Kalimantan Island Research Articles

Pemilihan Karier Akuntan Publik: Determinasi Faktor Internal Dan Eksternal Saat New Normal Pada Lulusan S1 Akuntansi Di Indonesia

Indonesia Business Sector is still experiencing a shortage in terms of the number of public accountants. The need for this number of public accounting professions is an opportunity for S1 graduates to pursue career become a public accountant The need for this number of public accounting professions is certainly an opportunity for undergraduate accounting graduates to work as professional public accountants. However, to become a profession, you must pass the basic level exam, professional level exam and audit experience assessment The research aims to determine the influencing factors S1 graduates in Indonesia to be a public accountant. This research method is quantitative by using multiple regression analysis.. The results showed that the variables of Public Accountant Perception, Knowledge of Accounting Science, Market Considerations showed a significant impact on Career Interest of undergraduate accounting graduates to pursue carrer become a public accountant while Financial Rewards (Financial Rewards) have no significant effect . Suggestions for this research is to add respondents who fill out research questionnaires or undergraduate accounting graduates to be used as research samples. The distribution of questionnaires was also carried out not only in Java, but also on the island of Sumatra and also the island of Kalimantan which will become the capital of the archipelago in the future, so this research can analyze whether interest in a career as a professional Public Accountant is also owned by prospective accounting graduates outside Java.

Nutritional and Structural Properties of Durian Seed (Durio Zibenthinus Murr.) Flour Originated From West Kalimantan, Indonesia

West Kalimantan is one of the largest durian fruit producers on Kalimantan Island and had the highest production of durian seed as a by-product. Durian seed flour is a simple way to utilize durian seed for further processing. However, the characterization of durian flour, both chemical and structural properties of durian seed flour from West Kalimantan, is rarely explored. This study characterized durian seed flour (DSF) from west Kalimantan in the chemical and structural properties compared with the commercial durian seed flour (CDSF). DSF performed significantly differently in crude protein, crude fat, carbohydrate, and crude fiber than CDSF, meanwhile ash, moisture, and starch content of DSF and CDSF were not significantly different from each other. The CDSF had a larger particle size than DSF, ranging from 11.27 to 308.80 μm and 5.43 to 121.60 μm, respectively. The DSF had the Tp (gelatinization peak temperature) higher than the CDSF based on DSC analysis.

Development of traditional medicinal plants on Peatland conditions in Central Kalimantan

Most of the total peatland area in Kalimantan Island and particularly in Central Kalimantan Province is suitable for agricultural development. This condition provides a great opportunity for the development of peatlands for the cultivation of traditional medicinal plants. The local society in their daily lives could not be separated from the inherent elements of tradition even though the development of science and technology is currently very fast. One of the traditional elements that are inherent at this time is the use of medicinal plants as a solution in treating various diseases. The research was conducted in Palangka Raya City, Central Kalimantan Province by conducting interviews to determine the type of selected medicinal plants and carrying out experiments for examining their ability to absorb carbon dioxide and to grow in peatland conditions. The results of the study of four types of traditional medicinal plants show that there is great potential for two types of plants, namely Semar Bags and Karamunting, whose implementation fulfills biodiversity in an agricultural land ecosystem.

Phenolic content, antioxidant, cytotoxic of fractions of Spatholobus littoralis Hassk from Kalimantan, Indonesia

Spatholobus littoralis Hassk (SLH) plant grows wild in the forests of the island of Kalimantan. This plant has the potential as an antioxidant and anticancer. The current research was to quantify the total phenol content, measure the antioxidant and anticancer power against breast cancer cells in non-polar (hexane), polar (water), and semi-polar (ethyl acetate) fractions from Hassk littoralis spatholobus wood. Phenol content was determined with gallic acid as standard. Antioxidant activity was measured by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, the IC50 value was determined. Anticancer strength against breast cancer cells was determined using 4T1 cell culture. Toxicity to normal cells was analyzed using Vero cells. The selectivity index (SI) was calculated by dividing the IC50 of Vero cells by the IC50 of 4T1 cells. The results showed that total phenol for ethanol extract and water fraction were 350 mg and 146.9 mg equivalent to gallic acid mg/50 g SLH. The IC50 values of antioxidant were 198.76 ppm, 349.89 ppm, and 2.17 ppm for the hexane, water, and ethyl acetate fractions respectively. Breast anticancer assay with cell line 4T1 showed that the IC50 values of the hexane fraction and fraction of ethyl acetate in sequence were 20.0 mcg/mL and 7.4 mcg/mL. Toxicity to Vero cells (cell no cancer) showed the IC50 value for the hexane and ethyl acetate fractions were 131.52 mcg/mL and 79.55 mcg/mL respectively. SI for hexane fractions and ethyl acetate fractions were 6.57 and 10.75 respectively. In summary, the SLH plant has the potential as an antioxidant and anticancer of the breast and can continue in further research. The novelty of this study is the quantification of phenol content, the strength of antioxidant activity, and breast cancer in vitro.

East Java Economic Analysis on Sectoral and Regional Linkages (Inter Regional Input-Output Analysis)

East Java's economic recovery due to the Covid-19 pandemic is no better than the national economic recovery. In 2020, East Java's economic growth contracted by 2.33 percent (y-on-y), deeper than the national economy which contracted 2.07 percent (y-on-y). Moreover, when the national economy began to recover and grew to 3.69 percent (y-on-y) in 2021, East Java's economic growth only increased by 3.57 percent (y-on-y). These conditions indicate that the East Java economy is in need of appropriate and comprehensive policies to support the acceleration of economic recovery. Viewed from the high contribution of the Manufacturing Industry (C) sector to East Java's GRDP in recent years, this sector has the opportunity to be encouraged to grow. However, GRDP has not been able to explain the interlinkages between economic sectors that occur in a region. By using the 2016 IRIO table, input-output analysis can provide more complete and comprehensive information covering inter-sectoral and inter-regional linkages that cannot be captured only from GRDP figures. The results showed that the Manufacturing Industry (C), Electricity and Gas Procurement (D), and Information and Communication (J) sectors were the key sectors in East Java. These key sectors, especially Information and Communication (J) and Manufacturing Industry (C), have the potential to boost output in East Java as a whole. Spatially, seen from the input transaction pattern, among others, East Java transactions are dominated by transactions with other provinces on the island of Java, some provinces on the island of Kalimantan, as well as provinces in Eastern Indonesia (KTI), namely Bali-Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, and Maluku- Papua. The demand for intermediate input from KTI, especially Bali-Nusa Tenggara, is dominated by DKI Jakarta and East Java. Seeing the location of East Java which is closer to the provinces in KTI, makes it an opportunity to increase the supply of East Java's output to KTI.

KING OF GOWA XIV THROUGH ISLAMIZATION IN BONE DURING 17TH CENTURY

Kingdom of Gowa – built approximately in 14th century, as well as officially to be an Islamic Kingdom on November, 09 1607 – Islamized many kingdoms in Sulawesi, Kalimantan, and Nusa Tenggara Islands. It had great military, especially in Sultan Hasanuddin era. This empire was able some times to conquer VOC offense. Unfortunately, Gowa fell by divide et impere, a strategy of VOC collaborated with Arung Palakka, king of Bone. Eventually, Sultan Hasanuddin signed a letter of agreement called Bongayya agreement. It said Sultan Hasanuddin must give Gowa up to VOC. Then, since signing the agreement in Batavia on 18th November 1667, the empire of Gowa officially fell to VOC. Indeed, that was the last of triumph of the greatest and strongest kingdom ever in Sulawesi called Gowa.

Stingless bees from meliponiculture in South Kalimantan, Indonesia

Abstract. Purwanto H, Soesilohadi RCH, Trianto M. 2022. Stingless bees from meliponiculture in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1254-1266. Kalimantan Island has many species of stingless bees that are widespread throughout the province. However, their morphology, morphometry, and nest structure characteristics have not been documented comprehensively. This paper described the morphological characters, morphometric measurements, nest entrance, and brood cell characteristics of stingless bees from meliponiculture in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Ten stingless bee species were identified based on their morphological features: Tetragonula laeviceps (Smith, 1857), T. fuscobalteata (Cameron, 1908), T. drescheri (Schwarz, 1939), T. melanocephala (Gribodo, 1893), T. biroi (Friese, 1898), Homotrigona apicalis (Smith, 1857), H. canifrons (Smith, 1857), Heterotrigona itama (Cockerell, 1918), Geniotrigona thoracica (Smith, 1857), and Lepidotrigona terminata (Smith, 1878). Principal component analysis was performed to identify the grouping characters and thus determine their diagnostic characters. Furthermore, the shape, diameter, length, ornamentation, and color of the nest entrance and the arrangement, cells, and color of brood cells were observed. This study is the first to report high variations in the type of entrance opening and arrangement of brood cells for stingless bee species, which are abundant in South Kalimantan.

Strengthening the character of Nationalism on the Island of Borneo

Borneo is a term that is often used for an alternative name for the island of Kalimantan. This article tries to describe the strengthening of the character of Nationalism in the tail of Borneo. The setting of this research study is in Temajuk Village, Paloh District, Sambas Regency, this is because Temajuk is an area directly adjacent to Malaysia. This study is directed at the aspect of internalizing the value of nationalism through education. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential for opening border areas to social development in the field of education. The results of this study indicate that the sense of nationalism of the citizens of the nation in Temajuk Village is still well maintained, although the attention of the government in the regions and the center of power is still very lacking. This is evidently the various problems that exist in the border areas. Then this is inversely proportional to the "luxury" enjoyed by the residents of Sarawak-Malaysia which is displayed in front of the eyes of the residents of Temajuk Village. The process of internalization of nationalism is more dominantly carried out through educational institutions, both material enrichment of the pillars of nationality in the co-curricular and extracurricular learning processes, although educational services with adequate facilities, as well as good quality educators, strengthening social nationalism will actually have an impact on the pawning of the nationalism spirit of border communities if this is not a serious concern for the government.

Extractive composition and bioactivity of Uncaria acida and Uncaria glabrata wood

Uncaria acida (red bajakah) and Uncaria glabrata (white bajakah) belong to the liana woody species. Both are naturally cultivated in Indonesia, particularly in Kalimantan (Borneo) island. This study, aims to investigate the extractive composition of U. acida and U. glabrata wood considering that extracts from different lianas usually are used as anticancer drugs (breast cancer). The phenolic, alkaloid, and saponin contents were measured by colorimetric and GC-MS methods, while the antioxidant, antifungal, and cytotoxicity were investigated using DPPH, Phanerochaete chrysosporium (white-rot), and brine shrimp lethality tests, respectively. The results showed that the total tannins, phenols, and saponins in U. acida were higher compared to U. glabrata, while the total flavonoids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, and antioxidant activity was lower. The GC-MS analysis indicated the presence of aromatic compounds, fatty acids, and triterpenoids in both species. High concentration of phenols, alkaloids, saponins, fatty acids, and steroids are known to provide support in terms of antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and antifungal activities.

Application of Centrality Measures in Determining Regional Development Priorities in the Graph Representation of Kalimantan Island

The relocation of the capital of the Republic of Indonesia to the Kalimantan raises new problems in regional development. In this paper the priority areas to be developed on the Kalimantan will be determined using Centrality Measures. The type of centrality measures used are degree centrality, leverage centrality, closseneess centrality, Jordan centrality, and betwenness centrality. The results show that Banjar, Ketapang, Sintang, Kutai Kertanegara, and Murung Raya areas are the areas that are central to the island of Kalimantan. Although the center of the island of Kalimantan, it is necessary to study the results of this paper with the actual distance of each region.

Microbial activity of potential and actual acid sulphate soil from Kalimantan Island

Drainage on acid sulphate land causes a change in the type of acid sulfate (AS) soil, from the potential to actual due to pyrite oxidation. The alteration might cause changes in microbial composition and activity. The objective of the study was to compare the microbial activity of two types of acid sulphate (AS) soil, potential AS soil from South Kalimantan and actual AS soil from Central Kalimantan. The microbial activity of both soils was determined by measuring respiration, dehydrogenase, and nitrogenase activity. The presence of culturable soil rhizospheric microorganisms was determined by Total Plate Count methods and their nitrogen fixation function was determined by the ability of culturable rhizospheric soil bacteria to grow in semisolid nitrogen-free medium, as well as, nifH detection. The result of the research revealed that the respiration, dehydrogenase, and nitrogenase activity soil from potential (1.34 mg CO2.kg1 hour−1 and 1.75 nmol C2H4.g−1. hour−1) and actual AS soil (1.23 mg CO2.kg−1. hour−1 and 2.00 nmol C2H4.g−1.day−1) were relatively not different. However, the dehydrogenase activity of actual AS soil (6.29 μg TPF.g−1. hour−1) was higher than that of potential AS soils (3.32 μg TPF.g−1. hour−1). Similarly, the microbial abundance of both soils was not different and the abundance of bacteria was higher than that of fungi. The soils contained nifH genes. In both soils have been detected the presence of microbial abundance and functional microorganisms as a nitrogen fixer, a culturable phosphate solubilizer, or phytohormone producer. However, limiting factors of both soils, i.e., very acidic soil, low nutrient availability, and Al toxicity brought about the low microbial activity.

Determinan Kemandirian Keuangan Daerah

The dependency level of regional governments’ financial on central government is quite high, directing this study to further analyze its determinants. This study employs quantitative method with secondary data from the realization reports of regional expenditure revenues in the form of balance sheets and governmental financial reports. 156 reports during 2016-2018 from 56 regencies and cities on the island of Kalimantan are chosen with purposive sampling. The results show that capital expenditures, regional taxes and general allocation funds simultaneously have significant effect on regional government’s financial independence. Partially, capital expenditures and regional taxes also have significant effect on regional government’s financial independence, while general allocation fund has insignificant effect on regional government’s financial independence.

PERSEPSI PETANI TERHADAP PEMBUKAAN LAHAN TANPA PEMBAKARAN (PLTB) DI KELURAHAN SAGATANI KECAMATAN SINGKAWANG SELATAN

People's perceptions of land clearing by burning are still diverse, there are pros and cons about it. As we all know, the land clearing system by slashing and burning is a heritage and culture of farming communities in almost all parts of Indonesia, one of them is the people of the island of Kalimantan. Several solutions have been proposed by the government, including land clearing without burning (PLTB). This program aims to change the behavior of Indonesian farmers who still do land clearing by burning to switch to more environmentally friendly land clearing methods, including converting slashes into compost and wood vinegar. However, until now several programs launched by the government in order to minimize the forest and land fires have not been successful. Increasing the production of hybrid corn commodities is one of the targets for increasing agricultural productivity in West Kalimantan, especially in Singkawang in meeting the demand for hybrid corn which is currently supplied from outside the city. The increase in production cannot be separated from the need for expansion of hybrid corn farming land, which currently the number and focus of increasing hybrid corn farming businesses are in Sagatani Village, South Singkawang District. Problems arise when in their business, hybrid corn farmers in Sagatani Village still use conventional methods in cleaning and clearing land, namely by burning.

Disempowering Traditional Spatial Arrangement of Dayak Community: A Case Study of Tumbang Marikoi Village, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

The rapid industrialization in the last decades significantly changed the traditional spatial arrangement in Central Kalimantan Island. The indigenous community’s traditional forest lands management and ownership were transferred to oil palm plantations and mining corporations. Therefore, it disempowered the traditional spatial arrangement by changing the community’s living conditions and transforming their livelihood sources from primary (forests) to secondary and tertiary. The disempowered traditional spatial arrangement of the Tumbang Marikoi village community includes a living area with rivers, forests, and dwellings. They access the forest through the village Kahayan Hulu and the Marikoi River. There is no power grid in Marikoi Village, making them depend on a solar-powered energy generation facility for their daily activities, including gardening, gathering forest products, hunting, mining gold, and fishing. This study applied the phenomenological method to explain the traditional spatial disempowerment in Marikoi Village, Central Kalimantan, following corporate plantation powers and mining activities. The results indicated that the palm plantations affected the Dayak community's living space and daily life. Furthermore, the ownership and management of their customary land, enhancing their economic, social, cultural, and religious life, was transferred to large plantations. As a result, the community’s traditional spatial arrangement was disempowered through river silting from soil drilling, cloudy river water, flooding, distant land for income (selling honey, vegetables, rattan, herbal medicine, and other forest wealth), farming restrictions by clearing land and losing sacred areas and ancestral rituals.

Quality Classification of Palm Oil Products Using Naïve Bayes Method

Indonesia is a country that can produce the highest palm oil in the world. The islands of Sumatra and Kalimantan are the islands that have the largest plantations, especially oil palm in Indonesia. Riau Province which is located on the island of Sumatra can produce the highest oil palm on the island of Sumatra. Quality is an important component in business continuity in the palm oil industry. The quality of the crude palm oil products of a company in the Kerumutan sub-district, Pelalawan district, Riau, depends on the content of the final processing product. The content consists of impurities in crude palm oil (CPO), CPO moisture content, free fatty acid CPO levels, determination of bleachability index CPO, CPO carotene, dirt kernel, moisture kernel, and broken kernel. The final quality of palm oil products is determined from the combined results of CPO quality and kernel quality. Good quality raw materials will affect the selling price of these raw materials to produce a good quality final product. Determine the quality of palm oil products poses a problem in terms of time because they must be checked one by one through processing in the laboratory. Application builder who can determine the quality classification of palm oil products is the purpose of this research. This application is expected to help labor officers in the process of classifying the quality of crude palm oil products more quickly, precisely, and accurately. This study uses the Naïve Bayes algorithm because it requires smaller amounts of training data in the data classification process. The accuracy level of the Naïve Bayes method in determining the quality of palm oil products is 82.05%.

When innocence is no protection: governance failure of digitization and its impact on local level implementation

PurposeGovernance of e-government is rarely discussed in the initial digitization stage, especially in developing countries where the government’s focus is mainly to pursue rapid proliferation of digital adoption rather than to implement governance. This study aims to explore the consequences of this absence of governance at local level conditions.Design/methodology/approachAn in-depth exploratory case study is conducted at a municipal health government in a southern city in Kalimantan Island, Indonesia, examining the conditions of local actors in response to various nationwide health digitization imperatives. The postcolonial theory with the critical paradigm is used to interpret and conceptualize the empirical findings.FindingsThis study identifies two critical failures of digitization governance that represent the mainstream condition: horizontal sectoral ego and vertical asymmetry and misalignment. These failures have resulted in undesirable consequences at the subalterns indicated by diverse ambivalence and de-voiced constructs displayed by the local actors.Practical implicationsThis paper suggests that various issues that emerge from local level implementation in nationwide digitization agenda might not always be issues of local technology adoption, but rather negative impacts due to the absence of governance practice at the strategic level.Originality/valueThrough a critical perspective, this study unearths the underlying power and structural inequity responsible for generating the various issues and undesirable consequences that emerge at local levels related to the nationwide digitization agenda.

Klasifikasi Kebakaran Hutan Menggunakan Metode K-Nearest Neighbor : Studi Kasus Hutan Provinsi Kalimantan Barat

A very wide forest could cause natural disaster such as forest fire that resulting losses to inhabitant, one of which effecting health and safety. West Kalimantan province is one of the province in Indonesia that has wide area of forest with 8,200,000 ha of forest and 1,600,000 ha of peatland all over the Kalimantan Island. Therefor this study is focusing on the data of west Kalimantan province forest. The aim of the study is to classify forest fire in West Kalimantan Province and followed by designing a REST API application of forest fire detector. In hope that in future, the application will be useful to prevent forest fire in the area of west Kalimantan Province. K-Nearest Neighbor method and balltree algorithm are used in this study to collect and process the data. The sample that are collected about 30% of 14,201 data with accuracy up to 92% with K = 18.

Engineering-Economic Evaluation of Diffractive NLOS Backhaul (e3nb): A Techno-economic Model for 3D Wireless Backhaul Assessment

Developing ways to affordably deliver broadband connectivity is one of the major issues of our time. In challenging deployment locations with irregular terrain, traditional Clear-Line-Of-Sight (CLOS) wireless links can be uneconomical to deploy, as the number of required towers make infrastructure investment unviable. With new research focusing on developing wireless diffractive backhaul technologies to provide Non-Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) links, this paper evaluates the engineering-economic implications. A Three-Dimensional (3D) techno-economic assessment framework is developed, utilizing a combination of remote sensing and viewshed geospatial techniques, in order to quantify the impact of different wireless backhaul strategies. This framework is applied to assess both Clear-Line-Of-Sight and diffractive Non-Line-Of-Sight strategies for deployment in Peru, as well as the islands of Kalimantan and Papua, in Indonesia. The results find that a hybrid strategy combining the use of Clear-Line-Of-Sight and diffractive Non-Line-Of-Sight links produces a 9–45 percent cost-efficiency saving, relative to only using traditional Clear-Line-Of-Sight wireless backhaul links.

URANIUM AND THORIUM POTENTIAL FOR INDONESIA'S FUTURE ENERGY SECURITY

Uranium and Thorium are natural elements known for their radioactive properties that can be used as a source of nuclear power. Both Uranium and Thorium are new energy sources, and are classified as alternative nuclear fuels, they are known as green nuclear. Uranium is not a rare metal, it is estimated that there are 5.7 million tons of uranium reserves in the world in 2015 in the Red Book of The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development-Nuclear Energy Agency (OECD-NEA). As for Thorium, which is a heavy metal content in the earth's crust, it has reserves of 6.3 million tons in the world. Compared to Uranium, Thorium has a more even distribution and one of them is found in Indonesia. The National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN) stated that Indonesia has 79,830 tons of uranium reserves and 136,966 tons of Thorium, which are scattered in the Bangka Belitung Islands, Kalimantan Island and Sulawesi Island. The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential of Uranium and Thorium in Indonesia, including the amount of reserves, their distribution and future prospects in order to support the nation's energy security, because in Indonesia, nuclear is used for peaceful purposes, namely as a power plant.

Exploration and preliminary analysis of sengkubak (Pycnarrhena cauliflora (Diels)) as natural food flavouring additive prospect

Sengkubak is a native plant to Southeast Asia which mainly grows in the Kalimantan and Sumatra Islands. The local community grows it as a natural flavour enhancer as historical heredity. This paper aims to find a deeper potential prospect, exploration, and preliminary testing of glutamic acid as a natural flavouring agent. This research used a hybrid approach through laboratory testing and literature studies related to user community information, economic prospects. The collecting process and drying were carried out at West Kalimantan Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology, while extraction activities were carried out at ISMCRI. The glutamic acid analysis used Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) at the Saraswanti Indogenetic laboratory. The results show that sengkubak has not been cultivated well and harvested wild. The yield value of the extract produced using water and ethanol solvent 96% were 21.23% and 17.43%, respectively. By water and ethanol solvent, the concentrated extract contained the glutamic acid 2,845.82 mg/kg and 1979.32 mg/kg, respectively. Further research is needed to create prototypes of derivative products from sengkubak extract with water solvent extracts to be used commercially.