Phenolic content, antioxidant, cytotoxic of fractions of Spatholobus littoralis Hassk from Kalimantan, Indonesia

Abstract

Spatholobus littoralis Hassk (SLH) plant grows wild in the forests of the island of Kalimantan. This plant has the potential as an antioxidant and anticancer. The current research was to quantify the total phenol content, measure the antioxidant and anticancer power against breast cancer cells in non-polar (hexane), polar (water), and semi-polar (ethyl acetate) fractions from Hassk littoralis spatholobus wood. Phenol content was determined with gallic acid as standard. Antioxidant activity was measured by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, the IC50 value was determined. Anticancer strength against breast cancer cells was determined using 4T1 cell culture. Toxicity to normal cells was analyzed using Vero cells. The selectivity index (SI) was calculated by dividing the IC50 of Vero cells by the IC50 of 4T1 cells. The results showed that total phenol for ethanol extract and water fraction were 350 mg and 146.9 mg equivalent to gallic acid mg/50 g SLH. The IC50 values of antioxidant were 198.76 ppm, 349.89 ppm, and 2.17 ppm for the hexane, water, and ethyl acetate fractions respectively. Breast anticancer assay with cell line 4T1 showed that the IC50 values of the hexane fraction and fraction of ethyl acetate in sequence were 20.0 mcg/mL and 7.4 mcg/mL. Toxicity to Vero cells (cell no cancer) showed the IC50 value for the hexane and ethyl acetate fractions were 131.52 mcg/mL and 79.55 mcg/mL respectively. SI for hexane fractions and ethyl acetate fractions were 6.57 and 10.75 respectively. In summary, the SLH plant has the potential as an antioxidant and anticancer of the breast and can continue in further research. The novelty of this study is the quantification of phenol content, the strength of antioxidant activity, and breast cancer in vitro.