issue of Preserving and Restoring Historical Values of Market Spaces

In the past centuries, small towns in Podlaskie Voivodeship were dominated by wooden buildings. Nowadays, there are not many of them left. However, they can still be found in the centers of towns, including some market squares. These are often inconspicuous objects, mainly wooden houses. This paper discusses the issue of the significance of wooden buildings, especially houses, in maintaining and restoring historic values of market spaces in small towns of Podlaskie Voivodeship in the examples of Bielsk Podlaski and Kleszczele. The research determined the moment of rapid changes, during which most marketplace buildings lost their historic form. The existing condition was analyzed in terms of its historical values. Conclusions were formulated on the scope and type of restoration works for individual market squares. Finally, general conclusions from the research on the market squares of Bielsk Podlaski and Kleszczele were presented.

Grinnell: America’s Environmental Pioneer and His Restless Drive to Save the West

Mired as we are in many conservation and preservation issues, it can be good to know how it all started. George Bird Grinnell is that reminder. Born in New York in 1849 and dying there in 1938, he straddled the age of the closing of the western frontier and the beginning of the age of now: no frontier, easy travel, and recreational hunting. He saw pristine, and he saw it end, too, with melancholy and sadness. He saw an entire human culture done in and became personal friends with some of the victims. He founded conservation societies and magazines hoping to undergird a hunting culture with ethics and alert the public to what he saw ending. When that was not enough, he leaned on politicians to influence laws. As a naturalist and a hunter, he co-founded the Boone and Crockett Club and founded the Audubon Society. These disparate societies reflected an issue of the time—management through conservation or preservation, which was at the core of the Hetch Hetchy debate, and highlights a tension still present today. This is especially relevant for birds, down 3 billion since 1970 (Rosenberg et al. 2019). and hunted and watched by millions. Grinnell knew both sides; we could use him today.

Якутский круговой танец ‘оһуохай’ в изданиях 1990-х - начала 2000-х годов

The purpose of the paper is to shed light on development of studying the Yakut circle dance ‘оhуохай’ on the basis of works published from the 1990s to the early 2000s. The research is novel in that it is the first to raise the question of development of studying the Yakut circle dance by historical periods. Such an analysis makes it possible to consider the selected genre in the diachronic perspective. As a result, it is found that the range of scientific fields that consider the functioning of the Yakut circular dance was expanding in that period. There emerged an independent branch, ethnic pedagogy, which addresses the issues of transfer and preservation of the circle dance. During that period, the Yakuts’ circle dance was primarily called ‘оhуохай’.

THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF LEGAL AND REGULATORY LEGISLATION ON PRESERVATION OF HEALTH IN QUARANTINE CONDITIONS

The article raises an issue of preservation and strengthening health in pandemic conditions, because self-isolation and restrictions on the movement of people cause the loss of physical activity and the emergence of chronic diseases. It is known that all quarantine restrictions and rules are being created and regulated by the state at the legislative level. We appeal to the primary sources of quarantine legislation for deeper understanding of the issue. The purpose of the article is to investigate the historical background of legal and regulatory legislation on preservation of health in quarantine conditions. The following methods of analysis have been used: comparison and synthesis of theoretical data. The period of formation of quarantine legislation is divided into 3 phases: the period of the Middle Ages, the period before the First World War (the 19th century) and the postwar period. The article investigates the history of conduction of the first quarantine measures in Europe during the Middle Ages and the history of creation of the first quarantine legislation in Venice, Hetmanshchyna and the Russian Empire during the 14th – 18th centuries. It has been revealed that the rules of the fight against the spread of epidemiological diseases were established in the 19th century, the first international sanitary conventions and medical authorities in the Russian and Ottoman Empires were created to slow the spread of such dangerous diseases as cholera, plague and yellow fever, not harming the free international trade at that time. The article analyses the results of the first (1851), the fourth (1874) and the seventh (1892) International Sanitary Conferences and the positive and negative consequences of them. It also describes the creation of the first international medical organisations, such as the Office International d'Hygiène Publique (L'Office International d'Hygiene Publique), established in 1907, the Health Organization of the League of Nations, established in 1923 after the First World War, the Hygiene Committee of the League of Nations, established in 1926, and the World Health Organisation (WHO), established in April, 7, 1948 as the medical authority of the United Nations Organisation. The article generalizes the aims of the above-mentioned organisations and their contribution to the combat against the epidemiological diseases of the first half of the 20th century. It has been concluded that we should adhere to the classical principles of the preservation of health in the conditions of coronavirus pandemic to effectively withstand the spread of this virus.

World Heritage Sites in developing countries: Assessing impacts and handling complexities toward sustainable tourism

The current study addresses several concerns regarding World Heritage Sites (WHSs) in developing countries. Using a novel super-efficiency parallel framework, this research firstly elucidates how WHS designation impacts the tourism sector in the 21 developing nations with the greatest number of WHSs from 2000 through 2016. The proposed parallel model assesses the tourism industry at both the macro level in the context of resource-oriented efficiency and the micro level in facility-oriented efficiency. The results demonstrate that the WHS brand positively impacts the tourism demand in developing countries and can be used as a promotional tool. Secondly, this work draws attention to the socio-ecological concerns related to WHSs in developing countries. It sets out a critical and factual discussion based on the current designation and conservation status of WHSs. The analysis highlights an unfair distribution of WHSs between developing and advanced economies and reveals negligence in their preservation, since around 94% of sites labeled In Danger are located in developing nations. The study concludes that the conservation of WHSs is a complex societal problem and offers policy implications for handling heritage inscription and preservation issues in developing countries. Finally, it explores pathways toward sustainable conservation of WHSs, based on United Nations sustainable development goals (SDGs) for safeguarding heritage and sustainable communities (SDG 11), for more effective institutions (SDG 16), and for fair and nonhegemonic partnership between advanced economies and developing countries (SDG 17). The outcomes may be of practical value to policymakers aiming to improve tourism and heritage management.

A Digital Micro-Game Approach to Improve the Learning of Hand-Weaving Art and History

This research focuses on the young people and an issue of national handicraft preservation in the form of southern style hand weaving. A game is used in the study on arts and cultures as a learning medium optimized for the young people who play an important role in preserving the traditional handicraft being at the verge of extinction. The “Exploring Na Muen Sri” was developed based on digital micro-game and Person-Artefact-Task model as well as the game production with the purpose of creating the learning media and a simulation containing new knowledge about hand-weaving art and history that is suitable for the young people. The case study was on the weaving history of Na Muen Sri Community located in the southern Thailand. An experiment was conducted with undergraduate students to explore the effectiveness of the proposed approach in the field of cultural study. The results show that the game can effectively enhance players’ cognitive growth along with cultural awareness. It can be concluded that the simulated learning environment created in the digital game enables to bring about comprehension supporting the lifelong learning of hand weaving art and history while simultaneously preserving the local wisdom of hand weaving of fabrics.

Digital Evidence and Cloud Forensics: Contemporary Legal Challenges and the Power of Disposal

Fighting crime in cyberspace requires law enforcement authorities to immerse in a digital ocean of vast amount of information and also to acquire and objectify the evidence of criminal activity. Handling digital evidence is a complex and multifaceted process as they can provide critical evidentiary information in an unquestionable and irrefutable way. When digital evidence resides in a cloud storage environment the criminal investigation is faced with unprecedented contemporary legal challenges. In this paper, the authors identify three main legal challenges that arise from the current cloud-based technological landscape, i.e., territoriality (the loss of location), possession (the cloud content ownership) and confiscation procedure (user authentication/data preservation issues). On the onset of the identified challenges, the existing American, European and International legal frameworks are thoroughly evaluated. Finally, the authors discuss and endorse the Power of Disposal, a newly formed legal notion and a multidisciplinary solution with a global effect as a result of collaboration between technical, organizational and legal perspectives as an effective first step to mitigate the identified legal challenges.

A Smartcard-Based User-Controlled Single Sign-On for Privacy Preservation in 5G-IoT Telemedicine Systems.

Healthcare is now an important part of daily life because of rising consciousness of health management. Medical professionals can know users’ health condition if they are able to access information immediately. Telemedicine systems, which provides long distance medical communication and services, is a multi-functional remote medical service that can help patients in bed in long-distance communication environments. As telemedicine systems work in public networks, privacy preservation issue of sensitive and private transmitted information is important. One of the means of proving a user’s identity are user-controlled single sign-on (UCSSO) authentication scheme, which can establish a secure communication channel using authenticated session keys between the users and servers of telemedicine systems, without threats of eavesdropping, impersonation, etc., and allow patients access to multiple telemedicine services with a pair of identity and password. In this paper, we proposed a smartcard-based user-controlled single sign-on (SC-UCSSO) for telemedicine systems that not only remains above merits but achieves privacy preservation and enhances security and performance compared to previous schemes that were proved with BAN logic and automated validation of internet security protocols and applications (AVISPA).

A challenge of fertility preservation in the setting of cervical cancer - a clinical case

The issue of fertility preservation in patients with cervical cancer is getting more and more common considering the improved effectiveness of early diagnosis and treatment of cancer. There is a number of evidence-based tactics available to the patients with diagnosed cervical cancer. These tactics have been proved effective and include methods such as ovarian transposition; oocyte, embryo and ovarian tissue cryopreservation. Nonetheless, there are no existing medical algorithms to define the priority of actions that should be taken in such cases of restricted time. The objective of this clinical case report is to highlight an existing concern towards the decision-making process regarding fertility preservation in patients with cervical cancer.In this paper we report a clinical case of fertility preservation tactics in a patient undergone ovarian transposition. We pay attention to particular features of the controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) and oocyte retrieval process typical for such patients. The article discusses the subject of COS and oocyte retrieval effectiveness compared to patients who did not undergo ovarian transposition. The 35-year old patient presented 9 month after ovarian transposition to perform oocyte cryopreservation. As a result of COS 3 oocytes were aspirated, compared to 20 oocytes in another patient of comparable age and medical history, but with no ovarian transposition performed.Regarding particular conditions constraining ovarian stimulation and oocyte retrieval after ovarian transposition, we recommend to consider the possibility of performing oocyte/embryo cryopreservation before ovarian transposition in patients with cervical cancer. Prioritizing oocyte and embryo cryopreservation in case of having sufficient time before treatment could significantly improve possibilities of achieving genetically related offspring in a long-term perspective.

Россия и Япония: научно-техническое сотрудничество в области рыбного хозяйства

Russia and Japan are the closest neighbors in the northwestern Pacific. They have common maritime borders and common marine resources. Limited contacts of scientists of the two countries in the field of fisheries began more than 100 years ago since the time of the Portsmouth Peace of 1907. Currently, Russian-Japanese scientific and technical cooperation in the field of fisheries is carried out under two intergovernmental agreements. Also, scientists from the two countries collaborate in a number of international fisheries organizations. Now the issues of preserving and studying the oceans are elevated to the rank of high state policy of Russia and Japan. This may be an additional impulse for cooperation between Russia and Japan in the field of fisheries.

АКТУАЛЬНІ ПРОБЛЕМИ ВАЛЕОЛОГІЧНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ СТУДЕНТІВ В УМОВАХ ЗМІШАНОГО НАВЧАННЯ

У статті висвітлена проблема збереження здоров’я студентів в умовах змішаного та дистанційного навчання. Описано аналіз досвіду та результати дослідження чинників, які є причиною погіршення стану здоров’я студентів під час організації дистанційного і змішаного навчання.
 Зосереджено увагу на шляхах розв’язання завдань валеологічного виховання студентської молоді у закладах вищої освіти, обґрунтовано умови зміцнення здоров’я студентів, та формування у них усвідомлення необхідності дбати про стан здоров’я.
 Наголошено на необхідності підтримки і бажання у студентської молоді бути здоровими, а також формування вміння і навичок дотримання здорового способу життя.

Formation of students' value attitude to a healthy lifestyle on the basis of the concept of pedagogical incentives: a sociocultural analysis

Social and cultural realities of modern society have actualized the increase in the value of a healthy lifestyle, which gives a person some guarantees in a difficult situation of environmental, socio-economic, biotechnological threats. In this regard, one of the priority tasks of the modern education system is preservation and strengthening of the younger generation's health. Students belong to a socially unprotected group. Therefore, the issues of preserving, strengthening and forming a value attitude to health is one of the most important problems of modernity. The education system, being the basis for the stabilization and development of the social structure, must ensure the formation of a personality with certain needs that will contribute to health preservation. Today, the number of students leading a sedentary lifestyle and subject to such bad habits as smoking, drinking alcohol, etc. remains stable. The article discusses the problem of social stimulation of the formation of students' value attitudes towards a healthy lifestyle, analyzes approaches to basic concepts. These include «incentive», «social stimulation», «pedagogical stimulation», «health», «healthy lifestyle». Also, the principles of activity of university teachers on the formation of students' value attitude to a healthy lifestyle have been determined.

THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES OF ASSESSING THE SOCIAL SECURITY OF THE REGION

The subject of research in the article is the theoretical foundations of the formation and development of the category of social security in the region. The purpose of the work is to analyze the preconditions for the formation of social security, to reveal the chronology of the formation of the concept of social security from the standpoint of international experience and to conduct an etymological, morphological analysis of the concept of social security. The article solves the following tasks: to investigate the theoretical aspects of the formation of the concept of social security, to determine the features and main directions of its development; to substantiate the expediency the approaches to social security; to conduct an etymological analysis of the concept of social security. The following methods are used: method of analysis and synthesis, classification-analytical method, abstract-logical method, historical-retrospective analysis and generalization. The following results were obtained: the definitions of foreign and Ukrainian scientists were systematized, morphological analysis was implemented, which made it possible to determine theoretical and methodological signs of this concept. The components of social security were justified: the macro level, the mesoroven and the micro level. The key ideas of the concept of social security, which are embedded in international and state normative legal acts, are identified. It has been proved that the reflection of the provisions of the concept of social security in international documents has influenced the practical implementation of developments in social policy around the world. The study of social security levels made it possible to distinguish the micro level, or personal level of human security. Based on the concept of social security, trends and results of social and economic processes are determined, while combining a system of goals, objectives, destabilizing and stabilizing factors of the external and internal environment. Conclusions: The analysis of social security has proved the need to focus the attention of the State on issues of social protection, namely interests, freedoms, preservation and development of human potential, ensuring a decent and high standard of living, regardless of age, gender, income level of the population. To assess the level and state of social security, it is proposed to use instrumental, situational, static, process, systemic and functional approaches. The concept of social security is complemented by modern studies of human capital, human development, and regional economy.

Differential identifiability clustering algorithms for big data analysis

Individual privacy preservation has become an important issue with the development of big data technology. The definition of ρ-differential identifiability (DI) precisely matches the legal definitions of privacy, which can provide an easy parameterization approach for practitioners so that they can set privacy parameters based on the privacy concept of individual identifiability. However, differential identifiability is currently only applied to some simple queries and achieved by Laplace mechanism, which cannot satisfy complex privacy preservation issues in big data analysis. In this paper, we propose a new exponential mechanism and composition properties of differential identifiability, and then apply differential identifiability to k-means and k-prototypes algorithms on MapReduce framework. DI k-means algorithm uses the usual Laplace mechanism and composition properties for numerical databases, while DI k-prototypes algorithm uses the new exponential mechanism and composition properties for mixed databases. The experimental results show that both DI k-means and DI k-prototypes algorithms satisfy differential identifiability.

THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO DETERMINING THE ESSENCE OF STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT OF DENTAL MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS

Topicality. Reforming the modern health care system requires comprehensive strategic measures that will help improve the management of modern health care facilities, including dental health facilities. The market of dental medical services is an important component in the structure of the market of medical services, as evidenced by the intensive development of dental services, expansion of not only medical but also cosmetic services, improving their quality and level of service. Therefore, there is an urgent need to determine the essence of the management of strategic development of dental institutions. Aim and tasks. Purpose and objectives: to determine the fundamental theoretical approaches to understanding the essence of management of strategic development of dental institutions. Research results. The level and quality of medical services characterize the sustainable development of the country, as other areas cannot be fully developed if the health care system is low. Formation and development of strategic management is an important part of corporate management not only of the production enterprise, but also of health care institutions, and it acquires especially important participation in the conditions of medical reform with the purpose of further social, medical, financial and economic competitive advantages in the medical services market. Without effective medical care, citizens are not interested in solving secondary problems, because the issue of preserving and maintaining health is always in the first place. With the spread of market development priorities, the management of medical institutions in general and dental medical institutions in particular is becoming important. Conclusion. Management of strategic development of dental medical institution is aimed at introducing new dental medical technologies, improving the level of professional training of medical staff of dental medical institutions and improving the quality of dental care using new standards in dentistry. Management of strategic development of dental medical institutions is possible only with the support of the dental care system by the state, through standardization, certification and financial support, observance of human rights in the health care system and state support of dental care to socially vulnerable groups.

A political framework for understanding heritage dynamics in Turkey (1950–1980)

AbstractThe article focuses on the actions of the High Council for Immovable Historic Works and Monuments (HC), which was active from 1951 to 1983 as the sole decision-maker in issues of historic preservation for all historic structures and sites in Turkey. The HC archives reveal a historical and political framework for understanding the context within which the HC operated. Expert knowledge, especially in the conservation of historic cities, has been a powerful instrument, although the use of this instrument depended on the political context. The HC extended its authority in the 1950s, operating under a conservative autocratic government. In the 1960s and 1970s, on the other hand, when central power was lacking and society was dominated by political violence, chaos and economic instability, the HC could reinforce and exercise its power to raise standards in historic preservation in line with the international conservation movement.