Islamic Approach Research Articles

MITIGATING INFLATION VIA ISLAMIC FINANCE & ISLAMIC SOCIAL FINANCE

The aim of this paper is to highlight the current practices of Islamic Finance IF and Islamic Social Finance ISF in mitigating inflation in Malaysia. This study used a descriptive qualitative method collected from secondary data consisting of documents relate to the subject matter at hand. The type of documents used are published articles, reports, journals, and websites. Islamic Finance IF & Islamic Social Finance ISF offers various financial products that help to eliminate riba/interest from society, circulate the wealth from the have to the have not in an ethical approach, hence, stabilizing prices and mitigating inflation. This paper is a conceptual study which does not aim to empirically examine the issues but provide successful cases to be adopted by Muslim countries in eliminating riba/interest from their societies and hence mitigating inflation. This paper dose not only presents the Islamic approach in mitigating inflation, but it provides current practical cases in achieving so. So, this paper will be of great interest to students/researchers/economist/financial institutions and policy makers. Islamic Finance IF & Islamic Social Finance ISF are based on principles deduced from the Quran and Sunnah and which need to be implemented in Muslim societies not only for mitigating inflation but for achieving social justice for all.

Understanding Normative and Historical Islamic Approaches in Islamic Studies: Islamic Religious Education Studies

This research aims to explore the role of Islamic values, both normative and historical, in shaping adolescent identity. Normative Islamic values, which are based on religious teachings, and historical Islamic values, which reflect the cultural heritage and long history of Islam, have a significant impact on adolescents' self-understanding, behavior and worldview. In a normative approach, this research highlights how values such as faith, worship and Islamic ethics shape teenagers' religious identity. The library research research method is used to explore and analyze normative and historical approaches in Islamic studies, and a qualitative approach with content analysis is used to analyze and present research findings. The research results show that understanding and internalizing these values influences a strong religious identity in adolescents. In addition, Islamic moral and ethical concepts, such as justice and goodness, influence teenagers' behavior in everyday life. On the other hand, in a historical approach, this research emphasizes that historical Islamic values play a role in shaping the cultural and social identity of adolescents. These values reflect the cultural and historical heritage of Islam, influencing adolescents' cultural identity and worldview

Agents of Economic Resilience and the Role of Islamic Approach Towards Financial Inclusion During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Case of Pakistan

In times of hyperinflation, these days Pakistan is confronted with health financing and food crises. It is essential to decrease the likelihood of food insecurity and economic vulnerability. This study aims to investigate the Vulnerability of society to pandemic shocks and the resilience of an Islamic nation such as Pakistan, as well as to investigate and identify the agents of Economic resilience in Pakistan. This study also investigated the function of Islamic financial inclusion strategies during pandemics. This study utilizes a variety of data categories and methods. The study's conclusion was reached using both primary and secondary qualitative and quantitative data. The study found that the majority of individuals are susceptible to such disruptions in terms of health, income, and social construction. The study revealed that there are numerous economic resilience agents in Pakistan, which play a significant role in bolstering support for small households and poor families. The analysis of quantitative data sets revealed that interventions or agents of change/resilience have had a significant impact on reducing hunger risk, infant deprivation, and other societal vulnerabilities. The conclusion of the study is that both formal and informal service providers contribute to enhancing the community's resilience through financial inclusion and a transitory support system. The conclusion of the study argues that the Islamic approach to financial transactions is more dependable and satisfactory for households and community-oriented organizations.

رقص کی شرعی حیثیت:فقہاء کے افکار کا مطالعہ

Dance relates to “Fine Arts", a branch of contemporary Sciences and is considered to be favorite type of arts amongst moderate mentality all over the world. However, in Islam, dance is not considered a positive thing for humanity, as its results are undesirable, especially the “women’s dance” before the “men” which is considered to be the worst kind of dance. The eventual result of this kind of dance is often vulgarity, nakedness and other unfavorable things prohibited in Islam. Most of the Jurists of each school of thought are of the opinion that dance is prohibited act (haram) in Islam and orthodox ulamas of every age remark it as a vital sin. This research paper is a critical study of different approaches of Muslim scholars. Some opposing thoughts like Imam Ibn-e-Jozi and Ibn-e-Taymia, some favoring views like opinion of Ghazali and some opinions keeping in view the circumstances, motives and situations for prohibiting, allowing or considering it the natural act, have been discussed in detail to find the Islamic approach about this act which is considered to be the mean of entertainment, spiritual progress or just wastage of the sources and time amongst the different classes of the society. This research paper is a study to analyze that which kind of dance is prohibited in Islam and which types is allowed or is not considered to be a sin Islam.

Maqāṣid Entrepreneurial Finance: An Islamic Approach to Small Business Capital Structure Theory

\ Purpose — This research aims to develop a novel construct, maqāṣid entrepreneurial finance (MEF), based on an Islamic perspective to measure small and medium enterprises’ (SMEs) capital structure. Design/Methodology/Approach — The MEF construct was developed using indicators based on maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah (the objectives of Islamic law) and entrepreneurial finance. A series of empirical studies were conducted to develop and validate an instrument to capture the MEF and its parameters. The development stages involved two steps: the item development and scale measurement stages. Findings — The results of the factor analysis showed that five factors make up the MEF. These factors are generating and distributing profit, interest-free source of capital, distribution of income for the payment of zakat (compulsory alms) and ṣadaqah (optional alms), the provision from income for reinvestment, and avoiding haram (prohibited) investment. Originality/Value — The paper’s overarching contributions are: first, it contributes to the development of the capital structure theory based on the Sharīʿah perspective; second, it contributes to the advancement of the capital structure theory for SMEs; third, it provides policy input to stakeholders in the SME field; and fourth, it provides practical guidelines relevant to SMEs. Practical Implications — This research provides insight to academicians and managers on how MEF is constituted. For SME owners, the results of this study confirmed that maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah can be integrated into the capital structure decision of SMEs.

Identifying the Concepts and Structures Related to Psychopathology with an Islamic Approach

Introduction: Various psychotherapy systems have provided definitions for pathology based on their definition of human nature. Islam is the most complete religion and includes all aspects of human life; therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of identifying and analyzing the concepts and structures related to psychopathology with an Islamic approach.
 Methods: The present study is qualitative, using data-driven theory (grounded theory). After examining the verses of the Quran and related texts, the concepts were categorized and coded. In order to extract the concepts and structures related to psychopathology, the concepts were categorized using open, axial, (selective) coding method.
 Results: After reviewing Quranic verses and related texts, categorized concepts and similar themes were placed in the final category as a code. After categorizing the codes, we obtained 173 codes, 22 sub-themes, and 4 main themes. Sub-themes included heart disease, disease, zigzag, madness, ignorance, affliction, khabal, idiot, copper, rhinoceros, zig-zag, rib, ghafl, lock, stupidity, overdoing , underdoing, nature, termination, polytheism, hypocrisy, doubt, worldliness and mamonism. The main themes that emerged from the heart of these sub-themes are: ignorance, sick heart, naturalism, affliction.
 Conclusion: Based on the findings of our research, we found the constructs of ignorance, sick heart, naturalism and affliction, and its sub-themes that can help us in diagnosing psychological injuries. These structures are derived from the verses of the Quran and hadiths and can be used for all people at all times.

Parents-Children Communication: Islamic Approach

This study intends to review pertinent literature on embracing Islamic values which are significantly relevant in strengthening parents-children relationship in the modern world. The prominent Qur’anic verses on communication values among humankinds in general, parenting roles, parenting skills, child-to-parents mannerism and the rights of children to communicate in a family are covered broadly with the intention to provide a better insight and perspectives on the subject matter. As parenting has never been easy back then and modern-days, this study also aims to give sufficient emphasis on the significance Islamic values have on the Muslim parents in communicating with family members – children in particular. This study concluded that the six primary values of Islamic teaching in family communication: Qaulan Sadida, Qaulan Ma‟rufa, Qaulan Baligha, Qaulan Maysura, Qaulan Layyina, and Qaulan Karima would definitely produce a great communication mode, affectionate parents-children relationship, and ultimately develop an excellent youth personality in society. This is also a must-have-skill each Muslim parents acquire towards nurturing strong and beneficial family institution.

Justice in the workplace: Islamic principles for wage determination

PurposeThe objective of this study is to construct a theoretical framework concerning wage determination, grounded in principles and supplemented by conventional theories. It discusses the Islamic perspectives on minimum wage and examines contemporary challenges and intricacies in its application.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses thematic analysis to create the conceptual framework, drawing upon a review of pertinent literature such as academic papers, books and articles published up to 2023.FindingsThe framework encompasses various categories, namely, employee characteristics, job characteristics, market factors, compensation practices and Islamic principles. Each category consists of multiple variables. The resulting framework offers a holistic and ethically grounded methodology for wage determination, aligning with both Islamic and conventional perspectives. This study notes the absence of a universally agreed-upon minimum wage. Islamic economics faces challenges due to the unclear application of principles, limited awareness, legal constraints and a lack of empirical evidence on wage systems, along with complexities in their implementation.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper’s limited scope focuses solely on the Islamic perspective on wage determination, without comparing it to the conventional viewpoint. This may have implications for future research.Practical implicationsThe insights on Islamic principles and wage determination guide scholars and policymakers interested in promoting just and equitable wages.Originality/valueThis study is distinct in its integration of various factors to propose an all-encompassing framework for wage determination, rooted in the Quran and principles, while also reinforcing the framework with conventional theories. Additionally, it adds to the growing body of literature by investigating the Quran’s stance and principles on minimum wage, as well as discusses the challenges involved in implementing an Islamic approach to wage determination, which has received limited attention in Islamic literature.

Natural Disasters and Religion: Kahramanmaras Earthquake on February 6 in the Context of Islamic Thought

Natural events are extraordinary natural events as old as world history. These events are called disasters if they bring about a change in the societies in which they occur. This change may differ according to societies; moreover, it occurs in economic, sociological, psychological, political, religious, and legal fields in general terms. As well as the difference in the change caused by natural disasters in society, there are also differences in coping, fighting, and accepting the said change. Man is an emotional creature by nature. Therefore, due to natural disasters, they receive some help to cope with the process. These benefits range from cultural activities, health care, sports activities, or religious beliefs. In this study, we tried to express how individuals who experienced the earthquake managed the process, and how and to what extent they benefited from religion in the face of the disaster. Since religions are as old as human history and, therefore, there are too many religious thoughts, we limited our study to the religion of Islam. In this respect, first of all, we studied the verses of the Qur’an, which refer to disasters, and the hadiths of Prophet Muhammad, the prophet of the Islam religion, about disasters. Then we did a literature study related to our subject. Based on the primary sources of the religion of Islam and related studies, we briefly discussed the approach of Islam to natural disasters at the theoretical level. On the main focus of our study, we included Kahramanmaras province, Pazarcık centered earthquake that occurred on February 6, 2023, which was described as the disaster of the century and affected 11 provinces. After the earthquake in question, we tried to determine how the earthquake survivors coped with the earthquake, whether they received support from their religious beliefs in this process, and whether there was any change in their religious thoughts with the structured interview method. In our study process, we interviewed 20 people. Since we limited the theoretical part of our study to the religion of Islam, we limited our interview study to Muslims and limited our fieldwork to Gaziantep province. In this context, we have determined that the majority of the disaster victims associate the earthquake with the idea of destiny, and that the idea that it is a predestination of Allah is dominant. However, we encountered Muslims who did not associate the earthquake with religion, and we stated their reasons in our study. Our research is important in terms of revealing Islam's approach to natural disasters and Muslims' methods of coping with disasters. Here, we should also state that in the literature review, we have done on the subject, we have noticed that psychology studies are in the majority. Since we are trying to examine natural disasters and especially earthquakes in terms of the sociology of religion, we believe that our research has special importance in terms of eliminating a deficiency in the field.

PRESPEKTIF AYAT AL-QUR’AN DALAM ETIKA BISNIS ISLAM KONTEMPORER

Business with everything that happens in people's lives every day in general. The large number of businesses and the variety of business motives and orientations as well as the increasing complexity of business problems, sometimes makes business people fixated on trying anything to achieve their goals, especially if the goal is only to seek profit and profit. So that negative actions often occur, which eventually become habits in business behavior. If so, it is not uncommon for business actors to be identified with dirty deeds, because there are behaviors such as lying, betrayal, breaking promises, deceiving and defrauding others. This article describes business in an Islamic approach which includes Islamic business concepts, Islamic business principles and normative foundations of Islamic business by using a review of literature studies by examining interpretations of the Qur'an regarding the relationship between verses and existing ethical rules. Islamic business must be based on Islamic ethics which originate from the Al-Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. Generally, business ethics is a normative discipline, whereby certain ethical standards are formulated and then applied. It makes specific judgments about what is right or wrong, that is to say, makes claims about what to do or what not to do.

Positive Peace in the Islamic Perspective of International Relations: The Case of Iran’s Foreign Policy

The characteristics of the interpretation of the concepts of “positive” and “negative” peace within the framework of the Islamic paradigm of international relations, as well as the application of Islamic approaches to conflict settlement by the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) are analyzed. The relevance of the study is due to the need to rethink approaches to peacekeeping and move away from Western peace strategies and initiatives, since these approaches have demonstrated their inadequacy over the past 50 years. Based on the hermeneutic method of studying the Islamic sacred texts and comparative analysis, as well as the approach to “negative” and “positive” peace of the Norwegian sociologist J. Galtung, the authors justify the existence of two strategies for achieving peace, based on Islamic ideals - “resistance strategy” and “non-violence strategy,” using as an example of the first one the foreign policy activities of the Islamic Republic of Iran to resolve regional conflicts, taking Syria, the Palestinian problem and the Hormuz Peace Initiative as examples. The authors come to the conclusion that Islam considers only “positive peace” to be true peace, capable of ensuring security, a fair world order and universal equality. Iran, guided by the ideological attitudes generated by the Islamic Revolution of 1978-1979 (spirituality, the fight against corruption and economic injustice, the protection of the ‘oppressed’ and the fight against the ‘oppressors,’ the rejection of violence in social movements, the elimination of social discrimination, governance based on the people’s decision), seeks to introduce Islamic principles into its foreign policy practice, particularly in the Middle East. However, with a number of Arab countries in the region pursuing anti-Iranian policies, some of Tehran’s initiatives remained unrealized and did not gain support. Nevertheless, in the current context where the Western-centric world order is being revised, it is more relevant than ever to explore alternative approaches to conflict resolution and to identify their advantages and significance, based on practical examples that already exist.

Analisis Proses Produksi Dalam Perspektif Islam (Studi Kasus Home Industry Bakso Di Tembung)

In Islam, the concept of halal plays a central role in the lives of Muslims. Halal applies not only to food ingredients but also encompasses the entire process of food production and serving. In the context of meatball production, it is important to ensure that the ingredients used and the production processes align with Islamic principles. This includes the selection of halal ingredients, appropriate production methods, processing, storage, and handling of food that meet halal standards. In Islam, permissible animal meat must be slaughtered correctly, and additives such as seasonings and preservatives must be halal and free from haram substances. Additionally, ethical and fair treatment of workers is also considered. In Indonesia, efforts have been made to ensure that meatball production aligns with Islamic principles, and halal certification bodies have been established. The Islamic approach to meatball production can provide confidence to Muslim consumers and build a good relationship between producers and consumers. This approach can also serve as an example for the entire food industry to ensure halal and high ethical standards in food production. In this study, a qualitative method was used to understand the community's experience related to tembung meatballs. The results of this research highlight the importance of halal meatball product management, good human resource management, and quality control in halal meatball production in Tembung

The Rahmatan Lil-'Alamin Paradigm as an Islamic Approach to Islamic Education in Muhammadiyah Schools

This study examines the Rahmatan Lil-'Alamin paradigm as a distinctive Islamic approach to reshaping the educational environment in Muhammadiyah schools. The need to comprehend how this paradigm, which is based on the idea of universal compassion and justice, affects the pedagogical framework and ethos inside Islamic educational institutions connected to Muhammadiyah is what spurred the study's development. The methodology utilised in this study entails a thorough examination of curriculum papers, interviews with important figures in the field of education, and classroom observations at a few Muhammadiyah institutions. The study aims to comprehensively understand how the Rahmatan Lil-'Alamin paradigm is converted into educational practises, values, and learning outcomes within the Muhammadiyah school system by triangulating different data sources. The study's findings show that the Rahmatan Lil-'Alamin paradigm has been subtly woven into the instruction fabric at Muhammadiyah schools. This integration is clear in the curriculum's planning, instruction delivery, and creating a supportive and welcoming learning environment. The study also clarifies how this paradigm affects students' character development by promoting a feeling of societal duty, empathy, and ethical consciousness. By offering insights into the actual use of the Rahmatan Lil-'Alamin paradigm within Muhammadiyah institutions, this research contributes to the larger conversation on Islamic education. It not only draws attention to the distinctive characteristics of Islamic education within this paradigm but also emphasises how it can help achieve the larger objectives of comprehensive and socially responsible education within an Islamic framework.

EMPAT PILAR PENDIDIKAN UNESCO DI PAUD TERPADU MUTIARA YOGYAKARTA

This study aims to determine the application of the four pillars of UNESCO education in PAUD Terpadu Mutiara Yogyakarta. The method used in this research is descriptive which gives a complete picture. This study uses interview and documentation techniques to collect data, then the data is analyzed and described with an inductive-deductive thinking pattern. This study obtained the results of the implementation of the four pillars of UNESCO education at PAUD Terpadu Mutiara Yogyakarta, as follows: (1) Learning to know (learning to know) by applying an Islamic approach; (2) Learning to be (learning to be something) by applying child-centered learning and learning by doing (learning by doing) carried out by students; (3) Learning to be (learning to be something) by habituation (habbit forming) in the school environment; (4) Learning to live together (learning to live together) through the example (uswatun hasanah) given by the teacher. The four pillars of UNESCO are interrelated with each other, so that they are carried out in a sustainable manner. In the end, the achievement of the implementation of the four pillars of UNESCO education in PAUD Terpadu Mutiara Yogyakarta can be realized. This research aims to determine the implementation of the four pillars of UNESCO education in PAUD Terpadu Mutiara Yogyakarta. The method used in this research is descriptive which gives a complete picture. This study uses interview and documentation techniques to collect data, then the data is analyzed and described with an inductive-deductive thinking pattern. This study obtained the results of the implementation of the four pillars of UNESCO education at PAUD Terpadu Mutiara Yogyakarta, as follows: (1) Learning to know (learning to know) by applying an Islamic approach; (2) Learning to be (learning to be something) by applying child-centered learning and learning by doing (learning by doing) carried out by students; (3) Learning to be (learning to be something) by habituation (habbit forming) in the school environment; (4) Learning to live together (learning to live together) through the example (uswatun hasanah) given by the teacher. The four pillars of UNESCO are interrelated with each other, so that they are carried out in a sustainable manner. In the end, the achievement of the implementation of the four pillars of UNESCO's education at PAUD Terpadu Mutiara Yogyakarta was realized to the maximum.

Management of Nabi Nuh AS (Study of Business Strategic Planning in dealing with risks, crises and disasters in an Islamic approach: the COVID-19 pandemic crisis as a model (qualitative study using grounded theory)

The current study seeks to produce a theory of business management strategy data in times of crisis in Islam which refers to the story of Prophet Noah AS, also aims to identify the strategies used by business leaders in the crisis management process. A grounded theory approach is applied which is one of the qualitative designs. Fill in the verses of the Qur'an and hadith related to the problems and crises being analyzed.The results of a qualitative analysis of the verses of the Qur'an and the noble hadith of the Prophet's sunnah have resulted in four concepts which constitute a broad conceptual theory of crisis management strategies according to an Islamic approach. These concepts are: Crisis management strategies in Islam, stages of crisis management strategies, characteristics of leaders who manage crises, and the role of a leader during the crisis management process. These results have wide application in the field of leader training, and also recommend future studies to verify theoretical assumptions emerging from the data in this study about crisis management strategies in Islam (COVID-19 pandemic crisis as model).

Islamic Counseling Approach In Preventing Student Brawls

This study aims to determine the "Islamic Counseling Guidance Approach in Preventing Student Brawls". This research is a literature review. Literature review is the process of finding, obtaining, reading, and evaluating sourced reading materials from libraries such as books, articles, reference books, diaries, reports, other magazines. The steps in this research include: (1) reading data sources, understanding and reviewing what is read, (2) writing briefly but meaningfully. Data were obtained from periodicals of journals and literacy. Data analysis consists of pragmatic analysis, subject analysis and symbol analysis. The last step is sorting, comparing, combining, and selecting various actual and relevant meanings. The results of the literature review concluded that counseling guidance needs to contribute to preventing brawls, especially among students by using an Islamic approach both individually and in groups as well as instilling Islamic values ??in the counseling process

Preventing Oil Shock Inflation: Sustainable Development Mechanisms vs. Islamic Mechanisms

This paper discusses the effects of both sustainable development and an Islamic system on the transmission of oil shocks into inflation. Sustainable development in this context includes wealth distribution equity, public governance effectiveness and alternative energy creation for the promotion of economic growth. These factors have been revised by Askari and Mirakhor under an Islamic approach using a set of Islamic indices to reflect a social, economic, political and ecological system that is in compliance with the Sharia principles. Using the ARDL model, we tested whether these Islamic mechanisms could have played the role of sustainable development in the fight against the transmission of oil shocks into inflation in MENA countries during the period 2000–2018. The results show that the Islamic system can play the role of sustainable development better than the traditional one, through fostering social equity, fighting against corruption, promoting humanity in employability and facilitating growth of the real economy. These Islamic values slow down the inflationary phenomenon caused by oil shocks.

The need for Islamic premarital counseling in Indonesia by professional school counselors

The challenges of premarital counseling arise due to early marriage, divorce, marriage due to prior pregnancy, or various partner problems. As educators for students and prospective couples, counselors can conduct premarital counseling based on needs. The premarital counseling model has yet to be formed for the profession's development, so this study aims to analyze the needs of premarital counseling. The research method type is quantitative descriptive, with 21 students as subjects and a purposive sampling technique. The research instrument was an open questionnaire analyzed using quantitative description through percentages. The results of the study found five basic and salient needs for premarital counseling regarding the conditions for pillars of marriage to be valid, knowledge to form a happy family, setting goals for marriage, selecting criteria for a good husband/wife candidate in religion, and understanding the wisdom behind the prohibition to marry individuals who different faiths. Premarital counselors, as educators who are Islamic, competent, professional, and have integrity, use the Al-Qur'an and Sunnah in answering life's problems with a positive counseling mindset so that they know the relationship with God, application in life, awareness, and meaningful self-quality. The five needs of premarital counseling with an Islamic approach are the basis for developing a premarital counseling model with an Islamic system to be implemented in group and individual counseling. The design of Islamic premarital counseling can be designed for the prevention of early marriages and unwanted cases.

ISLAM AND FOUR PRINCIPLES OF BIOMEDICAL ETHICS: FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE

Unfortunately, many clinicians still lack a sufficient understanding of the concepts behind the ethical structure of Islam implemented in everyday clinical circumstances, allowing them to provide care insensitive to the religion's culture. Several aspects of Islamic Biomedical ethics have been discussed. This study explores Islamic Bioethics and its tenets. The importance of appreciating and respecting Islamic Bioethics becomes clear. The nature of Islamic bioethics is also illuminated. Also, the theory of the Islamic bioethical framework for protecting human life, including how it is shaped by the Quran, the Sunnah, ijtihad, and the field as a whole, has been discussed. Islam proposes four bioethical principles: beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice, which are also part of the study. Finally, the relevance of an Islamic approach to bioethical issues is discussed. The Islamic faith places a premium on both preventative healthcare and the therapeutic management of illness. Treatment, genetic engineering, and abortion regulations are a few of the major life issues covered. Concerning the final stages of life, topics like suicide will be considered. Last but not least, is the Islamic perspective on exhumation and organ transplants. Keeping in mind the value of life in Islam, it is obligatory for the patient to seek proper and timely treatment. Also, it is healthcare providers' religious and ethical obligation to be very honest with their duties.

EFEKTIVITAS LAYANAN BIMBINGAN KELOMPOK DENGAN PENDEKATAN ISLAM DALAM MENINGKATKAN CURIOSITY SISWA

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of group guidance services with an Islamic approach in increasing students' curiosity. This study uses a type of experimental quantitative research, the data source comes from 27 students with a data collection method in the form of a questionnaire. The data analysis technique in this study used SPSS version 22.0 with the Shapiro-Wilk test, which obtained a sig. (2-tailed) and interpretation of the results using the paired sample test. The results of this study indicate that there is an increase in the results of the post-test. So it can be concluded that Ho is rejected Ha is accepted.