Nutritional Issues Research Articles

Carcake as a healthy and nutritious dessert

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is among the nutritional issues in Indonesia. Addressing the issue of vitamin A deficiency and food diversification are performed by making a product that uses available and cheap raw materials containing provitamin A such as the carrots. Carrots have various nutrients and chemical compounds such as antioxidants and carotenoids. This study aimed to determine the consumer acceptance of the carcake (carrot cake) with carrot flour as a substitute ingredient. This descriptive-analytical research relied on a valid experimental method using an analytic observational approach with a completely randomized design. The carcake is a modified cake using carrot flour substitution with different concentrations (100%, 80%, 70%, 60% and 50%). Friedman test was used to determine the most favorite formula. Based on hedonic testing, the values obtained for color, taste, aroma, and texture aspects were 36.76%, 38.86%, 39.39% and 36.42%, respectively, for each formula with carrot flour addition concentrations of 100%, 70%, and 60%. The selected formula of the carcake was 150 g of carrot flour in term of taste, aroma, color and texture. Substitution of carrot flour in carcake is acceptable as alternative to improve vitamin A intake.

Pregnancy Anemia its Relation to Low Birth Weight (Lbw) Incidence

Anemia is one of the major nutritional issues in Indonesia and a prevalent problem among pregnant women worldwide, with a relatively high incidence rate. Pregnant women are particularly susceptible to anemia because the increased nutritional requirements during pregnancy are crucial for both maternal health and fetal growth. Pregnancy-related anemia is defined as a hemoglobin (Hb) level less than 11 (g/dL) in the blood of pregnant women. This study aims to analyze the relationship between anemia and the occurrence of Low Birth Weight (LBW). The research was conducted in the VK Room of Sugio Primary Health Care, Lamongan Regency, over a period of 2 months in August-September 2023. The research method used was a Retrospective Observational Study with a Cross-Sectional design. Based on the Chi-Square statistical test results, the p-value was 0.025 (p-value < 0.05). In conclusion, this study found a significant association between anemia during pregnancy and the incidence of LBW.

Management of gastrointestinal and nutritional problems in children on home invasive mechanical ventilation.

In recent decades, the patient survival is increased due to advances in intensive care units and development of modern mechanic ventilators. Unfortunately, it is not always possible to wean these children from mechanical ventilation. Recently, after placement a tracheostomy tube, these children can be supported at home with noninvasive or invasive mechanical ventilation. Most of the children who need ventilation support at home have neurological impairment. The nutritional issues and gastrointestinal (GI) complications are well defined in critically ill patients, but there are very limited studies on children with tracheostomy. Considering that majority of the patients have neuromuscular disorders, the nutritional and GI problems of the children with tracheostomy are discussed in light of the knowledge of critically ill patients.

Nutritional support in oncology: the place of parenteral nutrition (literature review)

Currently nutritional support is considered as one of the most important components of the treatment of cancer patients. This is due to the positive effect of correction of nutritional status on the course of the underlying disease, the tolerability of antitumor treatment, rehabilitation measures and quality of life. The most important principle of nutritional support is its continuity at all stages of the patient's curation: polyclinic, inpatient, rehabilitation. The purpose of the review was to discuss nutritional support for cancer patients with an emphasis on parenteral nutrition. Out of more than 120 initially selected literature sources from various databases (Scopus, Web of science, RSCI, etc.), 55 sources were left for analysis mainly over the past 5 years, earlier publications were used while maintaining their informativeness for clinicians. The modern concept of parenteral nutrition implies the appointment of drugs “three in one”. Parenteral nutrition should include not only macronutrients, but also micronutrients: fat- and water-soluble vitamins, ω-3 fatty acids. It has been established that the development of infectious complications with nutritional support is not related to its type, but to the calorie intake. The issues of additional parenteral nutrition with inadequate enteral nutrition are examined. The clinician should personalize nutritional support taking into account the type of tumor process, its stage, the characteristics of the patient and the severity of eating disorders. During the treatment of patients with oncological diseases, it is necessary to assess the state of their nutritional status and, if necessary, carry out correction. The doctor is obliged to choose the optimal way to provide the patient with energy and plastic materials – oral supplemental nutrition, enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition or a combination of them. Clinical practice shows that the rejection of parenteral nutrition is accompanied by a decrease in the quality of nutritional support. The choice of the type of nutritional support is based on the indications for its implementation, which are detailed in the clinical recommendations. Strict adherence to the algorithm of correction of nutritional status depending on the stage of cancer, the patient's condition, the type of antitumor therapy will optimize the results of treatment and improve the quality of life.

Оn the Issue of Nutrition of the Population of the city of Kursk in the Early Years of Soviet Power (1918-1923)

Оn the Issue of Nutrition of the Population of the city of Kursk in the Early Years of Soviet Power (1918-1923)

To conduct a retrospective study on nutritional issues among newly diagnosed children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia cancer to determine the prevalence and severity of malnutrition at the time of diagnosis

To conduct a retrospective study on nutritional issues among newly diagnosed children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia cancer to determine the prevalence and severity of malnutrition at the time of diagnosis

Initial results of an international survey on nutritional issues in patients with cancer

Initial results of an international survey on nutritional issues in patients with cancer

Effects of nutritional issues on adverse outcomes in older adults with disabilities: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Effects of nutritional issues on adverse outcomes in older adults with disabilities: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Booklet preventing stunting based Android application (<i>Bocesting</i>) as a tool to enhance maternal nutritional behaviour and nutritional status

The most common health problem was the lack of nutrition, known as stunting. One approach to addressing nutritional issues in young children was through health education using the android method. The study aimed to analyze the differences in the influence of stunting prevention education using booklet media and an Android-based application on maternal nutritional behavior and nutritional status, with the ultimate goal of preventing stunting cases. The research design employed a quantitative approach, specifically a Quasi-Experiment. Measurement tools included questionnaires assessing maternal nutrition behavior, with the samples divided into three intervention groups and one control group (n=51). Data analysis involved statistical tests, including Wilcoxon, Mann Whitney U, and Kruskall Wallis H. The results indicated that educational media using booklets significantly improved maternal nutrition behavior after the intervention (p<0.05). However, there was no significant increase in the nutritional status of children (p=0.317). Similarly, the Android application intervention group exhibited a significant improvement in maternal nutrition behavior (p<0.05), while the nutritional status of the children did not significantly change (p=0.193). A significant difference was observed in the impact of the media interventions between the booklet and Android application intervention groups and the control group regarding the enhancement of maternal nutritional behavior (p<0.05) and children's nutritional status (p>0.005). In conclusion, educational media in the form of booklets and Android applications can influence maternal nutrition behavior and children's nutritional status in the context of stunting prevention education.

Perception of Nutrition in Adults with Sickle Cell Disease: Concept Elicitation of Nutritional Status and the Mini Nutrition Assessment

Introduction Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a genetic disorder that causes recurrent vaso-occlusive pain events, functional impairment, and nutritional deficiencies due to increased metabolic demands. Prior studies have highlighted nutritional issues in people with SCD, such as micronutrient and macronutrient deficiencies, low body mass index (BMI), and a recent rise in obese adults with SCD. In older adults in the general population, evaluation and management of nutritional status is essential since malnutrition can weaken the immune system and increase the risk of hospitalization and death. Despite the importance of nutrition, little is known about the best way to evaluate nutritional status in older adults with SCD. To identify a relevant yet efficient method to evaluate nutritional status, we conducted content elicitation interviews to describe how younger and older adults conceptualized nutrition. Based on the content of the interviews, we piloted a brief nutritional survey called the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA); a common nutritional measure in geriatric assessments. Methods As standard practice for concept elicitation, we conducted semi-structured interviews with adults SCD in 4 separate focus groups: two groups of young adults age 18-39 and two groups of older adults age ≥ 40 years. Participants were asked about their perception of the construct of nutrition as part of a longer concept elicitation interview assessing the content validity of the Sickle Cell Disease Functional Assessment (SCD-FA), which is the geriatric assessment for adults with SCD. After focus group transcripts were analyzed using rapid qualitative analysis, we administered the MNA to a separate cohort of adults with SCD, since its content on macronutrients and hydration was consistent with how adults with SCD conceptualized nutrition. The scores on the 6-item MNA-Short Form (MNA-SF) range from 0 to 14 with higher scores indicating better nutritional status. Scores 12-14 indicate a normal nutritional status, 8-11 indicate at risk for malnutrition, and 0-7 indicate a malnourished state. Results The 4 focus group interviews included 6 younger adults (age 18-39) and 8 older adults (age ≥ 40 years) with SCD. Participants were 57% females and 79% had severe SCD genotype (HbSS or HbSβnull-thalassemia). In the focus groups, participants described a healthy diet as one that included the major food groups, which were generally defined as protein, fruits and vegetables, and starches/carbs. The majority discussed the importance of adequate hydration to reduce the risk of pain crises. Additionally, participants reported trying to substitute water for soda, juice, and caffeine containing beverages. Many participants stated that a healthy diet involved limited processed foods and sugars. Despite knowledge of the characteristics of a “healthy” diet, some participants expressed difficulty maintaining this diet. Based on these qualitative results, we selected the MNA to evaluate nutrition since it included items on hydration and assessed intake of various food groups as described by focus group participants. We administered the MNA-SF to a cohort of 88 adults with SCD and 81 had complete data to score the MNA-SF. The mean score for the MNA-SF for all participants was 11.7 ± 1.8 (younger adults 11.6 ± 1.9 and older adults 11.9 ± 1.8; p= 0.44). The MNA-SF identified 40% (n=34) as being at risk of malnutrition [36% of older adults and 46% younger adults]. Two participants were identified as being malnourished (1 younger and 1 older adult). On remaining MNA items (Table 1), 25% of participants reported decreased food intake with 17% having only 1 meal/day. Most participants (85%) consumed ≥ 1 serving of protein/day and 75% had ≥ 2 servings of fruits or vegetables/day. Most participants (68%) drank > 5 cups of water/day. Results were similar for younger and older adults with SCD. Conclusion Data from the focus group interviews revealed that BMI and unintentional weight loss measures alone did not comprehensively capture how people with SCD perceived the concept of nutrition. Incorporating the MNA-SF enhanced measurement of the nutritional domain in the SCD-FA by capturing data on food intake and hydration. In future studies we will assess the construct validity of the full MNA in a larger sample to identify older adults with SCD who would benefit most from nutritional interventions.

Toward mental well-being with nutrition education: addressing nutrition issues in Indonesia.

Toward mental well-being with nutrition education: addressing nutrition issues in Indonesia.

ANCIENT GRAINS, MODERN MARVELS: EMBRACING MILLETS IN AYURVE-DIC HEALING FOR OPTIMAL HEALTH

Nutrition is a crucial aspect of health and development. Healthy eating is related to improved immune systems, safer pregnancies, and births, a reduced chance of diseases that are not transmissible (such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease), as well as improved longevity. Nonetheless, today's way of life and food choices lead to poor health and nutritional issues such as obesity and diabetes. Millets, which have no impact on weight and have an abundance of nutrients, can be employed in such cases. Millets are a group of small-seeded grasses widely farmed as cereal grains for human and animal use worldwide. Most millets belong to the Poaceae or Gramineae family, which is a grass family. Millet is high in protein, fibre, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, potassium, and manganese, thus serving as a nutrient powerhouse. This article discusses millet and its significance in our daily lives. Some millet preparations are additionally clarified so that they might be included in our daily lives.

Adaptation for Balancing Nourishment among Flood-Affected Children

Purpose: The variety of behaviours and solutions that people, families, communities, and organizations use to help kids who struggle with nutrition issues. The study's objective is to equip politicians, healthcare professionals, and educators with information they can use to create interventions that are more focused and long-lasting to find suitable practices of adaptation for overcoming nourishment among children during floods. Design/Methodology/Approach: To develop a thorough understanding of adaption methods for child feeding, the study used both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Female community health volunteers (FCHVs), mothers, and caregivers participated in semi-structured interviews and focus groups where information was obtained. The study also included prior research to give background and a framework for analysis. The area was selected from a highly flood-affected area of Nepal. Data were collected through home visits and in-depth interviews taken with 3-5 years Childrens’ households’ mothers or caregivers. Children's weight height and Mid Upper Arms circumference (MUAC) were measured. Findings/Result: The results of the study reveal a field adaptive approach utilized to handle issues with infant nutrition. Dietary changes, nutrition education that was sensitive to cultural differences, community-based initiatives, legislative measures, and cutting-edge technological advances were all part of the discipline. The study identifies both successful and unsuccessful tactics. Originality/Value: This is the empirical research to recommend a pragmatic solution for nourishment issues among flood-affected children of Nepal. Paper Type: Research paper

Kshudradhanya in Daily Lifestyle w.s.r. to Millets: A Critical Review


 
 
 Nutrition is a crucial factor in both health and development. Better nutrition is linked to stronger immune systems, safer pregnancies and births, a lower risk of non-communicable diseases (including diabetes and cardiovascular disease), and longer lifespans. However, the modern style of life and eating habits contribute to poor nutrition and health issues including diabetes and obesity. Millets, which don't make you gain weight and are also incredibly nutritious, can be employed in these circumstances. A variety of small-seeded grass species called millets are widely grown as cereal grains for human and animal nutrition around the world. The bulk of the plants that are frequently referred to as millets are members of the grass family Poaceae or Gramineae. Due to its abundance in protein, fibre, magnesium, phosphorus, copper, potassium, and manganese, millet is a nutrient powerhouse. The value of millets in daily life is discussed in this article. A few millet preparations are also explained in order to include them into daily life.
 
 

Triple burden of malnutrition among Malaysian children aged 6 months to 12 years: current findings from SEANUTS II Malaysia.

This paper aims to report South East Asian Nutrition Surveys (SEANUTS) II Malaysia data on nutritional status, dietary intake and nutritional biomarkers of children aged 6 months to 12 years. Cross-sectional survey conducted in 2019-2020. Multistage cluster sampling conducted in Central, Northern, Southern and East Coast regions of Peninsular Malaysia. 2989 children aged 0·5-12·9 years. Prevalences of stunting, thinness, overweight and obesity among children aged 0·5-12·9 years were 8·9 %, 6·7 %, 9·2 % and 8·8 %, respectively. Among children below 5 years old, 11·4 % were underweight, 13·8 % had stunting and 6·2 % had wasting. Data on nutritional biomarkers showed that a small proportion of children aged 4-12 years had Fe (2·9 %) and vitamin A deficiencies (3·1 %). Prevalence of anaemia was distinctly different between children below 4 years old (40·3 %) and those aged 4 years and above (3·0 %). One-fourth of children (25·1 %) had vitamin D insufficiency, which was twice as prevalent in girls (35·2 % v. boys: 15·6 %). The majority of children did not meet the recommended dietary intake for Ca (79·4 %) and vitamin D (94·8 %). Data from SEANUTS II Malaysia confirmed that triple burden of malnutrition coexist among children in Peninsular Malaysia, with higher prevalence of overnutrition than undernutrition. Anaemia is highly prevalent among children below 4 years old, while vitamin D insufficiency is more prevalent among girls. Low intakes of dietary Ca and vitamin D are also of concern. These findings provide policymakers with useful and evidence-based data to formulate strategies that address the nutritional issues of Malaysian children.

SOFTWARE FOR NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT OF PEOPLE WITH GLUTEN-RELATED DISORDERS

In the context of complex nutrition issues, nutritional assessment software for people with gluten-related disorders can be a precious tool for professionals in the field. It could serve as a support for novice nutritionists. The purpose of this research is to develop software for the nutritional assessment of people with Gluten-related disorders (GRDs) in the Republic of Moldova, intended for nutrition students. The development of the Software followed the systemic approach of the Nutrition Care Process, which is a graphical visualization illustrating the internal and external steps and factors that influence the use of the process. The nutritional Software was developed based on the information system Embarcadero RAD Studio Alexandria Edition, having Microsoft SQL Server as a database. The developed Software offers a personalized and precise approach, taking into account the consumer's anamnesis, the results of clinical evaluations, and anthropometric parameters, but also specific biomarkers for GRDs and offering the possibility of data recording, scanning and archiving of the results obtained from the laboratories analysis sampling. The system includes functionality to monitor and evaluate client progress toward health goals, and nutrition users can effectively track progress and make appropriate adjustments.

From Local Initiatives to Coalitions for an Effective Agroecology Strategy: Lessons from South Africa

Agroecological food system transformation remains marginal in South Africa despite numerous policies, plans and programmes favouring sustainable agriculture. Problems of weak budgets, fragmented interventions and lack of coordination reflect the power dynamics in the prevailing food system, dominated by large-scale conventional agriculture and agribusiness. The paper provides an in-depth case study of the importance of promoting agroecological transitions. Following a qualitative research methodology based on a literature review for context, preparatory discussions with local contact points, and semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with local actors in the field, the paper describes, analyses and characterises the agroecological transitions in the Overberg District in the Western Cape. It considers the broader policy, discursive and organisational landscape of agroecology followed by an in-depth analysis of the site drawing on key informant interviews and focus group discussions. The results demonstrate that local stakeholders are positioned to better connect food and nutrition issues with human health, biodiversity, climate change, natural resource management, and local development. As a result, transformative dynamics could emerge from local projects and programmes. Several lessons and recommendations are drawn to contribute to the policy debate. These highlight the potential of multi-actor coalitions which can develop from specific agroecological initiatives and activate positive dynamics, bringing in multiple interventions of municipalities.

What outcome do older adults with cancer prioritize when asked?

316 Background: The critical components of cancer care for older adults with cancer are geriatric assessment, goal setting, and skilled communication. Does defaulting a serious illness communication checklist inform preferences among outcomes from older adults with cancer? Methods: Patients ≥ 75 with a new solid tumor diagnosis were navigated into an older adult pathway. In addition to a standardized geriatric assessment (including physical fitness, function, cognition, psychological wellness, social support, caregiver distress, and nutritional status), the Serious Illness Conversation Guide (Ariadne Labs, Harvard Medical School) was used to structure the conversation around goals and values. The Outcome Prioritization Tool was used to elicit preferences for older adults. Results: 171 consecutive older adults were assessed from September 2021 to April 2023. The median age was 83 (range 75-97). Using the VES-13 survey, 11% of patients were fit, 62% vulnerable and 27% frail. Issues in cognition (12%), psychological health (22%), social support (39%), and nutrition (29%) were noted. Preserving independence was the most common treatment goal (77%) for older adults and quality of life was a common value (82%). Through shared decision-making, nearly one in three patients deviated from standard of care to align treatment with their priorities. Conclusions: Patient and caregiver value assessment is important to prioritize in cancer care. By leveraging behavioral economics, using a default pathway, and allocating appropriate resources, we were able to structure how older adults navigated through a community oncology clinic and personalized treatment plans with their goals.

Automated Menu Planning Algorithm for Children: Food Recommendation by Dietary Management System using SVM, RF, DT for Indian Food Database

In recent years, childhood obesity and related health issues have become a major concern worldwide. Proper nutrition is crucial for children's growth and development, making it essential to ensure they have a balanced and nutritious diet. This study presents an innovative approach to address this issue through an Automated Menu Planning Algorithm for Children (AMPAC). AMPAC utilizes a Dietary Management System powered by the SVM, RF, DT (Iterative Dichotomiser 3) decision tree algorithm, specifically designed for the Indian food context. The proposed system leverages a comprehensive Indian Food Database, encompassing diverse and culturally relevant food items. By integrating the SVM, RF, DT algorithm, AMPAC can analyze the nutritional content of various foods and recommend suitable meal plans based on specific dietary requirements. The system considers essential factors such as age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and any existing health conditions to create personalized and balanced menus. To validate the effectiveness of AMPAC, extensive testing and evaluation have been conducted using a diverse group of participants, including children, parents, and nutrition experts. The results demonstrate the system's accuracy, efficiency, and user satisfaction, highlighting its potential to revolutionize menu planning for children and promote healthier eating habits. This research contributes to the fields of nutrition, computer science, and public health by offering an innovative solution to address the critical issue of childhood nutrition. AMPAC's user-friendly interface and intelligent algorithm empower users to make informed food choices, ultimately fostering a healthier and happier future generation. Key Words : Automated Menu Planning, Food Recommendation, SVM, RF, DT Algorithm, Indian Food Database, Childhood Nutrition, Nutritional Requirements, Personalized Diet.

A personalized approach to the management of breastfed infants with functional gastrointestinal disorders and cow’s milk allergy. The role of nutritional recommendations for a nursing mother

Introduction. Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) in infants are a complex of symptoms from the gastrointestinal tract that cannot be explained by structural or biochemical disorders. To alleviate the symptoms of functional disorders, a set of measures is required, first of all, psychological support for the mother and, of course, rational feeding, which includes maintaining breastfeeding, optimizing the nutrition of the nursing mother. Despite the abundance of professional information on this issue, previous studies demonstrate a low level of women’s awareness of nutrition during breastfeeding. The aim of the work is to determine the effectiveness of recommendations on nursing mother’s nutrition in the complex treatment of breastfed children with FGID and allergy to cow’s milk proteins.
 Materials and methods. Seventy five mother–child pairs were included in the study. 1–4 months infants exclusively breastfed during the study were divided into two groups: 1 — FGID infants (n = 51) and 2 — infants with suspected cow’s milk allergy (CMA) n = 24. In addition to the comprehensive treatment of the child, mothers of both groups were given recommendations on the nursing woman’s nutrition. Mothers of children from group 2 were assigned a diagnostic dairy-free diet for a period of 1 month. 
 Results. On the 2nd visit, when analyzing the symptoms of the FGID in group 1, the number of children with symptoms of regurgitation of more than 2 episodes per day decreased by 28% (p < 0.001), crying for more than 3 hours per day — by 52% (p < 0.001). Children of group 2 with a clear positive effect from the diagnostic dairy-free diet therapy of the mother (n = 20) were diagnosed with Allergic and alimentary gastroenteritis and colitis (K52.2 — 10th revision of ICD-10), the continuation of the dairy-free diet for the mother and the supervision of an allergist were prescribed. The survey of women showed that all nursing women were interested in nutrition issues during lactation, 92% of the surveyed mothers searched for this information on the Internet. At the same time, only 12% of women considered this information to be sufficient. Evaluating the presented materials on nutrition, the overwhelming majority of respondents replied that they helped them to adjust their diet and expand nutrition, as well as to maintain breastfeeding.
 Conclusion. Thus, an integrated approach in the management of FGID infants and gastrointestinal manifestations of food allergies, including the use of nutrition recommendations developed in the National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health for nursing women, allows achieving a positive effect on the side of symptoms both in FGID and CMA patients, and also contributes to the improvement of the psycho-emotional state of a woman and prolonged breastfeeding.