Issues Of Cooperation Research Articles

УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ПРАВОВИХ ОСНОВ СИСТЕМИ ДРІБНОГО СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКОГО КООПЕРАТИВНОГО КРЕДИТУ В УКРАЇНІ ЗА ЧАСІВ СТОЛИПІНСЬКИХ РЕФОРМ (1906-1917 рр.)

У статті досліджено процес формування правових основ системи дрібного сільськогосподарського кооперативного кредиту, початок якому було покладено «Зразковим статутом» ощадно-позичкових товариств, схваленим Міністерством фінансів Російської імперії 19 липня 1871 р. Згідно з цим правовим актом, основним завданням ощадно-позичкових товариств було формування обігових коштів, необхідних дрібним сільськогосподарським товаровиробникам з ряду непривілейованих станів для купівлі насіння, худоби, знарядь праці, без чого господарювати на землі практично неможливо. У наступні десятиліття імперський центр вжив цілу низку актів нормативного характеру, з тим щоб унеможливити масове розорення широких мас так званих «сільських станів», які, як відомо, були основними платниками податків і, відповідно, від яких залежало формування державного бюджету. Наступним, після 1871 року, ключовим етапом у становленні кооперативного кредиту на українських землях Російської імперії були: «Положення про установи дрібного кредиту» від 1 червня 1895 року та «Положення про установи дрібного кредиту» від 7 червня 1904 року. Останній законодавчій акт став своєрідним фундаментом цілої низки правових актів 1906–1917 років, результатом яких у тогочасній країні сформувалась чітка система кредитної кооперації, якою досить активно користувалися непривілейовані стани від початку столипінських перетворень і до відомих соціальних потрясінь 1917року.

Glimpses of Diabetes Management

Diabetes Management presents findings, analysis and commentary on the battle with Type I and Type II diabetes. Articles published in Diabetes Management address improvements in current therapeutics and patient compliance together with perspectives on future prospects. Coverage focuses on the key objective of stabilizing blood glucose levels in individuals with either form of the disease, and the associated issues of patient co-operation and education. The journal also reflects the frontiers of current research, such as attempts to recreate pancreatic cells through stem cell technology or islet cell transplantation, the development of a vaccine for Type 1 disease and the potential for biomarkers to be used for the detection. The increasing understanding of the molecular basis of the disease and associated genetics will play an important part in future diabetes management.

The issues of international cooperation of Russia in countering the economic crime

Subject. We analyze the aspects of Russia's cooperation with other countries in countering the economic crime. Objectives. The article analyzes methods and goals of Russia's cooperation with other countries, dealing with general issues and aspects coordinated by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Federal Security Service, Federal Customs Service and Federal Service for Financial Monitoring. Methods. The study is based on the economic analysis, methods of classification and modeling, deduction and synthesis. Results. We studied what various international relations organizations of Russia do in countering the economic crime. We unveil some aspects of such a cooperation, i.e. legal attache, international treaties, common security council, communications, international compliance. Russia was found to cooperate most actively with Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Cyprus, Latvia, France, the USA, Spain, Germany, Kazakhstan, Palestine, Israel, Azerbaijan and Armenia. Conclusions and Relevance. States need the international cooperation and its advancement to effectively counteract with the economic crime. It is especially important as the transnational crime proliferates. However, the international cooperation is impossible if institutional, legal and regulatory aspects are not refined. The article suggests what should be dine to make the cooperation more effective.

Міжнародне співробітництво у кримінальному провадженні

У статті розглянуто поняття і сутність міжнарод-ного співробітництва в кримінальному провадженні. Висвітлено стан дослідження проблеми міжнародного співробітництва в кримінальному провадженні. Проа-налізовано основні нормативно-правові акти, що регу-люють сферу міжнародного співробітництва в кримі-нальному провадженні, а також визначають порядок та зміст такого співробітництва. Стаття присвячена визначенню поняття міжнародного співробітництва, місця міжнародного співробітництва в кримінально-му процесуальному праві. Проводиться аналіз деяких форм міжнародної правової допомоги, передбачених Кримінальним процесуальним кодексом України, ін-ших нормативно-правових актів. У статті проаналізовано підходи до визначення по-няття та змісту міжнародного співробітництва в кримі-нальному провадженні. Здійснено аналіз зіставлення міжнародного права та міжнародного співробітництва в кримінальному провадженні. Розкрито особливості міжнародного співробітництва на рівні різних країн та співтовариств.Висвітлені особливості інституту міжнародної пра-вової допомоги під час кримінального провадження, процесу видачі осіб, які вчинили кримінальне право-порушення, перейняття кримінального провадження. Зазначено правове підґрунтя регулювання міжнарод-ного співробітництва в кримінальному провадженні. Наведений аналіз деяких положень Кримінального процесуального кодексу України, Інструкції про поря-док здійснення міжнародного співробітництва з питань взаємної правової допомоги, видачі правопорушників (екстрадиції), передачі (прийняття) засуджених осіб, виконання вироків та інших питань міжнародного судового співробітництва в кримінальному проваджен-ні під час судового провадження з нормами відповідних міжнародно-правових актів, що регулюють міжнарод-не співробітництво в кримінальному провадженні. Пропонуються шляхи вирішення проблемних питань, пов’язаних із міжнародним співробітництвом у кримі-нальному провадженні.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ СИСТЕМИ КООПЕРАТИВНИХ ВІДНОСИН В АГРОПРОМИСЛОВОМУ ВИРОБНИЦТВІ

As a component of a market economic system, cooperation fills a competitive niche, serving producers who have the need and ability to enter the market, but who find it difficult to do so without interacting with other carriers of the same needs. Conditions and scales of cooperative activity, its economic and social efficiency are connected with the level of development of the economic system. Stable functioning of agro-industrial production depends on the formation of a mechanism to ensure balanced and sustainable development of all its industries, which is based on the principles of cooperation. The article considers topical issues of cooperation as a special form of socio-economic activity and an important component of transformation in rural areas. It is established that cooperation determines not only the form of management, but also the way of survival of agricultural producers in the harsh economic and political conditions of today. The peculiarities of the cooperative form of management are investigated, the essence of the cooperative enterprise is determined. There are many approaches on defining the characteristics of cooperative organizations in economics: voluntary membership and democratic governance; feature of distribution of results of economic activity and secondary role of the capital; openness; personal participation in management and economic activity; dominance of social goals; self- and mutual aid, which allow to obtain economic benefits from the association, etc. After analyzing the definitions of different authors and taking into account the peculiarities of the cooperative form of management, we define the cooperative as an open democratic association of people who must jointly solve problems by self-organizing the necessary services. The state and tendencies of development of agricultural cooperatives in Ukraine are analyzed. The interaction of different types of rural cooperation in the interests of economic development and social revival of the village is highlighted and substantiated. It is established that the conditions and scale of cooperative activity, its economic and social efficiency are related to the level of development of the economic system. The directions of functioning of the system of cooperative relations are offered.

Cooperation of Russia with Arctic Nations in the Field of Legal Regulation of the Use of Northern Territories

The paper considers the issue of cooperation between Russia and other nations of the Arctic zone and legal regulation of the processes related to interaction between the countries in this region. The most important legal provisions of international conventions and bilateral agreements on the use of the Arctic in economic and business activities are analyzed. Methods of scientific cognition are applied to study the essential areas of legal regulation of various aspects of human life and activities in the Arctic. Important aspects of international activity in the Arctic region are studied, such as: determining territorial belonging of northern lands to one or another nation, dividing jurisdiction of individual countries according to the principles of international law and agreements made between the participants of natural resource management in the northern regions. The issues concerning division of the sea shelf between bordering countries are covered. Based on the implemented approaches, certain results were reached: collisions between various international regulatory enactments were detected, and possibilities of settling some legal aspects of activities of the countries located in the Arctic were determined. Possible options were considered for the processes related to the development of natural resources in the northern seas and territories. It was established that the activities of the countries belonging to the Arctic group can ensure positive outcomes for comprehensive development of northern territories only in case there is full cooperation based on equal rights of all the countries in this region, which calls for joint development of a system of legal acts and international agreements covering the most important aspects of the use of the advantages of the Arctic zone for further sustainable natural resource management.

Benefits and barriers to cooperation in the process of building a place?s brand: perspective of tourist region stakeholders in Poland

Research background: Cooperation within the public and the private sectors is one of the conditions for a tourist region to achieve a competitive advantage, and it is one of the most important aspect for building a regional tourist brand. Research studies often raise the issue of tourism cooperation; however, there are few papers undertaking this topic in the context of place branding. The issue of benefits and barriers of this type of cooperation seen from the perspective of the involved stakeholders is rarely the sole object of research and is often presented indirectly or implicitly.
 Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to identify the benefits and barriers of cooperation seen by the local government and other representatives of regional tourism organization in the process of developing a regional brand.
 Methods: To achieve the aim of the paper, the authors conducted a case study of a region, specifically Podlaskie Voivodship in Poland. This case study involved individual in-depth interviews conducted among representatives of organizations ? members of the Regional Tourism Organization.
 Findings & Value added: The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of cooperation between tourism entities in the process of regional place branding. The authors established a conceptual framework for systematization of benefits and barriers of cooperation as seen by regional stakeholders. The benefits were grouped into the following categories: economic, organizational, marketing and social; and the barriers included economic, organizational, socio-cultural and political determinants.

Modeling the implementation of NDCs and the scenarios below 2°C for the Belt and Road countries

ABSTRACT In order to understand better on medium-and long-term climate change issues in international cooperation of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), this paper is meant to assess the implementation of National Determined Contributions (NDCs) of the BRI countries and the emission constraints under the Paris Agreement to hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, based on the Belt and Road Integrated Assessment Model (BRIAM) and the best available data. The results show that the BRI countries are expected to collectively reduce about 3.2 billion tons of CO2 emissions with the implementation of their NDCs by 2030. In order to achieve the global goal of 2°C, without appropriate mitigation burden sharing and enhanced climate finance support, the BRI countries will face big challenges to bridge the emission gaps. The investment in clean energy and related new infrastructures in BRI will rise sharply to above US$100 trillion by the end of this century accordingly with the increase in carbon price, which will also eventually have a significant impact on the price of electricity and oversea freight transport in a connecting world.

Opportunities in ASEAN-EU economic cooperation

The European Union (EU) is a dialogue partner of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) since 1977. This dialogue partnership was institutionalized with the signing of the ASEAN-EEC Cooperation Agreement on 7 March 1980. After that, the EU-ASEAN dialogue relations has grown and expanded in scope and depth. From the limited issues of trade, investment and development cooperation, its partnership has extended to social and cultural affairs; and political and security dialogue. The findings indicate that the ASEAN and EU are ‘natural trading partners’ and should pursue a region-to-region FTA. But an ASEAN-EU FTA is not an easy process given the lack of regional institutional structure and processes in ASEAN coupled with the diversities within the region.

Stackelberg game approach for sustainable production-inventory model with collaborative investment in technology for reducing carbon emissions

Greenhouse gases (mainly carbon dioxide) is one of the important factors contributing to extreme weather we face today. The carbon cap-and trade and carbon offset are common but important carbon emission reduction policies in many countries. Further, carbon emissions generated by corporate activities can be effectively reduced through specific capital investment in green technology. However, such kind of capital investment is rather costly and is unlikely for a single company to solely invest in it. Moreover, most decision-making situations in business are correlated instead of independent. Therefore, this paper explores potential competitive and cooperative issues of the sustainable product-inventory models with collaborative investment in carbon emission reduction technology under carbon cap-and trade and carbon offset polies. A Stackelberg approach of game theory is utilized for determining the optimal equilibrium solution between the buyer and the vendor under different carbon emission reductions. Realistic data examples are used to demonstrate the solution and sensitivity analysis on the main variables. The results indicate that proportions of investment by the vendor and buyer in carbon emission reduction technology play a critical role in both parties’ shipping, ordering strategies and profits. This role becomes more prominent as the proportion of investment increases. In addition, an increased proportion of investment in carbon emission reduction technology involves increased investment and thus contributes to the fulfillment of the carbon reduction goal. Finally, a comparison between the carbon cap-and-trade and carbon offset policies reveals that, although increases in the carbon trading price and carbon offset price are both conducive to carbon emissions inhibition, they exert different effects on the total profits of the vendor and buyer.

Finland’s Arctic strategy: international cooperation and legal aspects

The article is devoted to the issues of international cooperation of Finland in the Arctic in the sphere of environment on a stable international legal basis. The international cooperation in the Arctic began at the government level in 1991 at Rovaniemi at the meeting of the Arctic countries ministers. The improvement of the regulatory and legal framework for environmental protection and perfection of the legal instruments of interaction with international environmental organizations is a priority task in the development of the Arctic zone. The development of interstate relations is promoted by a multitude of Arctic forums and discussion platforms that unite Finland and Russia in virtue of these countries geographical neighbourhood and trade and economic relations. Finland actively stands for mutually beneficial bilateral and multilateral cooperation with the Arctic countries on the basis of international treaties and agreements, and favours international scientific and technical cooperation within the framework of global and regional technological and research projects in the Arctic. The international attention to the prospects of the Arctic, as well as Finlands climate-related agreements and commitments, required a revision of the national legislation on environmental. In the first 11 months of 2018, the Parliament of Finland received 265 draft bills in the sphere of ecology for consideration. The protection of indigenous small-numbered nations, their original habitat and traditional way of life is based on the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. In the authors opinion, the study and application of the experience and achievements in the field of digital technologies in legal science in Finland will give a positive impetus to the perfection of the Russian digital model of legal groundwork for the Arctic, it will favour the improvement of the regulatory and legal framework for laying the foundations of state governance of the Russian Federation Arctic Zone and for legislative recognition of its status as a special object of state regulation, and it will also promote development of technologies for legal monitoring, legal prognostication and expert examination of international projects of statutory legal acts.

Reforming the International Criminal Court (icc) to Achieve Increased State Cooperation in Investigations and Prosecutions of International Crimes

This article examines the issue of state cooperation with the International Criminal Court (icc), and why it is vitally needed to achieve the institution’s mandate, including that of human rights protection. The article examines why state cooperation with the icc is so important and what issues undermine it, including disputes with the African Union, but many other issues as well. It surveys what the icc has done to promote cooperation and what steps ought to be taken to try and enhance state cooperation in the future. This is timely as the icc has set up a review process in 2020 to deal with a range of problems including state non-cooperation. The article therefore examines the practices and procedures of the Court, matters concerning its judges and staff, issues around the appointment of a new prosecutor, as well as and judicial appointments, as well as its jurisprudence. The article examines the issues that ought to be addressed, as well as how a variety of actors could better assist the Court, including the Security Council, the wider United Nations system, and the methodology for doing so. The article also reviews what defensive strategies can be taken up to defend the Court, including against aggressive anti-icc actors, such as the United States of America, who are ramping up their attacks on the Court and its personnel.

RELATIONS BETWEEN TURKEY AND RUSSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF ENERGY PARTNERSHIP

This article discusses issues of modern cooperation between Turkey and Russia in the context of energy diplomacy. The article deals with the issues of formation, development of key moments and important aspects of changing the energy strategy of Turkey and Russia. The main factors contributing to the rapprochement of bilateral relations, including relations on several topical issues of international relations, are identified. The question of the interdependence of the two economies is the main point of this study. As a methodological basis of the study, the authors used the methods of comparative-political and system-functional analysis of international relations and the world economy. The issues of the influence of the interdependence of the economies of Russia and Turkey on the political dialogue between the two countries are considered. The key points in bilateral relations, the main risks, and threats are analyzed. The prospects for the further development of relations are also considered. As threats, the points related to the bloc unity of Turkey and NATO, the status of the Crimea, and questions about the Black Sea straits were highlighted. The current state of relations between Ankara and Moscow are mutually beneficial, but repeated asymmetry is not excluded.Keywords: Russia, Turkey, energy diplomacy, gas pipeline, Black Sea, security, foreign policy, cooperationJEL Classifications: F5, O3DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.8448

Cooperation with Turkey in Development of Tourism Sector in Uzbekistan

This article outlines the issues of cooperation between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Republic of Turkey in the field of tourism, the legal framework for the development of tourism in Uzbekistan and projects implemented by entrepreneurs of the two countries, practical issues, and key issues in the field of industry development.

Prospects for Tajikistan’s accession to the EEU

The article analyzes the bilateral economic cooperation of the Republic of Tajikistan and the Russian Federation. The paper considers the possibilities and prospects of the Republic joining the Eurasian Economic Union. Topical issues of migration and investment cooperation were also considered. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of the problems that the Republic of Tajikistan may encounter when joining the union, and possible ways to overcome them.

Systems of monitoring and evaluation of the financial development institution’s projects: an analytical review

In modern conditions, one of the most important issues in cooperation’ development with International financial institutions is an increasing the effectiveness of joint projects and programs. An urgent problem is the development and improvement of national norms and rules and their harmonization with European and world approaches (taking into account the chosen development vector) to prevent or reduce risks in the process of preparing, implementing, monitoring, managing and evaluating the effectiveness of such projects and programs. The paper explores approaches to monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of financial development institutions’ projects, which actively contribute to the advance of society, including the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals, which were approved at the 2015 UN Summit. A critical analysis of the existing methodological and theoretical approaches proved the absence of a unified methodology for multi-criteria evaluation of the effectiveness of projects, implemented with the participation of financial development institutions. In particular, the authors focused attention and examined the following international methodologies, used in monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of financial development institutions’ projects, namely: the Corporate-Policy Project Rating (CPR); Development Effectiveness Rating (DERa); the Dutch Impact Model Methodology (IMM), Success Criteria Model, Development Impact Model (DIM), the International Finance Corporation's valuation systems: Development Outcome Tracking System (DOTS) and The Anticipated Impact Measurement and Monitoring System (AIMM). It is noted, that approaches to monitoring and evaluating the financial development institutions’ participation in projects, devoted to improve the effectiveness of the countries’ economies, in which investments are directed, should take into account the implementation of the following four components: 1) governance, 2) development impact, 3) effectiveness and 4) financial additionality. It was emphasized that regarding further cooperation of Ukraine with financial development institutions on the issues of development and improvement of its efficiency, there should be found or developed an approach, which would take into consideration the accumulated experience and various aspects, related to the project effectiveness: both from the financial side and the achievement of certain social, quantitative, qualitative and other parameters and indicators, reflecting the degree of achievement of particular Sustainable Development Goals.

Арктика в 2019 году: международный и национальный аспекты (вопросы международного сотрудничества и безопасности)

Арктика в 2019 году: международный и национальный аспекты (вопросы международного сотрудничества и безопасности)

The relative significance of higher education–industry cooperation barriers for different firms

The barriers to higher education–industry cooperation (HIC) have been studied extensively. However, it is not yet clear which barriers affect which partner firms, which barriers may prevent cooperation altogether or which drivers help to overcome which specific barriers. To answer these questions, the authors conducted an original survey (a novel sample that included micro firms and small and medium-sized enterprises) and looked at HIC barriers in relation to firm characteristics and cooperation drivers. More than half of the survey sample had engaged in HIC. The results suggest that small export-oriented firms may not find suitable competences in higher education institutions and are therefore less likely to engage in HIC. Larger companies do engage in cooperation, but find strategic differences (goals, stances, time allocated) to be significant issues in cooperation. From the viewpoint of firms, possible solutions (drivers) include easy access to more information on HIC opportunities as well as support and training for student mobility.

SCIENTIFIC COOPERATION ACROSS THE BRICS

The creation of the BRICS as a non-traditional international organization in the status of a global forum brings new meaning to the norm-setting of international organizations, including in the field of scientific cooperation. This paper aims to identify and analyze the up-to-date and complete normative framework of scientific cooperation across the BRICS which is a result of the BRICS norm-setting. The achievement of the stated aim is pursued through the identification of the distinctive features of the BRICS norm-setting by comparison with the norm-setting of traditional international intergovernmental organizations and by analysis of the BRICS regulations dealing with issues of scientific cooperation. Within the process of researching this subject the author analyzed the BRICS regulations of different levels from the Joint Statements of the BRICS Countries’ Leaders and the Summits Declarations to the BRICS working papers as aframework program. The main finding of the research is that the normative framework of scientific cooperation across the BRICS is a set of non-legally binding norms contained in the regulations adopted at the various meetings of national officials within the BRICS. This finding can contribute to a better understanding of the application of the BRICS norms.

Study to Develop a Co-Relationship between Water Quality and Land use Pattern as Index of Riverine Wetland with Statistical Approach

Abstract This investigation additionally recognizes partner cooperation issue and furthermore to moderate the real issue through subjective and quantitative appraisal of riverine wetland. Considering a floodplain wetland in rustic West Bengal, the concentration was extended to perceive the type of wetland capacities as per the idea of individuals’ contribution by group examination. Be that as it may, NDVI was connected to ponder the total weeds condition into the wetland to decide the connection between Water Quality Index (WQI) with Normalized Difference Vegatation Index (NDVI) and its impact on valuation. In ANOVA, which is computed by MINITAB programming, centrality level was lower than 0.05 for each case.