Abstract
The rapid industrialization in the last decades significantly changed the traditional spatial arrangement in Central Kalimantan Island. The indigenous community’s traditional forest lands management and ownership were transferred to oil palm plantations and mining corporations. Therefore, it disempowered the traditional spatial arrangement by changing the community’s living conditions and transforming their livelihood sources from primary (forests) to secondary and tertiary. The disempowered traditional spatial arrangement of the Tumbang Marikoi village community includes a living area with rivers, forests, and dwellings. They access the forest through the village Kahayan Hulu and the Marikoi River. There is no power grid in Marikoi Village, making them depend on a solar-powered energy generation facility for their daily activities, including gardening, gathering forest products, hunting, mining gold, and fishing. This study applied the phenomenological method to explain the traditional spatial disempowerment in Marikoi Village, Central Kalimantan, following corporate plantation powers and mining activities. The results indicated that the palm plantations affected the Dayak community's living space and daily life. Furthermore, the ownership and management of their customary land, enhancing their economic, social, cultural, and religious life, was transferred to large plantations. As a result, the community’s traditional spatial arrangement was disempowered through river silting from soil drilling, cloudy river water, flooding, distant land for income (selling honey, vegetables, rattan, herbal medicine, and other forest wealth), farming restrictions by clearing land and losing sacred areas and ancestral rituals.
Highlights
Indonesia is a pluralistic nation with diverse ethnicities, cultures, and customs
The indigenous community protects the forests, which contains the Forest and Society Vol 6(1): 121-141 traditional customary tools that would be extinct with deforestation
A traditional spatial arrangement that functions as a living space is deprived of its rights
Summary
Indonesia is a pluralistic nation with diverse ethnicities, cultures, and customs. The archipelago community managed and protected their ancestral territories through unique governance before implementing the Indonesian unitary state. Traditional Spatial includes the indigenous community’s territories and resources living in forests and rivers. Traditional spatial includes the indigenous community traditions, customs, and culture passed down between generations. The community uniquely uses traditional spaces and potential resources based on the universe's spiritual and religious instructions and messages. They view the forest as stores providing various needs, clean air for the lungs, medicinal plants as their hospital, and food from plants. The modern spatial approach views the forests as economic resources for the potential commodity in the country's forest industry instead of the traditional management considered to improve the indigenous communities' welfare.
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