Irradiated Blood Research Articles

Study of Ag Nanoparticles in a Polyacrylamide Hydrogel Dosimeters by Optical Technique.

The dosimetric characteristics of hydrogel dosimeters based on polyacrylamide (PAC) as a capping agent incorporating silver nitrate as a radiation-sensitive material are investigated using UV-Vis spectrophotometry within the dose range 0–100 Gy. Glycerol was used in the hydrogel matrix to promote the dosimetric response and increase the radiation sensitivity. Upon exposing the PAC hydrogel to γ-ray, it exhibits a Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) band at 453 nm, and its intensity increases linearly with absorbed doses up to 100 Gy. The results are compared with the silver nitrate gel dosimeter. Glycerol of 15% in the hydrogel matrix enhances the radiation sensitivity by about 30%. PAC hydrogel dosimeter can be considered a near water equivalent material in the 400 keV–20 MeV photon energy range. At doses less than 15 Gy, the PAC hydrogel dosimeter retains higher radiation sensitivity than the gel dosimeter. The total uncertainty (2σ) of the dose estimated using this hydrogel is about 4%. These results may support the validity of using this hydrogel as a dosimeter to verify radiotherapy techniques and dose monitoring during blood irradiation.

Optimization of the dental implant with the use of ILIB: major considerations

Introduction: In the context of implantology and osseointegration for the stabilization of dental implants, the use of ILIB (Intravascular Laser Irradiation of Blood) to stimulate tissues, cells, and molecules at the systemic level stands out. In this sense, ILIB can be used with postoperative applications in the osseointegration and stability of dental implants. Objective: Conducted a concise systematic review of the main findings of using the ILIB to improve dental implant practices. Methods: The research was carried out from May 2021 to June 2021 and developed based on Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar, following the Systematic Review-PRISMA rules. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results: A total of 58 studies were analyzed, with only 10 medium and high-quality studies selected, according to GRADE rules, and with risks of bias that do not compromise scientific development. After analyzing the major studies, it was analyzed that, with the use of ILIB, several bone regeneration factors can be promoted and optimized for implant dentistry. Other authors have shown that ILIB therapy has oral sterilization properties, facilitating tissue healing after surgical procedures and the osseointegration process for placement of stable implants. Despite this, low-intensity laser irradiation may have limitations, as it requires specific dosimetry and few published studies on the use of ILIB in Dentistry. Conclusion: Literary findings point to the safety and efficacy of ILIB in dental implant treatments. The ILIB power is included as an eligibility criterion equal to other low power lasers. Furthermore, ILIB enables local and systemic treatment, optimizing the benefits of its use by dentists, mainly to improve the stabilization of osseointegrated implants and prevent or eliminate contamination.

Use of Irradiated Red Blood Cell Transfusions in Newborns to Improve Intracerebral Saturation

Use of Irradiated Red Blood Cell Transfusions in Newborns to Improve Intracerebral Saturation

Possibilities of increasing the efficiency of atopic dermatitis treatment in children using physiotherapeutic methods

Introduction. Modern complex treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children involves not only drug treatment, but also the use of physiotherapy techniques. Purpose: to develop an effective complex method for the treatment of children with AD with the combined use of hydrotherapy (HT), non-selective chromotherapy (NCT) and low-intensity laser blood irradiation (NLBI), which reduces the severity of the disease and improves the children and their families’ quality of life. Material and methods. We examined 164 children diagnosed with AD from 4 to 15 years old (mean age 8±2.9 years). For a comparative study of the effectiveness of various treatment methods, 5 groups of patients were formed who received: basic drug therapy (BMT), GT+BMT, NHT+BMT, NLBI+BMT, GT+NHT+NLBI+BMT. Before the start of treatment, after 1 month and 3 months. assessed the severity of clinical manifestations of AD using the SCORAD scale, children’s dermatological quality of life index (DQLI), family DQLI (FDQLI), Results. After 1 month from the beginning of treatment in the groups of BMT, GT+BMT, NHT+BMT, NLBI+BMT, GT+NHT+NLBI+BM, the values of the SCORAD indices decreased by 1.5; 2; 2.5; 3.4; 4.6 times (respectively), the DQLI index — 1,5 times; 1.9; 2.3; 2.9; 4.6 times (respectively), the FDQLI index of 1.3; 1.5; 2.1; 2.7; 4.5 times (respectively). Conclusion. The developed method of combined use of HT, NCT, NLBI and basic drug therapy in the treatment of children with AD is more effective than the use of these methods in isolation. This is confirmed by a decrease in the DQLI and FDQLI indices by 78.3% and 71.7%, respectively, and a decrease in the SCORAD index by 78.3% with the transition from a moderate to mild form of the disease.

Quantification of histone H2AX phosphorylation in white blood cells induced by ex vivo gamma irradiation of whole blood by both flow cytometry and foci counting as a dose estimation in rapid triage.

A quick, reliable, and reproducible biological assay to distinguish individuals with possible life-threatening risk following radiological or nuclear incidents remains a quest in biodosimetry. In this paper, we examined the use of a γ-H2AX assay as an early dose estimation for rapid triage based on both flow cytometry and image analyses. In the experiment, whole blood from 11 donors was irradiated ex vivo inside a water phantom by gamma rays from Co-60 at 0.51 Gy/min. After the lysis of red blood cells, the white blood cells were collected for immunofluorescence labeling of γ-H2AX, CD45, and nuclear stained for signal collection and visualization. Analysis by flow cytometry showed that the relative γ-H2AX intensities of lymphocytes and granulocytes increased linearly with absorbed doses from 0 to 6 Gy with a large variation among individuals observed above 2 Gy. The relative γ-H2AX intensities of lymphocytes assessed by two different laboratories were highly correlated (ICC = 0.979). Using confocal microscopic images, γ-H2AX foci were observed to be discretely distributed inside the nuclei and to increase proportionally with doses from 0 to 2 Gy, whereas large plagues of merged foci appeared at 4 and 6 Gy, resulting in the saturation of foci counts above 4 Gy. The number of total foci per cell as well as the number of foci per plane were significantly different at 0 vs 1 and 2 vs 4 Gy doses (p < 0.01). Blind tests at 0.5 Gy and 1 Gy doses showed that dose estimation by flow cytometry had a mean absolute difference of less than 0.5 Gy from the actual value. In conclusion, while flow cytometry can provide a dose estimation with an uncertainty of 0.5 Gy at doses ≤ 1 Gy, foci counting can identify merged foci that are prominent at doses ≥ 4 Gy.

Polyfactorial approach in the correction of cognitive impairment in patients with post-Covid syndrome

The article discusses a multi-level polyfactorial approach in the correction of cognitive impairment in patients with post-Covid syndrome based on the combined use of cognitive-motivational correction of the psychological state and physiotherapeutic methods of treatment: multi-level magnetolaser therapy, advanced blood irradiation, transcranial neuroacoustic and light-pulse stimulation.&#x0D; According to the results of the analysis of the results of testing patients based on the Montreal scale for assessing cognitive functions before the start, after 6 and 12 procedures, as well as 4 weeks after the completion of rehabilitation in the first group, the average indicators of the level of cognitive functions changed from 18.2 to 21.4 points, in the second group from 17 to 26 points.&#x0D; Psychological testing using the psychometric tables of A. Beck and Spielberger-Hanin showed a decrease in the average level of depression after the procedures in the first group by 5.4±1.4 (from 27.5 to 22.1) points, the anxiety level by 4.9±0.3 (from 35.1 to 30.2), in the second group by 9.9±1.2 (from 27.3 to 17.4) and 8.2±0.4 (from 35.2 to 27.0), respectively. Additionally, it should be noted that the clients of the second group were more interested in conducting a second course.&#x0D; A multi-level approach in the medical rehabilitation of patients with post-Covid syndrome based on the use of psychological correction, magnetolaser effect on the projection of the liver, supravenous irradiation of blood and combined transcranial neuroacoustic and light-pulse stimulation in combination with endonasal breathing of a singlet-oxygen mixture in a magnetic field turned out to be the most effective for restoring cognitive functions.

Irradiator issues: source, dose, and waste management

Blood irradiation is used to prevent Graft Versus Host Disease following whole blood transfusion. Since it concerns the application of radiation, radiation safety must be considered for this procedure.

Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease, transfusion-associated hyperkalemia, and potassium filtration: advancing safety and sufficiency of the blood supply

Irradiation of cellular blood components is well established as a countermeasure against transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD). Unintended consequences of ionizing radiation are also well established. The red cell “storage lesion” – a progression of metabolic, functional, and morphological changes – may be exacerbated by irradiation rates and doses typically used for TA-GVHD prophylaxis. With or without irradiation, a storage lesion change of clinical concern is the accelerated egress of intracellular potassium. ATP depletion during storage limits the activity of the red cell membrane’s sodium-potassium pump (Na,K-ATPase), which normally maintains intracellular potassium (K+) at levels 30–40 times higher than the extracellular milieu. The natural diffusion of potassium down this concentration gradient proceeds faster if the cell membrane is damaged, and oxidative damage to cellular membranes and membrane proteins – including Na,K-ATPase – is an effect of ionizing radiation.Preventing transfusion-related hyperkalemia is a reason for limiting the shelf life of irradiated red cells. In the absence of specific measurements to assess storage lesion in a particular unit of blood, and in the absence of specific interventions at the time of transfusion to mitigate effects of storage lesion, it is consistent with the precautionary principle to put conservative limits on a blood component’s shelf life. On the other hand, both the safety and sufficiency of a nation’s blood supply might be improved by interventions that benefit specific recipients when they are transfused, and benefit future patients by extending the allowable shelf life of blood components. Potassium filtration of irradiated red blood cell components is one such intervention.

НИЗКОИНТЕНСИВНОЕ ЛАЗЕРНОЕ ОБЛУЧЕНИЕ КРОВИ И ЕГО ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ДЛЯ КОРРЕКЦИИ НАРУШЕНИЙ СИСТЕМЫ ГОМЕОСТАЗА У БЕРЕМЕННЫХ КРЫС С ТЕРМИЧЕСКИМИ ОЖОГАМИ КОЖИ

Background. Treatment of burn injuries is one of the most acute and urgent problems of combustiology, despite all the achievements of modern medicine. With skin burns, multiple systemic changes occur that require special attention and new approaches. Low-intensity laser blood irradiation is a highly effective method of non-pharmacological corrective effect on the homeostasis system of burned patients, but remains unexplored in pregnant women with thermal skin burns. The aim of the research. To evaluate the effectiveness of low-intensity laser blood irradiation for the correction of disorders of the homeostasis system in pregnant rats with thermal skin burns. Material and methods. An experimental study was carried out on 81 female outbred white rats weighing 200-250 g, which were divided into three groups. The control group consisted of pregnant intact rats, the first experimental group - rats with thermal skin burns in the early period of pregnancy, the second experimental group - rats with thermal skin burns in the early period of pregnancy, which underwent low-intensity laser blood irradiation. The oxygen transport function of blood, acid-base status and basic biochemical parameters of blood were studied. Results. Thermal burns of the skin in rats in the early period of pregnancy are accompanied by a deterioration in the oxygen transport function of the blood (a decrease in PO2 and SO2 values, a decrease in the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen) and the development of metabolic acidosis, as well as the presence of endogenous intoxication (an increase in the concentration of urea and creatinine, an increase in the level of liver enzymes). The use of low-intensity laser irradiation of blood makes it possible to improve homeostasis indices in a shorter time. Conclusions. Low-intensity laser irradiation of blood improves the main indicators of the oxygen transport function of the blood and reduces the level of endogenous intoxication during skin burns in rats in the early period of pregnancy.

DOSE MAPPING OF GAMMA IRRADIATION CHAMBER (GIC)

The use of gamma rays to irradiate blood products have been demonstrated to reduce the probability of post-transfusion graft versus host disease. The aim of this study is to investigate the accuracy of a new batch of Gafchromic EBT-XD films to map the homogeneity of gamma radiation dose delivered to the blood bags and identify the lowest and highest levels of radiation exposure to the blood. The Gammacell 3000 Elan Gamma irradiation chamber (GIC) @ Blood Irradiator with Cesium-137 source was used. During the gamma irradiation at an exposure of 8 minutes 51 seconds to deliver a central dose of 25 Gy to the film, the EBT-XD films were placed at the centre of a blood-equivalent phantom. The doses then were measured using dose mapping analysis of Gafchromic EBT-XD film. The responses of EBT-XD films were compared with EBT3 films and GS 300 Dose Mapping Report 2021 prepared by Best Theratronics Dosimetry Laboratory, Canada. Results showed the value of doses obtained from the mapping using EBT-XD were reliable compared with the doses measured in EBT3 film as they were in the range of the acceptable dose ranges for blood irradiation procedures. The mapping with EBT-XD film yielded a minimum dosage of 18 Gy and a maximum exposure of 32 Gy at 8 minutes 51 seconds of irradiation. In conclusion, EBT-XD offered excellent dosimetric characteristics and has a the potential to dose map the blood irradiator.

Chromosomal Aberrations in Blood Lymphocytes as Predictors of Respiratory Function After Stereotactic Lung Irradiation.

Due to the profound difference in radiosensitivity of patients and various side effects caused by this phenomenon, a radiosensitivity marker is needed. Prediction by a marker may help personalise the treatment. In this study, we tested chromosomal aberrations (CA) of in vitro irradiated blood as predictor of pulmonary function decrease of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and also compared it with the CAs in the blood of irradiated patients. Peripheral blood samples were taken from 45 lung cancer patients before stereotactic radiotherapy (SBRT) and immediately after the last fraction and 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months later. Respiratory function measurements were performed at the same time. Diffusing capacity of lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1s), and FEV1s/FVC (FEV1%) were monitored. Metaphase preparations of lymphocytes were made with standard procedures, and chromosome aberrations were analysed. In our cohort, the 36-month local relapse-free survival was 97.4%, and the distant metastasis-free survival was 71.5% at 36 months. There was no change in the mean of the pulmonary function tests (PFTs) after the therapy. However, there was a considerable variability between the patients. Therefore, we subtracted the baseline and normalised the PFT values. There were significant decreases at 12–24 months in relative FEV1s and relative FEV1%. The tendentious decrease of the PFTs could be predicted by the in vitro chromosome aberration data. We also found connections between the in vitro and in vivo CA values (i.e., dicentrics plus rings after 3 Gy irradiation predicts dicentric-plus-ring value directly after the radiotherapy/V54 Gy (p = 0.001 24.2%)).We found that—after further validation—chromosome aberrations resulted from in vitro irradiation before radiotherapy can be a predictive marker of pulmonary function decrease after lung irradiation.

Photodynamic therapy of penile leukoplakia: a case report

Purpose: to describe a clinical case of successful application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in a patient with leukoplakia of the glans penis skin.Material and methods. For PDT, chlorin-type photosensitizer “Photolon” was used. The photosensitizer (lyophilized powder) was diluted in 200.0 ml of 0.9 % sodium chloride solution, administered intravenously at dosage 1.5 mg/kg of body weight. After 2.5 hours, intravenous laser blood irradiation was performed with “Lakhta-Milon” laser device (output power – 100 mW, exposure – 30 minutes). Before PDT, fluorescence diagnostics in ultraviolet light with wavelength 395–405 nm was performed. PDT technique was single-field irradiation with output power 1800 mW (1.8 W), irradiation energy density – 150 J/cm2. Power density of laser light was 200 mW/cm2. Exposure time – 14 min.Results. After treatment, complete regression of the pathological focus and regeneration of healthy tissue were marked (one month).Conclusion. PDT in a patient with leukoplakia of glans penis is an effective and safe curative technique.

Treatment of wound Infection in case of Gunshot Wounds and Objective Criteria of its Effectiveness

The analysis of complex treatment of 48 patients with infectious complications of gunshot wounds of the extremities was carried out. In 30 patients - using the method of treatment developed by the authors (RF patent No. 2281126). For an objective assessment of the applied treatment method, the following criteria were used: clinical and biochemical blood tests, microbiological, cytological and immunological studies.Studies of the functional activity of the B-system of lymphocytes showed that patients with wound infection have a significant decrease in class M and G immuglobulins. The combination of hyperbaric oxygenation with ultraviolet blood irradiation has a pronounced bactericidal and detoxifying effect, and also accelerates the recovery of the body's detoxification function, creating optimal conditions for wound healing. The proposed method of treatment improves the results of treatment and reduces possible complications.

Clinical efficacy of extracorporeal and intravascular hemocorrection methods in psoriasis

study of the influence of methods of extracorporeal and intravascular hemocorrection (plasmapheresis, ultraviolet blood irradiation, ozone therapy and their combination) on the course of the skin process and the quality of life of patients with widespread psoriasis vulgaris. Material. 253 patients with widespread psoriasis aged 18 to 72 years were examined. Treatment was assessed using the PASI (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index) and dermatological quality of life index (DQLI). Results. The inclusion of efferent-quantum methods and ozone therapy in the complex ofpsoriasis treatment contributes to a faster and more pronounced positive dynamics of the skin process, improving the quality of life. The most effective was the use of plasmapheresis and its variants with photomodification or ozone treatment of the returned erythrocyte suspension. Plasmapheresis and its modifications should be used in the complex treatment of patients with severe psoriasis. Conclusion. It seems promising to further study the methods of efferent-quantum medicine and ozone therapy and their wider use in the treatment of psoriasis and other chronic dermatosis.

CYTOGENETIC STUDY OF MANIFESTATIONS OF THE UNIVERSAL PHENOMENON OF THE BYSTANDER RESPONSE.

to establish the level of chromosomal instability in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from healthyindividuals and cells from patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) under co-cultivation conditions and to determine the possibility of inducing manifestations of the universal phenomenon of bystander response in them. Cytogenetic analysis of uniformly stained chromosomes from human PBL, which differed by cytogenetic markers of sex; the presence of oncological transformation and in vitro irradiation of 137Cs in a dose of 0.50 Gy under the conditions of their joint cultivation was performed. The frequency of chromosome aberrations in PBL from healthy individuals when co-cultured with the blood from CLL patients was 3.35 per 100 cells, exceeded the control (1.48 per 100 cells, р < 0.01), did not significantly differ from the rate in non-irradiated blood T-lymphocytes from patients with B-cell CLL (3.18 per 100 cells, р > 0.05) and was lower than when co-cultivated with irradiated blood from CLL patients (5.00 per 100 cells, р < 0.01). In irradiated in vitro blood lymphocytes from CLL patients, the mean group level of chromosome aberrations under separate cultivation was 12.36 per 100 cells and exceeded the indicator during their co-cultivation with lymphocytes from healthy individuals (8.35 per 100 cells, р < 0.05). A tumor-induced bystander effect (TIBE) develops in PBL from healthy individuals when co-cultured with the blood from CLL patients and in T lymphocytes of B-cell CLL patients, the cytogenetic manifestation of which is an increase in the frequency of single chromatid fragments. The interaction of irradiated blood cells from CLL patients with lymphocytes from healthy individuals causes an increase in chromosomal instability in the latter due to the development of a radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) and leads to a decrease in the level of chromosomal instability in irradiated lymphocytes from CLL patients (rescue effect). An increase in the level of chromatid-type aberrations in T-lymphocytes of CLL patients during in vitro irradiation is a consequence of the development of RIBE against the background of TIBE.

Современные принципы восстановления нарушенной антитромбогенной активности эндотелия сосудистой стенки в период перименопаузы

Hormonal changes during perimenopause cause impairment of the antithrombogenic activity of the vascular wall (ATAVW), which is one of the factors leading to the development of atherosclerosis. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of treatment contribute to the restoration of ATAVW. Objective. To study the effect of complex treatment including intravenous laser blood irradiation (ILBI) and combined hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with low and ultra-low doses of estrogen on ATAVW in patients with secondary cardiomyopathy (SCM) during perimenopause. Patients and methods. This study included 90 perimenopausal women diagnosed with SCM who had decreased ATAVW and received different treatment to relieve menopausal symptoms. Patients were divided into three groups depending on the choice of treatment: group 1 (control) was treated with a multivitamin complex, group 2 – with low-dose combined HRT based on 1 mg estradiol + ILBI, group 3 – with ultra-low-dose combined HRT based on 0.5 mg estradiol + ILBI. The follow-up period was 3 years. ATAVW was assessed during screening, at 6, 12, and 36 months after inclusion in the study. At each visit we determined ATAVW, anti-aggregation activity with graphical registration, anticoagulant, and fibrinolytic activity. Results. In the groups with HRT + ILBI, positive dynamics were achieved in all parameters of AAVW: an increase in the antiaggregation, anticoagulant, and fibrinolytic activity of the vascular wall both before and after compression test during the whole period of follow-up. The positive statistically significant (p &lt; 0.001) dynamics of these ATAVW parameters were noted after 6 months of treatment and persisted throughout the entire follow-up and treatment period. Conclusion. The use of ILBI in combination with low-dose or ultra-low-dose HRT in perimenopausal patients with SCM and decreased ATAVW led to the improvement of ATAVW, which resulted in the increase in anticoagulant, anti-aggregation, and fibrinolytic activity. Key words: endothelium, antithrombogenic activity, vascular wall, secondary cardiomyopathy in perimenopause, intravenous laser blood irradiation, hormone replacement therapy

Комплексное лечение раневой инфекции при огнестрельных ранениях и ее объективные критерии эффективности

The analysis of complex treatment of 48 patients with infectious complications of gunshot wounds of the extremities was carried out. In 30 patients, the treatment method developed by the authors was used (RF patent No. 2281126). The combination of hyperbaric oxygenation with ultraviolet blood irradiation enabled to significantly improve the treatment results compared with the control group.

Изменения иммунологических показателей при использовании комбинированного физиотерапевтического метода в комплексном лечении атопического дерматита у детей

The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in immunological parameters in children with atopic dermatitis when using hydrotherapy, non-selective chromotherapy, and intravenous laser irradiation of blood against the background of basic drug therapy. Materials and methods. The work was performed with the participation of 164 patients with moderate lichenoid and erythematous-squamous forms of atopic dermatitis aged 4 to 15 years with a frequency of exacerbations from 3 to 4 times a year with a tendency to increase their duration. The patients were divided into 5 groups: the first group received basic drug therapy (BDT), the second - hydrotherapy and BDT, the third - non-selective chromotherapy and BDT, the fourth - low-intensity laser irradiation of blood and BDT, the fifth - hydrotherapy, non-selective chromotherapy, low-intensity laser irradiation of blood and BDT. The content of total IgE, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, IL-18 and TNF-α in the blood serum of patients was determined by enzyme immunoassay before treatment, as well as 1 and 3 months after its start. Results. Before the start of treatment, the values of all the studied indicators in comparison with healthy individuals were significantly increased (by 2.1-3.1 times). In patients of the first and second groups, the level of IgE and cytokines did not change significantly after 1 and 3 months from the start of treatment in comparison with the indicators before the start of treatment. In the third group, after 1 month from the start of treatment, the group experienced a significant (by 11-20%) decrease in IgE and cytokine levels, which persisted after 3 months of follow-up. In the fourth group, the decrease in the studied indicators after 1 month was even more significant and did not change significantly. The greatest decrease in indicators after 1 and 3 months was observed in the fifth group of patients (by 40-62%) who received basic drug therapy in combination with hydrotherapy, non-selective chromotherapy and intravenous laser irradiation of blood. Conclusion. In children with moderate atopic dermatitis, drug-based basic treatment combined with non-selective chromotherapy and intravenous laser irradiation of blood contributes to the effective correction of immunological reactivity for a long period of time.

Efficacy of inspiratory muscle training on inspiratory muscles strength, functional capacity, and quality of life in patients with interstitial lung disease. A single non-controlled clinical study

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of low level laser therapy (extravascular laser blood irradiation) on glycaemic levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients The most disabling symptoms in interstitial lung disease (ILD) patients are exertional dyspnoea, functional limitations, and impaired quality of life (QoL), all related to inspiratory muscle dysfunction. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of inspiratory muscle training by using a threshold device on inspiratory muscle strength, functional capacity, and QoL in patients with ILD.MethodsA single non-controlled clinical study was conducted among 30 patients with different subtypes of ILD who received 30-minute threshold inspiratory muscle training 3 times per week for 12 weeks at 30% of the maximum inspiratory pressure (PI&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;). PI&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;, distance walked in a 2-minute walk test (2MWT), oxygen saturation (SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;%), and QoL by the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey were measured before and after the intervention.ResultsA significant improvement was observed in all measured variables: PI&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt; (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0001), distance walked in 2MWT (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.003), SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;% (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.043), and the QoL score (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05).ConclusionsIt was found that threshold inspiratory muscle training is recommended to be a part of the routine care for ILD patients to gain the benefits of improving the control of the symptoms.

Effect of electrophysical resources on healing of neurotendinous injury in an experimental model of type I diabetes and kidney disease.

ABSTRACTPurpose:To evaluate and describe the effect of electrophysical resources laser therapy (LLLT), intravascular laser blood irradiation (ILIB), and cryotherapy on the healing process of neurotendinous injury, as well as possible systemic changes, in the experimental model of type 1 diabetes associated with kidney injury.Methods:The animals were randomized into four groups: G1) healthy control with untreated injury; G2) healthy control with injury and treatment; G3) disease control with untreated lesion; G4) disease with injury and treatment. Furthermore, the treated groups were divided into three, according to the type of treatment. All animals were induced to neurotendinous injury and treated according to the therapeutic protocols. Healing and inflammation were analyzed by semiquantitative histopathological study.Results:It was observed in sick animals treated with cryotherapy and ILIB reduction of inflammatory exudate, presence of fibroblasts and organization of collagen, when compared to the effects of LLLT. Moreover, there was reduction in glycemic levels in the group treated with ILIB.Conclusions:Cryotherapy promoted reduction in inflammatory exudate and organization of collagen fibers, in addition to the absence of signs of tissue necrosis, in the groups treated with and without the disease. ILIB therapy showed the same findings associated with significant reduction in glycemic levels in the group of diseased animals. The application of LLLT showed increased inflammatory exudate, low organization of collagen fibers and low sign of tissue degeneration and necrosis. This study in a model of associated diseases (diabetes and kidney disease) whose effects of electrophysical resources studied after neurotendinous injury allows us to verify histopathological variables suggestive of patients with the same comorbidities.