Isotonic Sodium Chloride Solution Research Articles

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ИНФУЗИОННОЙ ТЕРАПИИ ПРИ ЛЕЧЕНИИ СОБАК, БОЛЬНЫХ ПАРВОВИРУСНЫМ ГАСТРОЭНТЕРИТОМ

The article presents the results of studies obtained through a comparative assessment of the infusion therapy effectiveness in treating dogs with parvovirus gastroenteritis. The problem of veterinary services for dogs in the conditions of Russian cities is becoming relevant, since in recent years in a number of cities of the Russian Federation outbreaks of natural focal and especially dangerous infections have been noted, when the source of their pathogens were domestic and synanthropic animals living near human dwellings, in economic and industrial objects and directly in urban areas. In connection with the increase in the incidence of parvovirus enteritis in dogs, the damage caused to them, in our country and abroad, the problem of studying this disease is becoming very urgent, as evidenced by numerous literary publications. The use of new drugs with a number of positive properties is limited and the issues of their use in veterinarian practice have not been sufficiently studied. The aim of the research was to carry out a comparative analysis of infusion therapy effectiveness when treating dogs with parvovirus enteritis. The studies were carried out at the “Doktor Aibolit” clinic in Rostov-on-Don. The subjects of the research were dogs with parvovirus enteritis. The initial diagnosis was made on the basis of anamnestic and clinical data, the final diagnosis was made only after laboratory tests and serological diagnostics. According to the principle of analogs, 15 dogs with parvovirus enteritis were selected for the experiment, and 3 groups were formed - 2 experimental and 1 control, 5 dogs each. Treatment of dogs with parvovirus enteritis was carried out in combination with the obligatory prescription of etiotropic and pathogenetic therapy. In 1 experimental group, Reamberin was used 100-200 ml once a day, in group 2 - RingerLocke’s solution; and in animals of the control group we used isotonic sodium chloride solution 0.9%. The effectiveness of infusion therapy in curing dogs with parvovirus gastroenteritis, using Reamberin, showed a 100% result; using a Ringer-Locke solution - 80%; using 0.9% sodium chloride - 60%. Based on the studies carried out, we recommend to use Reamberin at a dose of 100- 200 ml for intravenous infusion once a day for 4-5 days, for the treatment of dogs with parvovirus enteritis, as part of complex therapy.

EFFECTS OF MODULATORS OF REDOX-SENSITIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS ON NEUROLOGIC DEFICIT IN RATS AFTER TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

This study was aimed as investigating the effects of modulators of transcription factors NF-κB, AP-1 and Nrf2 on the survival rate of white rats and the development of neurological deficits following the simulation of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The study included 110 white Wistar male rats weighing 180-220 g, divided into 6 groups. Control group involved animals after the TBI injury simulation (n=30). The animals of other groups (16 rats in each) were intraperitoneally injected with modulators of transcription factors after the simulation of the trauma for 7 days: ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, an inhibitor of nuclear translocation NF-κB, was injected in a dose of 76 mg/kg; AP-1 SR 11302 inhibitor – in a dose of 1 mg/kg; Nrf2-ARE system inductors as dimethyl fumarate in a dose of 15 mg/kg in a 10% dimethyl sulfoxide solution and epigallocatechin-3-gallate in a dose of 1 mg/kg. The test animals were also injected with a water-soluble form of quercetin (corvitin), which acts as an NF-κB inhibitor and Nrf2 inducer, in a dose of 100 mg/kg (10 mg/kg in terms of quercetin). The animals in the control group were injected intraperitoneally with 1 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution instead of the tested compounds mentioned above. It has been found out that on the 7th day after the simulation of moderate TBI most animals showed signs of neurological deficit including impaired muscle tone (83.3%), impaired coordination (83.3%) and pain reaction (66.7%). Integral indicator of neurological deficit by Todd et al. 100-score grading scale was 51.33±2.95. The use of inhibitors of transcription factors NF-κB (ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate) and AP-1 (SR 11302), the Nrf2-ARE system inducers (dimethylfumarate and epigallocatechin-3-gallate) and the water-soluble form of quercetin (corvitin) increases rats’ survival rate, significantly limits their signs of neurological deficit and its integral index.

ДИНАМИКА ПРОГЕСТЕРОНА И ГОНАДОТРОПИНОВ В КРОВИ ТЕЛОК ПРИ СИНХРОНИЗАЦИИ ПОЛОВОЙ ОХОТЫ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ УДЧ ДИОКСИДА КРЕМНИЯ

The paper presents the results of studying the possibility of controlling the links of hormonal regulation of the reproductive cycle of cattle using silicon dioxide in an ultra-dispersed form to increase fertilization during frontal insemination. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of silicon dioxide UDPs when used in the scheme for synchronizing the sexual cycle of heifers on the dynamics of progesterone, FSH and LH and the fertilization of animals from frontal insemination. The studies were carried out on breeding age heifers of the red steppe breed. We formed two groups by 10 heifers – the control and the experimental one. In both groups, the synchronization of estrus was carried out by double application of estrophan. In the experimental group, the animals were simultaneously injected with estrophan with a solution of silicon dioxide ultra-dispersed particles in isotonic sodium chloride solution (dose of silicon dioxide 10 μg/kg). Blood for the determination of hormones was taken from heifers on the 1st, the 11th and 14th days of the experiment. All animals were inseminated frontally with deep-frozen semen by the rectocervical method. It was found that in the experimental and control groups, the dynamics of gonadotropins during the induced sexual cycle was similar; however, the LH level before insemination in heifers of the experimental group exceeded that in the control by 0.81 ng/ml (34.4%). Fertility of heifers in the experimental group was 70.0%, in the control – 50.0%. The effect of silicon dioxide in the UDP form on the dynamics of sex hormones and the fertility of heifers from frontal insemination during estrus synchronization was studied for the first time.

ОЦЕНКА БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ НОВОГО ПРЕПАРАТА «МТ-6» В ОСТРОМ ОПЫТЕ НА БЕЛЫХ МЫШАХ

The article presents the results of assessing the safety of the new drug "MT-6" in an acute experiment on white mice. Experiments to assess acute toxicity were carried out in three series of experiments with intragastric, subcutaneous and intramuscular routes of administration in duplicate. The drug was administered intragastrically once after a 12-hour fasting diet in doses from 5500 to 10000 mg/kg in a volume of 0.5 ml per mouse; subcutaneously – in the dose range from 2000 to 6800 mg/kg in a volume of 0.5 ml per mouse; intramuscularly – in doses from 2000 to 6800 mg/kg in a volume of 0.25 ml per mouse. Control animals were injected with sterile isotonic sodium chloride solution in the same volumes and by the same methods. During the first day after the administration of the drug, the experimental animals were monitored continuously, then for 14 days – 2 times a day. On the basis of toxicometric data obtained during the experiment, the parameters of acute toxicity of the drug "MT-6" were established: with intragastric administration LD50 7828.5 mg/kg, with subcutaneous administration LD50 4994.1 mg/kg, with intramuscular LD50 3841.9 mg/kg. Based on this, it was concluded that the investigated drug belongs to GOST 12.1.007-76 to the 4th hazard class – low-toxic substances; according to Hodge and Sterner (1943) to the 5th hazard class – practically non-toxic substances; according to Sidorov K.K. (1977) – to the 6th class of hazard – relatively harmless substances.

The experience of polyhexanide usage as a part of wet environment in the treatment of limited burns

INTRODUCTION. The results of the treatment of patients with restrictive burns I-II degrees are presented in the article. The OBJECTIVE of the research was to establish the efficiency of the usage of polyhexanide included in wet environment in the treatment of burns I-II degrees. METHODS AND MATERIALS. The research was conducted in 2 groups of patients. In the first group (N=33), local treatment of hand wounds was performed in condition of wet environment created by isotonic solution of sodium chloride, in the second group (N=18) - with usage of polyhexanide as antiseptic and isotonic chloride saline solution. For evaluation of efficiency of the treatment, we studied the terms of the beginning of epithelialization of the wound surface, pain syndrome severity, microcirculation and conducted microbiological research of wound exudate. RESULTS. The appearance of the first signs of wound epithelialization after the beginnings of treatment was observed in 1.5 times in average sooner in the second group than in the first group. Pain syndrome was jugulated by the 3rd day in the first (research) group in 19 % of cases, in the second (control) group - in 46 % (p<0.05). In the second group, perfusion of tissues in the border area reduced, in the same time in the first group, it remained unchanged. The number of swabbing cases with Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis increased in the first group by the 3rd day in contrast with the second group, where such cases was not noted or occurred significantly less often. CONCLUSION. The usage of polyhexanide as a part of wet environment promotes the reduction of wound surface swabbing level that allows to speed up the appearance of the first signs of wound epithelialization, reduces the severity of pain syndrome, and modeling of tissue microcirculation in periwound area.

Оценка эффективности препарата «Форвет»® в комплексной терапии инфекционного ринотрахеита кошек

The article presents the results of a multicenter randomized placebo-controlled study of the effectiveness of the drug «Forvet»®.
 Purpose of research. To determine the effectiveness of the drug «Forvet»® in the complex therapy of infectious rhinotracheitis (herpes virus infection FHV-1) in cats.
 Materials and methods. The effectiveness of the drug was investigated in a multicenter randomized placebo-controlled study, which was conducted in two veterinary clinics of the Heliet network (Saint Petersburg) in the period from 09.01.2019 to 31.12.2019.
 The experiment included 120 cats aged 5 to 6 months, weight 1.5... 2 kg, with a diagnosis of «infectious cat rhinotracheitis», based on the results of diagnostic studies (anamnesis, PCR, clinical blood test, body temperature, discharge from the eyes and nasal cavity, the presence of lesions on the mucous membranes). PCR and clinical blood tests were performed on the day of the animal's treatment (to confirm the diagnosis), on the 5th and 10th days of treatment. During the study, the animals were examined by a veterinary specialist with documented clinical signs on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 10th days of treatment.
 The treatment regimen was the same for all animals and included the use of an antibacterial drug (sinulox) for 10 days according to the instructions; eye treatment with lotion (chamomile), eye ointment (tetracycline 1 %) ― 2 times a day,7 days. Group 1 (placebo) was administered an isotonic solution of sodium chloride, group 2 (experimental) was administered the drug «Forvet»®― in a dose of 1 ml, once a day, hypodermically for 10 days. Animals in a serious condition were additionally injected with a 5 % glucose solution ― 50 ml intravenously, once or twice a day, until the appearance of appetite.
 Results. Based on the analysis of the results of a multicenter randomized placebo-controlled study, the clinical effectiveness of the drug «Forvet»® ― a polysaccharide complex of the class of hexose glycosides as part of the complex therapy of cat herpesvirus infection (FHV pathogen) was established. In the treatment of rhinotracheitis in the group of animals that were used «Forvet»® observed faster elimination of the virus, the return of blood parameters to the limits of the physiological norm, a decrease in the severity of clinical signs of the disease by the fifth day and almost complete clinical recovery by the seventh day of treat

Results of use of seawater spray with brown algae extract in the early postoperative period in children after adenotomy

Adenotomy is one of the most common surgeries on the part of ENT organs in childhood, it is usually performed under endotracheal anesthesia.Purpose. To evaluate the effectiveness of the spray containing sea water and brown algae extract in the early postoperative period in children after adenotomy.Characteristics of the children and research methods. 24 patients aged from 4 to 10 years (12 boys and 12 girls) were examined and treated in the Otorhinolaryngology Department of the Perm Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital. All patients underwent adenotomy due to hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsil of the II–III degree, they received antibiotics for 5 days after surgery. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (study group, n=12) used, Aqualor Protect spray for irrigation therapy of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx; Group 2 (comparison group, n=12) used a spray with isotonic sodium chloride solution for irrigation therapy. 2 doses of saline solution were sprayed into each nostril 4 times for 4 days. Results. According to the medical examination, the study group demonstrated more pronounced improvement of the following indicators (visual analogue scale scores): overall health (p<0.05), swelling of the nasal cavity (p<0.05), hyperemia of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity (p<0.05), improved nasal breathing (p<0.034), the presence of mucous-hemorrhagic crusts in the nasal cavity (p<0.0001), general feelings (p<0.02). Conclusion. The spray with seawater and brown algae extract is more effective than nasal spray with isotonic solution in the early postoperative period in children after adenotomy.

Implementation of the method of acidic erythrograms to reveal the membranotropic effect of biologically active peptides

The method of acidic erythrograms was used to study the membranotropic effect of biologically active peptides (BAP). The air exposure of erythrocyte suspension in isotonic sodium chloride solution caused a decrease in their resistance to acid hemolysis: the time of hemolysis decreased, the integral indicator of erythrocyte resistance decreased too. The air exposure of erythrocyte suspension with the BAP solutions (10-8M) changed the hemolytic resistance of erythrocytes. It was found out that a non-opiate analogue of leu-enkephalin (NALE – Phe-D-Ala-Glu-Phe-Leu-Arg), Selank (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-ProGly-Pro) and Semax (Met-Glu -His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro) increase the resistance of erythrocyte membranes to acid hemolysis, and the Arg-Gly-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro peptide decreases the resistance of erythrocyte membranes to acid hemolysis. Membranotropic action can determine the nonspecific effects of BAP and the range of their clinical use. Acidic erythrograms can be used as a screening method for the selection of BAP with membranotropic effects.

Low-level laser therapy in periarticular morphological aspects of the knee of Wistar rats in rheumatoid arthritis model

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The deleterious effects of rheumatoid arthritis on periarticular tissues have not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, the search for treatments that can modulate the inflammatory profile and tissue remodeling is pertinent. The present study evaluated the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the morphology of periarticular tissues and synovial membrane of rats in a rheumatoid arthritis model. METHODS: Sixty-four male rats were divided into acute (7 days) and chronic (28 days) inflammatory periods, with four groups (n=8) each, being: CG (control group), LG (lesion group), CLaG (laser control group) and LLaG (laser lesion group). The animals of the lesion groups received two inoculations of Freund’s Complete Adjuvant at a concentration of 50µL, the first at the base of the tail, and the second at the right knee. The animals in the control groups were injected with isotonic sodium chloride solution. The ClaG and LLaG were treated with 660nm LBI, 5J/cm2 in the right knee. After the experimental period, the animals were euthanized, and the knees were processed for light microscopy. RESULTS: The CG and CLaG morphological analysis had normal aspects. The LG showed synovitis, femur, and tibia with changes in the periosteum, with inflammatory cells and bone modifications. In the LLaG, the synovial membrane showed signs of improvement. Bone tissue in the chronic period showed morphological aspects, denoting tissue remodeling. CONCLUSION: The experimental model was efficient in simulating inflammatory tissue events, and the low-level laser therapy showed beneficial effects on the morphology of the periarticular tissues.

Clinical results of an inactivated anti-brucella vaccine in combination with immunomodulators.

Aim:The aim of the study was to obtain a vaccine against animal brucellosis having high immunogenic properties by carrying an evaluation of the effectiveness of split-conjugated animal brucellosis vaccine combined with fosprenil and polypeptide C as a molecular immunomodulatory adjuvant according to the results of serological studies of the blood of animals: Agglutination reaction, complement fixation, and rose Bengal sample.Materials and Methods:Eighteen calves of Holstein Friesians breed, aged 5 months, with a living weight of 100-150 kg, were divided into three groups of six animals each. All animals were healthy and they received a prophylactic vaccination against brucellosis. The dry split-conjugated vaccine against brucellosis in animals was dissolved in saline and for this purpose, 10 ml of saline was poured into the vaccine vial. Then the content was mixed, and afterward 1 ml was used per animal. Fosprenil was used at the rate of 1 kg of animal weight: 100 kg (calf weight) was multiplied by 0.05 (dose/1 kg of animal weight); 5 ml of fosprenil was obtained, which was collected into disposable syringes and intramuscularly sterilely injected into the croup area.Calves in the first group (control) were intramuscularly injected with the vaccine at a dose of 1.0 ml, and fosprenil at a dose of 5.0 ml was administered intramuscularly once to the croup area. Animals from the second group were subcutaneously immunized by the vaccine with polypeptide C at a dose of 1.0 ml. Polypeptide C is a solution that was poured into a vial with a vaccine at a dose of 10.0 ml, the content was mixed, and then calves were injected subcutaneously into the middle third of the neck in 1 ml (10 doses in a vial).Immunization of calves in the third group was carried out with a vaccine, diluted with an isotonic sodium chloride solution of 0.9%, at a dose of 1.0 ml subcutaneously once. At the 14th, 30th, and 90th days after vaccination, a blood sampling was taken for serological tests: Agglutination test, complement fixation test, and rose Bengal test.Results:After conducting serological studies, it was noted that split-conjugated vaccine against animal brucellosis using fosprenil forms antibodies in large titers and they persist for a longer time in the body of animals compared to the other tested vaccine: The first combination with the immunomodulatory polypeptide C and the vaccine only on the physiological solution.Conclusion:The developed complex of split-conjugated vaccine against brucellosis in animals enhances the humoral immune response of the organism against brucellosis and improves the protection of animals against the disease when it is used with the immunomodulatory fosprenil. In the future, we want to expand the use of the resulting complex in the fight against brucellosis on a larger population and to study the change in cellular immunity after the introduction of the resulting complex on an animal organism.

Prevention of port site infection after laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute destructive cholecystitis in patients with I—II degree obesity

The aim — to assess the incidence of port site infection after laparoscopic cholecystectomy and laparoscopic cholecystectomy with bacteriophage therapy for acute destructive cholecystitis.Materials and methods. The analysis of the results of treatment of 96 patients with obesity of I — II stages at the age of 37 to 67 years carried out. All patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute destructive cholecystitis. The average body mass index was 35.04 ± 0.2 kg/m2. In the comparison group (n = 42), the subxiphoid trocar wound was sanitized with a 0.02 % decamethoxin solution in an isotonic sodium chloride solution (decasan solution) after gall bladder extraction. In the main group (n = 54), the subxiphoid trocar wound was irrigated with therapeutic and prophylactic bacteriophages (Sextaphag, Intesti‑bacteriophage, coli protein bacteriophage, and their combination). Treatment results were evaluated by the nature and frequency of infection of the trocar wound area.Results and discussion. Infiltrate and/or seromas of trocar wounds in the comparison group have observed in one (2.4 %) patient, in the main group — in 2 (3.7 %) patients. Suppuration of the trocar wound has observed only in the comparison group — 2 (4.8 %) cases. The nature of microbial bile flora and the exudate of the abdominal cavity, its amount, the sensitivity of microorganisms to antibiotics and bacteriophages were studied. In patients with gangrenous cholecystitis and local purulent peritonitis, microbial associations prevailed (65.9 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida strains and anaerobic flora were detected. In patients with phlegmonous form of cholecystitis, the sensitivity of Escherichia coli, Staphylococci, Streptococci, Proteas and Klebsiella to Sextaphag was 76.9 — 100.0 %.Conclusions. The bacteriophage therapy after laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute destructive cholecystitis contributed to a reduction of port site infection incidence in the postoperative period from 8.5 to 2.4 %.

Embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of ‘Vitosept’ on white rats

The effect of ‘Vitosept’ drug, based on sodium hypochlorite solution with high purity, obtained in a specially developed membraneless flow electrolyzer, on the embryotoxic and teratogenic properties in rats was investigated. To determine the embryotoxic effect of ‘Vitosept’ on the development of white rats offspring of the 1st generation, control and three experimental groups (G1, G2, G3) were formed from pregnant females. The females of the control group with a blunt probe were injected daily for 30 days with 5 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution, and experimental ones with 5 ml of ‘Vitosept’ drug with different concentration of high purity sodium hypochlorite: Group I (G1) — 50 mg/l; Group II (G2) — 100 mg/l; Group III (G3) — 500 mg/l. The animals were observed. During the observation the condition and behavior of the females, the dynamics of body weight change, duration of pregnancy, and the course of birth were monitored. The results of the experiment were recorded after the slaughter of pregnant females (20th day of pregnancy) and in the postnatal period of development of the offspring. Studies have shown that the use of different concentrations of the drug ‘Vitosept’ in rats for 30 days before and during pregnancy has no embryotoxic and teratogenic effects. According to the indicators of the total, pre- and postimplantation lethality of embryos, there were no reliable changes in the structure and morphometry of internal organs and tissues in 20-day-old fetuses, and their development corresponded to the terms of pregnancy. There was no significant difference between the fertility of female rats in the test and control groups. The average number of fetuses per female was within 9 animals. The rats obtained from the females of the experimental groups were viable and did not lag behind in growth and development compared with the control animals, which generally characterizes the studied drug ‘Vitosept’ as non-toxic, lacking embryotoxic and teratogenic action

MORPHOLOGICAL PREDICTORS OF VEIN THROMBOSIS DEVELOPMENT UNDER CONDITIONS OF ONCOPATHOLOGY

Nowadays pulmonary embolism is the second most common cause of death for cancer patients. The reason for this is activation of the blood coagulation system, depression of the coagulation system and fibrinolysis, decrease in the linear velocity of blood flow, phlebohypertension, as well as varicose reorganization of the vascular wall, its valves and endothelial cells. However, structural changes of veins as predictors of vein thrombosis in cancer patients are not sufficiently covered. At the same time, knowledge of these changes is important for understanding pathogenesis and prevention of thromboembolic complications. Objective: to find out the peculiarities of the restructuring of the structural components of the venous wall as a source of possible primary formation of intravascular thrombosis under conditions of oncogenic pathology. Material and methods. Histologic, submicroscopic and polarization data of the study of hind limb veins of 12 sexually mature non-linear rats - males weighing 170-180 g for 30 days of chronic neoplastic intoxication and vein fragments of 12 patients with colon cancer complicated by thrombosis were analyzed. Chronic neoplastic intoxication was simulated by subcutaneously injecting 7.2 mg / kg (based on the active substance) subcutaneously into the interscapular area once a week for 30 weeks, according to the weight of the animal at the rate of 0.1 ml of dimethylhydrazine hydrochloride solution (DMH). 10 grams of the body weight of rat 1,2-DMH (from SIGMA-ALDRICH CHEMIE, made in Japan, series D161802) pre-diluted with isotonic sodium chloride solution. Results and Discussion. Morphological studies of hind limb veins in experimental neoplastic intoxication mainly concerned submicroscopic reorganization of the endothelial cells and their desquamation, as well as platelet sweetening, which may be one of the links in pathogenesis of thrombus formation. Histological and electron microscopic examination of biopsy of the veins of patients with colon cancer found disorders of laminar intima, desquamation of endothelial cells, sclerosis of all membranes of the deep vein and neoplasm of vessels in the middle membrane. Patients with cancer are considred to have dystrophic-necrotic changes of skeletal muscle, which is one of the links in pathogenesis of hemodynamic disorders in the venous system of the lower extremities. Conclusions. The features of restructuring of the structural components of the venous wall, as a source of possible primary formation of intravascular thrombosis under conditions of oncogenic pathology include focal loss of integrity of the endothelial layer, endothelial dysfunction, sweetening of platelets, fibrotic remodeling of tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventitia, neovascularization of tunica media, dystrophic and sclerotic changes of the skeletal muscle.

Optimization of Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance Solid-Phase Extraction of Phthalates in Pharmaceutical Preparations

Phthalates, which are used as plasticizers to soften rough polymers in the industrial processes, possess endocrine system disrupting activities. In this study, a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance solid-phase extraction method was optimized for seven phthalates as dimethyl, dipropyl, benzyl butyl, di-n-butyl, dicyclohexyl, di-(2-ethylhexyl) and di-n-octyl phthalates in terms of the type and the volume of the conditioning and elution solvents. The phthalates were quantified by a validated HPLC/UV method. The recovery values were higher than 80% for dimethyl, dipropyl, benzylbutyl, di-n-butyl and dicyclohexyl phthalates. Using the optimized conditions three types of liquid pharmaceutical preparations as an intravenous isotonic sodium chloride solution, an intravenous dextrose solution and an osmotic laxative kept in polymeric packages were analyzed with high accuracy, precision and recovery. Only the intravenous isotonic sodium chloride solution was determined to be contaminated with dipropyl phthalate at a concentration of 13.2 μg/L.

Виробнича перевірка ефективності вакцини «Мастивак» проти клінічних та субклінічних маститів

При проведенні клінічних випробувань вакцини «Мастивак», корови були розділені на дві групи за принципом аналогів по 10 голів у кожній. Вакцину вводили підшкірно в ділянці середньої ділянки шиї в дозі 5 см3. Корови першої групи вакциновані двократно з інтервалом 15 днів. Корови другої групи вакцинації не піддавались. За коровами вели щоденне клінічне спостереження та щотижневе дослідження зразків молока. У корів другої групи (не вакцинована) були виявлені дві тварини з клінічними ознаками маститу та чотири тварини з ознаками субклінічного маститу. При дослідженні молока корів виявили, що у корів другої групи знижені показники якості молока – клас забрудненості молока 1, 2 та 3 в той час як молоко корів першої групи відповідає вищому класу.

Ефективність біологічно активного тканинного препарату при вирощуванні поросят

У статті представлені дані щодо вивчення ефективності тканинного препарату "Спленотон", який містить комплекс біологічно активних речовин ліпофільної фракції тканин селезінки великої рогатої худоби і є новою розробкою серед тканинних препаратів. "Спленотон" застосовували відлученим поросятам з ознаками гіпотрофії. Як показали результати проведених досліджень, препарат у рекомендованому виробником дозуванні, способі та кратності застосування не викликав місцевих та загальних побічних реакцій. За даними лабораторних досліджень зразків крові поросят, "Спленотон" не проявляв імунотоксичної, гепатотоксичної та нефротоксичної дії. Препарат добре переносився тваринами, сприяв збільшенню маси тіла поросят та помірній активації гемопоезу.

Morphological and biochemical parameters of blood of rats for the long-term effect of the drug “Vitosept”

The basis of the drug “Vitosept” is a solution of high-purity sodium hypochlorite (SH), which is obtained in a specially developed dyadiafragm flow electrolyzer, in the process of direct electrochemical reaction, bypassing the formation of molecular chlorine. As an initial electrolyte, an isotonic solution of sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl) was prepared on water purified by a special technology. Such solutions do not contain impurities of organic substances and transition metal ions. The resulting solution of SH is the optimal carrier of active oxygen. The purpose of the study was to find out the effects of various dosage of the drug “Vitosept” for its intravenous introduction, in a long-term experiment. As a result of the conducted experiments, it was found that during the entire observation period of the investigated drug “Vitosept” signs of inadequate reaction, intoxication or death of animals were not observed. At the same time, there were no reservations regarding behavioral reactions, reflex excitability, clinical manifestations of respiratory distress, urinary excision and defecation. Only animals of the 4th group, after administration of the highest dosage of the drug (500 mg/l), were slightly suppressed, were slightly responsive to acoustic and light stimuli, had somewhat disturbed reflex excitability. However, an hour after the cessation of giving the drug, the evidence of all the animals in this group disappeared. It was found out that for long-term intradermal introduction to the laboratory animals of the drug “Vitosept” at dosages of 50 and 100 mg/l, the abnormalities in the studied morphological and biochemical parameters of blood, compared to the same in the control group were not found. Concerning the rats of the IV group that received the highest study dosage of the drug (500 mg/l) through the probe, certain possible changes in the hematological, biochemical parameters of blood (leukocyte count increase in blood, activity of AsAT, LF, decrease in serum urea blood concentration, creatinine) were observed, in our opinion, compensatory and disappeared within a few days after discontinuation of the drug. Consequently, taking into account our previous studies on the establishment of the parameters of acute toxicity of the drug “Vitosept” and the results obtained regarding its effects on hemopoiesis and the functional state of the liver and kidneys, it can be argued that the drug “Vitocet” belongs to the IV class of compounds – low toxicity.

Reactive and destructive changes of Peyer’s patches in rats with experimental burn disease under infusion of detoxification solutions

The pathogenesis of burn immune dysfunction and burn enteropathy needs further clarification given that the cellular lesions of lymphoid tissue associated with mucous membranes are the least studied. The purpose of the study was to establish reactive and destructive changes in Peyer’s patches of rats after burn injury of the skin with the use of intravenous infusion of isotonic sodium chloride solution and combined colloid-hyperosmolar solutions. White male rats weighing 160-200 g at 6 months of age were divided into 4 groups (18 animals in each group): I, II, III – rats with burn skin injury (grade II-III burn with an area of 23% of body surface area and the development of moderate-severity shock state) which was administered a separate intravenous infusion once a day for the first 7 days of the experiment with isotonic sodium chloride, lactoprotein with sorbitol and HAES-LX-5%, in each case at a dose of 10 ml/kg; IV – intact animals. The material was collected from rats under deep thiopental intraperitoneal anesthesia after 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days after burn injury. Biopsies from Peyer’s patches for histological and electron microscopic examination were processed using conventional methods. Investigation of histological preparations stained with hematoxylin-eosin was performed on an Olympus BX51 microscope. Ultrathin sections were contrasted on copper support meshes with uranyl acetate and lead citrate according to Reynolds and studied using a PEM-125K electron microscope. Electron and light microscopy data indicate that intravenous infusion of colloidal-hyperosmolar solutions (lactoprotein with sorbitol and HAES-LX-5%) promotes suppression of inflammatory response, inhibits necrosis, and optimizes lymphoid apoptosis at Peyer’s patches of rats with experimental burn disease caused by burn injury to the skin of 21-23% of the body surface. Apoptotic lymphocytes and their apoptotic bodies are effectively phagocytosed by macrophages and are digestible in heterophagolysosomes. The apoptotic altered dendritic cells in Peyer’s patches are characterized by osmiophilic cytoplasm and a nucleus with high electron density amorphous nucleoplasm. In the cytoplasm are located mitochondria with enlightened matrix and destroyed cristae, irregularly expanded tubules of variable configuration of a granular endoplasmic reticulum with electronically transparent content and numerous derivatives of their vacuole transformation, which are sharply darkened. The fusion of vacuoles leads to the formation of large electron-luminous cavities filled with various residues of compacted degraded cellular structures. Vacualization promotes site segmentation of condensed cytoplasm of apoptotic dendritic cells and formation of apoptotic blebs, which are subject to entrapment and subsequent sequential degradation with the participation of neighboring macrophages. The structural changes of the organelles of the protein-synthesizing apparatus found in Peyer’s plaque cells in rats with experimental burn disease can be regarded as a manifestation caused by functional overload of the granular endoplasmic reticulum (ER-stress). The consequence of optimal development of ER-stress and subsequent unfolded protein response is the apoptotic degradation of the corresponding cell, the course of which is modified by the use of colloid-hyperosmolar solutions.

PB2376 AN INNOVATION IN STEM CELL HARVESTING: HEPARIN

Background:GCSF and plerixafor inhibit the CXCL12/CXCR4 interaction on the axis of CXCR4/SDF1; and so they stimulate stem cell mobilization from bone marrow to periphery blood. GCSF activates the compleman cascade and thrombolytic pathway. Finally, it cause SP‐1(syphingosine 1) which is chemoattractant for hematopoietic cells, secretion. At the end, adherence molecules like VCAM gets weak, because of the SDF‐1 gradient decreases in stem cell niches (1). Heparin is a sulphated glycosaminoglycated polymer with 12‐15 kDa mass. İts mechanism of action is inhibiting the factorXa and other proteases via binding ATIII. Heparin is competetive inhibitör of sulphate proteoglycane, heparin inhibits the CXCR4/SDF1 axis, like plerixafor (2). In literatüre, there is a study in which heparin is added for increase the stem cell amount because it mimics the stem cell niches, and heparin increase the osteoprogenitor stem cell differantiation is observed (3).Aims:Plerixafor and GCSF are usually used in mobilization regimens for increase the CD34+ product amount. In this study our aim is observe the effect of heparin on stem cell mobilization. We try to answer whether does heparin can take the role of plerixafor in stem cell harvesting.Methods:We have 46 patients who has done bone marrow transplantation between the years of 2018‐2019 at Inonu University Turgut Ozal Medicine Center Stem Cell Transplantation Unit. All the patients had given intravenously 5000 unit unfractioned heparin in 150 cc isotonic sodium chloride solution in additon to mobilization regimen, 15 minutes before the stem cell harvesting process. Mobilization regimens were different depend on kind of transplantation, like autolog or allogeneic, and patients’ other features.Results:We have 46 patients totally. 26 of them are male (57%) and 20 are female (43%). Mean age is 54,5 (min: 20 and max:75). 43 patients had done autologous stem cell transplantation and 3 patients had done allogeneic stem cell transplantation. 25 of them had multiple myeloma, 10 of them had NHL, 5 had HL, 5 had AML and 1 had testicular cancer as a primary disease. All the patients and donors were successfully harvested hematopoeitic stem cells from periphery in a single cycle. No one had given plerixafor or any other kind of drug other than mobilization regimen plus intravenously heparin. Mean CD34+ cell amount is 9,1 × 106 / kg and 1846, 6 for μl. In literatüre, 2.5 × 106 CD34 + cell /kg is accepted minimal number for successful stem cell harvesting in worldwide (4). But, Target is accepted as 4‐5 × 106 CD34+ cell / kg for successfull harvesting (5‐6). So our result is enough for succesfull stem cell harvesting.Summary/Conclusion:Some molecules which act on SDF and CXCR4 and change the hematopoietic stem cell niches, like GCSF and plerixafor, make the essence of stem cell mobilization. We observed 46 patients who had given 5000 unit unfractioned heparin in additon to proper mobilization regimens without plerixafor or any other kind of drug. All of them has been harvested stem cells succesfully in a single cycle of peripheric stem cell apheresis. Heparin is cost effective and it helps to protect from possible thrombotic complications of apheresis itself indirectly. Heparin is a promising agent for stem cell harvesting procedure.

INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF OZONE-OXYGEN MIXTURE ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF EXTRAHEPATIC BILE DUCTS

The aim is to detect the possible damaging effect of ozone-oxygen mixtures of different concentrations on the mucosa of extrahepatic bile ducts in patients with acute biliary pancreatitis and bile hypertension.Material and methods. The material of the study was 23 clinical cases of cholecystectomy, performed in patients suffering from diabetes mellitus with biliary hypertension (LBW). The bladder duct, not less than 4 mm long (average length - (5,5 ± 1,0) mm), was cut in a transverse direction into two identical parts without the identification of the proximal or distal part of it. One part was placed in a test tube with isotonic sodium chloride solution at a temperature of 37 °C for 30 min, the second - for 30 minutes in a test tube with an ozone-oxygen mixture of different concentrations in isotonic solution at 37 °C. The control and experimental solutions were poured out and the formal solution was used.Results. It has been established that the application of ozone-oxygen mixtures of corresponding properties in vitro does not cause alterative, degenerative or degenerative changes at both the cellular and tissue levels in all structures of the ductus cysticus wall.Conclusions. The experience of the clinical application of ozone-oxygen mixtures in other branches of medicine and the morphological confirmation of the absence of damage in vitro justifies the possibility of using these mixtures in the clinic of diseases of the biliary system.