Iran Khodro Research Articles

Identifying and prioritizing supply chain risks using the ANP and Dematel Model Process (including case study)

Uncertainty is one of the most important challenges in the supply chain that can affect its goals. Therefore, identifying and evaluating risks is of particular importance. If the importance of risks in any industry can be identified, there can be specific measures against them, and the organization can be protected from their damage. Chain risk management can also be a useful approach in organizational and management due to its dynamic nature and the role of the main business functions. Given that the car industry in any country is one of the indicators of development because of its value and special place in industrial production and the after-sales service network, and in terms of its extensive connection to the chains of the previous and later industries, it is a key industry. And it has a high potential for employment and an effective role in economic growth and development. Therefore, this study was devoted to a case study on the supply chain of Iran Khodro Company. The goal is to identify and prioritize the supply chain risks for this company. In this regard, after identifying the effective risks in the supply chain of Iran Khodro Company, according to experts, we used the Dematel-ANP Combined Approach to rank the identified risks and apply the importance of each risk strategy and responsive programs appropriate to them.

A Comprehensive Evaluation Model for Smart Supply Chain Based on The Hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Method

Enhancing the smartness of the supply chain under the influence of information technology development at different levels can have a significant effect on its overall performance and a favorable response to the continuous changes in the business environment in the wide network of local and global supply chains. Therefore, in this study, the important and influential aspects of supply chain smartness have been investigated via a comprehensive assessment model. Then, evaluation criteria are prioritized using the new combined multi-criteria decision-making method. For this purpose, the supply chain of Iran Khodro Company has been considered as a case study. The identification and selection of assessment criteria are based on the literature review and experts' opinions via the Delphi method. Then, by using the developed best-worst group fuzzy method, the final prioritization of the criteria has been proposed. Finally, the evaluation of smartness improvement solutions is proposed by using the Vikor method. The main obtained results indicate the importance of cost, technology, security, customer relationship management, and agility criteria.

Multi-objective optimization of a hybrid micro-grid system for reducing grid dependency in the automotive industry: a case study of Iran Khodro company

ABSTRACT The global energy market is rapidly replacing fossil fuels with renewables, propelled by the pressure to implement a globally sustainable energy strategy before the environmental effects become irreversible. Hybrid microgrids, which can provide electricity from multiple renewable sources, could be a cost-effective and reliable solution for factories wishing to reduce their carbon footprint. This paper proposes a grid-connected hybrid micro grid system (HMGS) for an automobile manufacturing facility that can operate autonomously. This HMGS is optimized with HOMER Pro and MATLAB software using a particle swarm evolutionary approach. A multi-criteria decision-making process is conducted to select the best battery technology for storage. The optimal configuration obtained is a hybrid PV-wind-diesel-battery sharing grid system with 691 kW PV,101 wind turbines, a 500-kW diesel generator, and ten lithium-ion batteries. This configuration has an energy cost of 0.0769 $/kWh, a loss load probability of 4.045%, and a renewable fraction of 50%. A sensitivity analysis was also carried out to thoroughly investigate the effects of various system parameters on the final cost and system configuration. The findings suggest the automobile industry has a very high potential to increase renewable fraction by reducing grid usage, thereby lowering its carbon footprint.

Designing an Appropriate Model for Assessing the Performance of Enterprises at Various Stages of the Organizational Life Cycle

Objective: The current research aims to design a performance evaluation model using the Balanced Scorecard approach, based on the organizational life cycle. Methods: This study is of an applied research type and is survey-based in terms of analysis of collected data. The required data were collected through fieldwork using three researcher-made questionnaires and document study method. The statistical population of this research included 320 managers and supervisors of Iran Khodro Investment Development Company and its subsidiaries. For data analysis, group hierarchical analysis was used. The sample size was determined using the Morgan table, and respondents were selected via simple random sampling. Findings: The results of the data analysis showed that organizations pay more attention to their internal processes during the birth stage. However, during the growth stage, they focus more on increasing market share and customer satisfaction, and on the growth of production and income, which in this case moves the organization towards enlargement and elimination of competitors. During the maturity stage, increasing the economic value of the organization and creating more assets and income along with consolidating and strengthening the market position are of greater interest. Narcissism, lack of attention to renovation and innovation, creativity, as well as increased levels of costs and bureaucracy cause the organization to decline and, since it cannot maintain its market and balance its income with expenses, it quickly moves to the death stage in the organizational life cycle. Conclusion: The findings of this research can be of interest to human resource planners, especially automotive companies, and can be useful for improving quality and achieving organizational goals.

Improve Organizational Performance by Implementing the Dimensions of Total Quality Management with Respect to the Mediating Role of Organizational Innovation Capability

Abstract The results of the research show that the implementation of total quality management can improve processes and public participation in doing the best work in the organization, which in turn can increase market share, increase profits, increase product sales, reduce Waste and rework have a positive effect. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of total quality management on organizational performance with respect to the mediating role of organizational innovation capability in Iran Khodro Company. The present study was applied based on the purpose and survey-correlational in terms of data collection. Accordingly, after studying the theoretical foundations and research background in the field of total quality management, organizational performance and organizational innovation capability, effective dimensions were identified and introduced in the form of a conceptual model. The statistical sample of this research consisted of 222 middle managers of Iran Khodro Company’s headquarters. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect research data, the validity and reliability of which were confirmed. In order to fit the conceptual model of the research and test the research hypotheses, the structural equation modeling method was used in Smart PLS software. The results of testing research hypotheses showed that the dimensions of total quality management (hard quality management and soft quality management) have a positive and significant effect on organizational performance and organizational innovation capability. Organizational, the organizational innovation capability variable has an influential mediating role.

Environmental Risk Management in Automaker Industries Case Study: Pre-Paint Part of Iran Khodro Company (IKCO)

Despite abundant resources, the automotive industry is reported to adversely impact the environment owing to the use of heavy machinery, diverse and governmental management policies for car production per hour, remarkable employed labor force, production cycle timing, etc. For this purpose, many studies involving environmental risk management have been conducted. To this aim, the present study has been carried out in pre-paint part No. 2 of IKCO (preparation process). In this regard, using FUZZY FMEA and VIKOR methods, the identified risks were assessed and reformative measures and solutions were classified, respectively. A total of 15 individuals considered HSE experts of IKCO were selected as a statistical sample size according to the Morgan table. Consequently, the high level risks were identified and appropriate solutions were suggested to reduce the environmental effects, and according to achieved scores, “torch adjustments based on compliance report” with the objective of reducing air pollution was selected as the compromise solution. IKCO should consider torch adjustment based on compliance report actions as its first priority.

A new fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making approach for risk assessment of competitors’ cooperation in new product development projects

PurposeThis study aims to identify and accurately assess the risk factors of competitors’ cooperation in the NPD project.Design/methodology/approachNew product development (NPD) is essential to the survival of companies and surpassing other competitors. A key prerequisite for the success of an NPD project is the timing of new product delivery to the market. The main challenge faced by many project managers is the delay in execution and completion phases due to the complex nature and uncertainty of these projects. Rival companies' cooperation reduces the time spent on an NPD project which is an excellent way to reduce the risk of losing the market, but it increases other risk factors.FindingsBased on the results, the security and confidentiality of innovation, the competitors attracting human resources and the company’s brand credibility factors were ranked higher than other factors and should be predicted and managed before cooperating with competitors.Originality/valueThis paper proposed a new model to assess risk factors in cooperation with rival companies in NPD projects. This model takes into account new parameters, for example, negative and positive risks, negative and positive passable risks and risk-based multi-objective optimization by ratio analysis plus full multiplicative form methodology for the rival companies cooperation in NPD projects. To evaluate the efficiency of the proposed model, a real case of the R&D unit of Iran Khodro Company was studied.

A Statistical Case Study for the Components of Spiritual and Charismatic Leadership in Reverse Engineering based on Voice of Customer in Iran Khodro Company

Nowadays, vending is the most important pillar of a production set. The positive and significant points of the manufactured parts are attained by interviewing with the customer, sending a questionnaire to the customer, testing the market, investigating the quality and reliability of new products, probing the reports and product quality of competitors. Aimed at predicting the type of leadership in reverse engineering, based on “Voice of Customer” (VOC), between the Iran Khodro Company’s (IKC) managers (case study of Peugeot 405 brake pump shell), the present study was conducted. Using descriptive-correlation research method, about 90 managers were randomly selected in several categories according to gender, age and years of service, proportional to the size of each category. Three questionnaires of “Oregon and Kanowski Organizational Citizenship Behavior” (OKOCB), “Fry Spiritual Leadership” (FSL), and researcher-made “Charismatic Leadership” (CL) were utilized to collect the research data. To measure the reliability rate using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, this item was obtained for all three questionnaires of the OKOCB, FSL and CL behavior (α = 0.92, 0.81 and 0.85) respectively. Collecting the data, they were analyzed using multiple regression analysis and based on the research hypotheses. The results indicated that there is a positive and significant relationship between the dimensions of SL and organizational citizenship behavior, and also between the CL and the organizational citizenship behavior. The results of structural equation modeling also showed that SL with a path coefficient 0.7 is able to affect overall quality management (t ≥ 1.96, p≤ 0.05).

Investigating the key indicators of implementing car paint quality management in the automotive industry

With the increasing development of science and technology, economics and industry have gone beyond their traditional framework and are becoming more and more knowledge-based every day. In this regard, identifying and reviewing key indicators in different sectors of industry as well as evaluating and prioritizing these factors are the most important optimization tools in the field of growth and development of companies. The study of how these tools affect their development and identify the factors affecting their accurate implementation in the field of car paint quality is the subject of this article. After extensive review of existing studies in this field and reviewing the opinions of experts, key influential factors were identified and using the ideas of experts, they were modified in accordance with the conditions of the country and placed in a suitable frame. These critical indicators were examined using Fuzzy AHP method and their importance was discovered within the process. This model was investigated and tested in Iran Khodro Company, using the analysis of the results the importance of the elements was figured out. Finally, using the obtained results from the analysis, the value of optimal implementation in different parts of the industry was examined.

A Stochastic Mathematical Programming Approach to Resilient Supplier Selection and Order Allocation Problem: A Case Study in Iran Khodro Supply Chain

Suppliers as one of the main sources of vulnerability may lead to disruption and risk in supply chains. Thus, resilient supplier selection can lead to an increase in the resilience of the supply process, especially in automotive supply chains. The goal of this study is to select a set of resilient suppliers and optimal demand allocation in an automotive supply chain under risk. For this purpose, a bi-objective two-stage stochastic programming model is presented. In contrast to previous mathematical models, our model includes a new objective function to consider the supplier’s delivery performance as one of the criteria of resilient supplier selection and also the k-means clustering method is used to cluster and decrease the number of disruption scenarios. In the proposed model, due to the uncertainty of demand, chance-constrained programming approach has been utilized. The augmented Ɛ-constraint method is implemented to solve the presented model. Finally, sensitivity analysis has been done to determine the effect of parameter changes on the final results. The results of the research indicate that contingency planning can reduce the effect of disruption risks. The findings also show that the strategy of the supply chain regionalization is important in reducing the effects of environmental disruption.

Presenting a sustainable human resources model in the iranian automotive industry using the grounded theory approach

This research aims to provide a model of sustainable human resources in the Iranian automotive industry using the grounded theory approach. To achieve the research objectives using the non-probability snowball sampling method, the opinions of 15 experts in the field of human resources and senior managers of development units of Iran Khodro and Saipa companies were used to the theoretical saturation stage. The present study has been conducted using an experimental mixed research method. During open coding, approximately 129 items were extracted from the text of interviews as initial concepts. The results showed that economic conditions have the highest priority among the causal states, recruitment and retention of the workforce have the highest priority among the contextual conditions, the government has the highest priority among the interventionist conditions, investment in employee competence for current and future scenarios has the highest priority among strategies, and financial benefits and economic growth have the highest priority among outcomes and consequences.

Reducing Whole-Body Vibration Transmitted to Taxi Drivers and Occupants of Peugeot 405 by Providing Optimal Tire Inflation Pressure

This study aimed to reduce WBV transmitted to taxi drivers and occupants of Peugeot 405 by providing optimal tire inflation pressure. This experimental study was carried out on Peugeot 405 taxi manufactured by Iran Khodro Co. in Iran. Vibration characteristics were measured three times, in combined statuses of tire inflation pressure, type of gas used to inflate tires, presence or absence of tubes in tires, and car speed, according to ISO 2631-1 using SVAN 958A as a vibration analyzer with a calibration certificate. Tire temperature was also measured using an IR BE550 thermometer in each combined status. Then, the data were analyzed. The results showed an A (8) value of 0.99 (m / s2) at a tire inflation pressure of 30 PSI for Peugeot 405. The A (8) value decreased with reducing tire inflation pressure (P value<0.001). The A (8) value at an inflation pressure of 28 psi was reported to be 21% lower than that at an inflation pressure of 30 psi. There was an inverse correlation between tire temperature and tire inflation pressure (P value<0.001). The average tire temperature increased with reducing tire inflation pressure. However, no significant difference was found between the mean tire temperatures at tire inflation pressures of 28 psi and 30 psi (P value<0.05). In general, there were significant differences between tire temperatures at tire pressures below 28 psi compared with those at pressures above 28 psi, and higher tire temperatures were reported at pressures below 28 psi. The study results showed that the exposure of Peugeot 405 taxi drivers to WBV exceeds the permissible limits and it can be reduced below the permissible limits by providing a tire inflation pressure of 28 psi. A tire inflation pressure of 28 psi is recommended to replace the pressure recommended by car makers (30 psi).

Gap analysis and determination of the necessary improvements in the production of the world-class system (Case Study: Iran Khodro Raje)

This article aims to investigate and identify gaps in the manufacturing system of world-class (WCM), In the auto industry and to establish the necessary adjustments to the systems in the organization using the critical performance analysis (IPA). This study presents a blend of the theoretical and practical framework as stated in the literature study and integrates the experts' viewpoints. The critical characteristics of Iran Khodro Company's world-class production system were defined. Then the essential elements for improving the company's world-class production system were defined and addressed utilizing critical performance analysis (IPA). Performance Analysis was used to acquire the gap analysis findings and identify areas for improvement (Importance performance analysis). Using this model system in world-class manufacturing in the Iran Khodro Company, assist the supreme managers and supervisors in identifying areas in the company that require improvement, and after implementing improvement measures in these areas, ensure the success of this system's establishment and ability to make the best decisions in the area of world-class production. Without a doubt, this article will be one of the most effective techniques for determining and analyzing organizational improvements and the development and implementation of WCM. For the experts, there will be a plethora of options

Predicting job burnout based on organizational culture and employee motivation

Background and purpose: Job burnout is the response of people to stressful factors in the work environment, which causes changes in their attitude and behavior towards work and work environment, and organizational factors such as organizational culture and job motivation affect it. The current research was conducted with the aim of predicting job burnout based on the organizational culture and motivation of Iran Khodro Diesel employees. Methodology: The descriptive study method is correlation. Among the statistical population that were employees of Iran Khodro Diesel; A sample equal to 357 people was selected randomly. The data of the research was collected by using Moslesh job burnout questionnaires, Hofstede's organizational culture and Habibi's job motivation questionnaires. For data analysis, SPSS-19 software and statistical tests of correlation coefficient and linear and multivariate regression were used. Findings: The results of the research showed that organizational culture and job motivation components can predict and explain job burnout. Also, organizational culture can predict job motivation. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, it appears that cooperative organizational culture creates the highest amount of job motivation and the least amount of job burnout.

Studying the Impact of Marketing Mix on the Customers’ Satisfaction of Tabriz Iran Khodro Company

the aim of present research study, is to investigate impact of marketing mix on the customers’ satisfaction. Present research is among applied researches and its method is descriptive and among descriptive researches, it is of correlation type. Using Alpha Cronbach test, reliability of the questioner was obtained 93% for Tabriz Iran Khodro Company. According to the Kolmogrov -Smirnoff test results, all variables enjoy normal place . According to Pearson Correlation test results, there is a positive and significant relationship among customer’s satisfaction and place, promotion, product and price elements. According to multiple regression test results, direct effect of place factor is 82%, promotion element 77%, product element 68% and direct effect of price element is 55% in prediction of the customer’s satisfaction. From among indexes of place element, spatial place of the representatives, from among indexes of promotion element, having towing and roadside assistance, from among indexes of the product element, warranty period and from among indexes of price element special sales for different occasions played the key role in the customers’ satisfaction.

Identify, Rank, analyze and implement green supply chain management approach to change (Case Study: Iran Khodro Automotive Group)

Objective: The population of this research managers and experts are active in Iran's automotive vehicle at the time of the study were 230 patients. Experts confirmed the content validity of the questionnaire academia and industry, to get the reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient has been obtained Cronbach's alpha reliability 86/0. Methodology: The method of analysis in this study will change the strategic management of knowledge in supply chain management by using models and methods such as SWOT green and fuzzy TOPSIS method, as a useful way to resolve conflicts and guiding managers to find the best way, we find. In fact, the traditional strategy of today's supply chain environment characterized by increased economic pressure and environmental responsibility on behalf of shareholders, not to work properly. Results: The aim of this study is the proper approach in order to intensify or modify a green supply chain strategy, supply chain strategies based on environmental, economic and social. Conclusion: After data analysis using descriptive statistics were the best strategy for the company's strategy ST (Aggressive) that prudent growth strategies or development with the participation of Iranian director Khodro discretionary and selective suggested.

The Spillover Effects of Default Risk between Holding Companies and Their Subsidiaries (Case Study: Iran Khodro Investment Development Co.)

بررسی سرایت‌پذیری ریسک نکول در میان نهادهای مالی و ارتباط آنها با یکدیگر،‌ از اهمیت زیادی در انتخاب سبد سهام، مدیریت ریسک و رتبه اعتباری نهادها برخوردار است.‌ هدف این پژوهش، بررسی اثر سرایت­پذیری احتمال نکول بین شرکت­های هلدینگ و شرکت‌های فرعی آنها در بازار سرمایه کشور می‌باشد. برای این منظور در مرحله اول، احتمال نکول با استفاده از مدل قیمت‌گذاری اختیار معامله بلک-شولز-مرتون (BSM) برای هلدینگ گسترش سرمایه­گذاری ایران خودرو و سه شرکت فرعی آن محاسبه و سپس سرایت‌پذیری احتمال نکول با استفاده از مدل­های گارچ چندمتغیره (مدل BEKK) به صورت روزانه برای دوره زمانی 1390 الی 1397 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که سرایت‌پذیری ریسک نکول از شرکت هلدینگ به شرکت‌های فرعی آن و همچنین از شرکت‌های فرعی به شرکت هلدینگ وجود دارد.

A new fuzzy BWM approach for evaluating and selecting a sustainable supplier in supply chain management

ABSTRACT Sustainability has become one of the most important issues in the field of supply chain management (SCM). In recent years, many studies have been conducted about how to select a sustainable supplier and different methods have been proposed for this purpose in fuzzy and deterministic environments. A review of the research literature reveals that decision-makers have paid more attention to the results of fuzzy-based studies because they are more accurate and precise in collecting data. The purpose of this paper is to present a new model with a triangular fuzzy approach for sustainable supplier selection (SSS) in the supply chain. The proposed fuzzy model is based on the best-worst method (BWM) and α-cut analysis in which the decision-maker (DM) can determine the alpha value between 0.1 and 0.9, depending on the level of uncertainty. A high value of alpha indicates low uncertainty and its low value indicates a high uncertainty in decision-making. To illustrate the model and demonstrate its capability, a real SSS case in Iran Khodro Company (IKCO), was examined by three experts in the automotive industry and the decision criteria were selected based on the literature review and expert opinions. The results show that the first supplier (ISACO Parts Supply Company) is the most sustainable supplier.

Preparation of cross-linked magnetic chitosan with methionine-glutaraldehyde for removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions

ABSTRACTA new nanobiosorbent based on cross-linked chitosan magnetic beads modified with methionine-glutaraldehyde schiff’s base (MG-Chi/Fe3O4) was synthesised for removing Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II) from wastewater samples. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) have been applied to characterise nanobiosorbent. A variety of parameters influencing uptake behaviours of the metal ions, including pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, initial concentration of the metal ions and desorption conditions were examined and optimised. The pH ZPC of MG-Chi/Fe3O4 was found to be 4.0. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models were applied to estimate adsorption mode. The equilibrium data were well fitted with the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacities for Cu(II), Pb(II), and Cd(II) were 172.4, 175.4 and 163.9 mg g−1, respectively. The adsorption kinetics fitted better with the pseudo-second-order model indicating that chemical adsorption is the rate-limiting step in the adsorption process. The adsorbent (MG-Chi/Fe3O4 nanobiosorbent) performance is maintained for at least 4 adsorption-desorption cycles. Finally, MG-Chi/Fe3O4 nanobiosorbent exhibited high potential to remove the metal ions from Iran Khodro’s wastewater.

Dynamic pricing in a semi-centralized dual-channel supply chain with a reference price dependent demand and production cost disruption: the case of Iran Khodro Company

During the years of imposed sanctions against Iran, Iran Khodro Company (IKCO) got into a hazardous situation due to CKD parts’ purchasing cost increment and emersion of new product variants in the competitive market. To examine such situation, this study examines a multi-period semi-centralized dual-channel supply chain where a common retailer (free market) and two manufacturers’ (IKCO and Saipa as a major competitor) direct channels are confronted with reference price dependent and stochastic demand. The problem is analyzed under Stackelberg and cooperative games scenarios using heuristic algorithm and a League Championship algorithm respectively, as solution methods. Results obtained from solving the problem with IKCO data proves higher profitability of the cooperative game and its remarkable resilience for all products’ memory types i.e. short/long term memory against production cost disruption which is imposed to IKCO in some periods. Besides calculating Saipa’s optimal wholesale price in the disruption periods, our approach with support of experimental analyses is able to assign a supply chain’s degree of resilience against disruptions to its product’s memory type and also power structure.