Iodine Test Research Articles

In vivo imaging of patients with chronic pruritus of unknown origin reveals partial sweat duct obstruction with partial itch resolution upon retinoid treatment.

Chronic pruritus of unknown origin (CPUO) is poorly understood and lacks effective treatment options. We aimed to elucidate abnormalities in the sweat apparatus of patients with CPUO, and to assess efficacy and safety of treatment with systemic retinoids. An initial case-control study included 20 affected patients and five healthy controls, for whom heat and sweating were induced, either through a standardized exercise protocol or ingestion of hot water. In vivo high-definition optical coherence tomography, whole-body starch-iodine testing, and skin biopsy for immunofluorescence staining were done to evaluate for sweat duct obstruction. A subsequent retrospective cohort analysis included 56 patients with CPUO, seen at an Itch subspecialty clinic of a single tertiary referral centre, who failed conventional treatments and were treated with isotretinoin and/or acitretin from May 2014 to November 2020. Treatment response to retinoids was defined as a sustained reduction in itch score of ≥2/10. Safety was assessed by proportion stopping treatment due to side effects. In vivo imaging in 19 (95%) patients revealed features of partial keratinaceous sweat duct obstruction with statistically significant luminal dilatation compared to controls. Immunofluorescence studies of three patients' paired lesional/non-lesional biopsies revealed dermcidin accumulation within sweat glands coupled with dermcidin leakage in itchy skin. Fifty-six patients (mean [SD] age 55.2 [17.5] years, 69.6% male) were treated with systemic retinoids. Mean (SD) duration of itch was 116.3 (140.4) months and mean (SD) itch score was 8.2 (1.8). Forty-one (73.2%) initially received isotretinoin, and 15 (26.8%) acitretin. At three months, mean itch score reduced by 2.38 (95% CI -3.2 to -1.6, p < 0.0001). Thirty-eight (67.9%) had a sustained response. Eight (14.81%) achieved an itch score of 0 or 1, with four stopping treatment for a mean (SD) of 318.5 (291.2) days without relapse. Eight (14.3%) stopped or switched retinoid due to adverse effects, with similar incidences between both retinoids, the commonest being dryness. Based on novel findings from physiological imaging studies identifying partial keratinaceous sweat duct obstruction in CPUO, we instituted systemic retinoid treatment to address the underlying pathology. In patients who failed conventional therapies, the treatment appears effective and safe.

Point-of-Care Platform Based on Solid-Phase Fluorescence Filter Effect for Urinary Iodine Testing in Children and Pregnant Women.

Iodine is an essential element that is used to make thyroid hormones. However, people usually ignore their iodine nutrition level, thus leading to a series of thyroid diseases, particularly in areas where medical resources are scarce. Thus, development of a portable, economical, and simple method for the detection of urinary iodine is of significant importance. Herein, a solid-phase fluorescence filter effect (SPFFE) induced by iodine was used to develop an SPFFE-based point-of-care testing (POCT) platform for the detection of urinary iodine by coupling with headspace sample introduction. This method can not only alleviate the matrix interference that occurred in the conventional inner filter effect (IFE) but also achieve high sensitivity. Furthermore, the urinary iodine (UI) POCT platform was developed through the integration of a sample pretreatment and fluorescence readout. This whole system costs less than US $20 and provides accurate temperature control and a portable fluorescence reading within 15-20 min. Compared to the traditional IFE-based assay, the SPFFE-based POCT platform allows the selective detection of iodine as low as 10 nM and has a linear range of 0.05-4 μM. In addition, it provides notable visualization from blue-violet to orange-red in the presence of iodine, which tends to indicate the iodine nutritional status of the human body. Eventually, the clinical applicability and feasibility of the UIPOCT platform as an early diagnostic test kit were confirmed by determining the iodine in urine samples from children and pregnant women.

Test Carbohydrate and Protein Content in Commercial Condensed Milk (SKM) Qualitative and Quantitative

Sweetened condensed milk (SKM) is a milk product obtained by evaporating some of the water from pure milk with the addition of sugar. SKM is not a sterile product, but its preservation depends on the sugar content; (1) Background: Qualitative and quantitative tests of carbohydrates and proteins were carried out to determine the presence of carbohydrates and proteins in SKM. The qualitative test is based on a change in color or precipitate formed, while the quantitative test is to determine carbohydrate and protein levels; (2) Method: Qualitative and quantitative test of carbohydrates with the DNS method. Qualitative and quantitative test of protein with the Lowry method; (3) Results: Qualitative analysis of carbohydrates Molisch test on SKM "A", "B", "C", "D", "F" is positive, while SKM "E" is negative. The Osazon test on SKM "A", "B", "C", "D", "F" is positive and SKM "E" is negative. Iodine test, Benedict's test, Barfoed's test, Seliwanoff's test showed positive. Quantitative test for carbohydrates, sample concentration SKM "A" 0.228mg/mL the lowest value and SKM "F" 1.544mg/mL the highest value. Biuret test protein qualitative analysis on SKM "A", "B", "C" is positive while SKM "D", "E", "F" is negative. The Ninhydrin test on SKM "D", "F" is positive while SKM "A", "B", "C", "E" is negative. Sulfur test on SKM "A", "B" is positive while SKM "C", "D", "E", "F" is negative. Xantoprotein test on SKM "A", "C", "D", "E", "F" was positive while SKM "B" was negative. The Neuman test on SKM "D", "E", "F" is positive while SKM "A", "B", "C" is negative. Quantitative protein test for SKM“B” concentration was 10.77mg/mL, the lowest value, and the SKM “D” sample was 90.11mg/mL, the highest value; and (4) Conclusion: The qualitative analysis of carbohydrates SKM "A", "B", "C", "D", "F" showed positive and the quantitative test of SKM "F" contained high carbohydrates. Whereas SKM "A", "D", "F" showed positive protein and the SKM "D" quantitative test contained high protein.

The application of microwaves in axillary hyperhidrosis: Curative effect observation of a pathological examination over 1 year.

In Asia, axillary hyperhidrosis is a frequent problem for many people, and the consequent excessive sweating can seriously affect many aspects of daily life and even lead to mental disorders. Microwave therapy is a new, non-invasive treatment method for axillary hyperhidrosis, whose energy and long-term effectiveness still needs to be clinically validated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy, safety, histological changes, and psychological status of microwave devices in the treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis and osmidrosis. We conducted a prospective self-controlled study in a top-tier Chinese hospital. After a 5/5 energy treatment session, a skin biopsy was taken to observe histological changes both before and after treatment. An iodine starch test was used to determine the sweating range. We evaluated symptoms of improved efficacy using the Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS) and assessed changes in life status with the DLQI. In the case of concurrent underarm odor, odor-5, VAS, and Young-Jin Park grading were used to assess odor relief. The effect of odor on psychology was assessed by using a psychological status symptom checklist (scl-90). The study period was 1 year. We observed 20 patients in this study. Of those, 90% met the primary treatment endpoint of a decrease in axillary hyperhidrosis symptomatology to below grade 2 on the HDSS score (p < 0.001). Furthermore, 75% of patients achieved a treatment endpoint of at least 50% reduction in VAS (p < 0.001). 70% of patients achieved a treatment endpoint of at least 50% reduction in odor-5 (p < 0.001). The iodine starch test showed that the region decreased 99% from the baseline to 12 months after follow-up had ended (p < 0.001). Eight patients volunteered to undergo histological examination; their average light density of immunohistochemistry decreased from 1.04 (0.4-2.11) to 0.07 (0.04-0.46; p < 0.05). The immunohistochemical positive number for sweat glands was initially 104 (59.75-132.5) but was 41.5 (29.75-62) after the procedure. None of the patients experienced any serious adverse reactions. The treatment demonstrated high effectiveness, safety, and short-lived adverse reactions.

Effect of Cassava Fermentation on Reducing Sugar and Sucrose Levels: A Preliminary Study of Healthy Snack Development

One of the causes of obesity in Indonesia is poor consumption patterns, especially those high in sugars such as reducing sugar and sucrose. Indonesia's food diversity has the potential to be developed as a solution to obesity problems. The fermentation process is able to change the nutritional value composition, especially in reducing sugar and sucrose as healthy food. This research functioned as a preliminary study in the development of healthy snacks, especially for obesity, in terms of the presence and amount of reducing sugars and sucrose in cassava tape, gathot, and growol. This was carried out in two stages. The first stage was a qualitative analysis to examine the presence of carbohydrates through the Molisch test, Benedict's test, and Iodine test. Reducing sugar and sucrose levels were determined through quantitative testing using Nelson Somogyi with three replications for each sample. The research was conducted for seven months (January-July 2019) located at Universitas Respati Yogyakarta and Chem-mix Pratama Laboratory. Differences in reducing sugar and sucrose levels were tested with One Way ANOVA and continued with the Tukey test. Cassava, cassava tape, gathot, and growol contain monosaccharides and polysaccharides. Growol's reducing sugar content was only 0.32% (the lowest compared to other products, p&lt;0.001) in line with the qualitative test results on Benedict's test. Sucrose levels from lowest to highest were gathot (0.78%), cassava tape (1.47%), growol (2.36%), and cassava (4.77%) (p&lt;0.001). Growol has the potential to be developed as a healthy snack for obesity in terms of reducing sugar and sucrose levels.

Topical Oxybutynin 3% Gel Versus Aluminum Chloride 15% Lotion in Treatment of Primary Focal Hyperhidrosis.

Hyperhidrosis is excessive sweating beyond thermoregulatory needs. It is a potentially disabling condition with challenging management. Aluminum chloride is the established topical treatment; however, response remains unsatisfactory. Oxybutynin is an anticholinergic drug that stands as a therapeutic chance for hyperhidrosis. comparing the efficacy of topical oxybutynin 3% gel versus aluminum chloride 15% lotion in treatment of primary focal hyperhidrosis. Forty patients with hyperhidrosis were randomly distributed into 2 equal groups treated by either topical oxybutynin 3% gel or topical aluminum chloride 15% lotion once daily night application for 4 weeks (both groups). Evaluation was done at 2 and 4 weeks of treatment and after 1 month of the end of treatment for follow up by Minor iodine starch test, hyperhidrosis disease severity scale (HDSS) and dermatology life quality index (DLQI). Both treatment modalities were effective with insignificant differences between patients of both groups regarding improvement in Minor iodine starch test and HDSS after 2 weeks of treatment (P = 0.561, 0.33 respectively). Oxybutynin 3% gel yielded significantly better improvement of Minor's test, HDSS and patient's quality of life at the end of 4 weeks of treatment with lower recurrence rate than aluminum chloride 15% lotion at 1 month follow up. Minimal adverse effects were noted in both studied groups. Oxybutynin 3% gel could be considered as a promising treatment modality for hyperhidrosis with higher efficacy than aluminum chloride 15% lotion and lower recurrence rate.

Quantitative DECT of Iodine in Chronic Subdural Hematoma as Surrogate of Membrane Exudation: A Pilot Feasibility Study.

We explore the feasibility to estimate the exudation from chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) membranes, by using dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) quantification of iodine leak and test if the derived quantitative variables and membrane morphology correlates with hematoma volume, internal architecture (homogeneous, laminar, separated, and trabecular types), and fractional hyperdense hematoma at presentation. In this retrospective study, consecutive CSDH patients with postcontrast DECT head images from January 2020 and June 2021 were analyzed. Predictor variables derived from DECT were correlated with outcome variables followed by mixed-effects regression analysis. The study included 36 patients with 50 observations (mean age, 72.6 years; standard deviation, 11.6 years); 31 were men. Dual-energy CT variables that correlated with hematoma volume were external membrane volume (ρ, 0.37; P = 0.008) and iodine concentration (ρ, -0.29; P = 0.04). Variables that correlated with separated type of hematoma were total iodine leak (median [Q 1 , Q 3 ], 68.3 mg [48.5, 88.9] vs 38.8 mg [15.5, 62.9]; P = 0.001) and iodine leak per unit membrane volume (median [Q 1 , Q 3 ], 16.47 mg/mL [10.19, 20.65] vs 8.68 mg/mL [5.72, 11.41]; P = 0.002). Membrane grade was the only variable that correlated with fractional hyperdense hematoma (ρ, 0.28; P = 0.05). Regression analysis showed total iodine leak as the strongest predictor of separated type hematoma (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 1.06 per mg [1.01, 1.1]). Dual-energy CT demonstrates iodine leak from CSDH membranes. The variables derived from DECT correlated with hematoma volume, internal architecture, and fractional hyperdense hematoma.

Effect of cassava fermentation on reducing sugar and sucrose levels: a preliminary study of healthy snack development

One of the causes of obesity in Indonesia is poor consumption patterns, especially those high in sugars such as reducing sugar and sucrose. Indonesia's food diversity has the potential to be developed as a solution to obesity problems. The fermentation process is able to change the nutritional value composition, especially in reducing sugar and sucrose as healthy food. This research functioned as a preliminary study in the development of healthy snacks, especially for obesity, in terms of the presence and amount of reducing sugars and sucrose in cassava tape, gathot, and growol. This was carried out in two stages. The first stage was a qualitative analysis to examine the presence of carbohydrates through the Molisch test, Benedict's test, and Iodine test. Reducing sugar and sucrose levels were determined through quantitative testing using Nelson Somogyi with three replications for each sample. The research was conducted for seven months (January-July 2019) located at Universitas Respati Yogyakarta and Chem-mix Pratama Laboratory. Differences in reducing sugar and sucrose levels were tested with One Way ANOVA and continued with the Tukey test. Cassava, cassava tape, gathot, and growol contain monosaccharides and polysaccharides. Growol's reducing sugar content was only 0.32% (the lowest compared to other products, p&lt;0.001) in line with the qualitative test results on Benedict's test. Sucrose levels from lowest to highest were gathot (0.78%), cassava tape (1.47%), growol (2.36%), and cassava (4.77%) (p&lt;0.001). Growol has the potential to be developed as a healthy snack for obesity in terms of reducing sugar and sucrose levels.

Silver Nanochito Oligomer Hybrid Solution for the Treatment of Citrus Greening Disease (CGD) and Biostimulants in Citrus Horticulture

Citrus greening disease (CGD), or Huanglongbing (HLB), is principal in Citrus farming because of its severe damage, decreased yield, poor quality of fruit, and frequent disappearance before harvest. Present research blended silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) colloid with chitooligomers and monomers (COAMs) to create the composites referred to as a “hybrid solution”. The hybrid solution has been synthesized for antimicrobial effects and plant growth stimulation. The hybrid solution was applied to cure the CGD, which was then tested using the results of the iodine test kit. Study results revealed that the mechanism for antibacterial properties is efficient and leads to cell death by silver ions (positive charge) attached to the cell wall of pathogens (negative charge). COAMs increase AgNPs’ ability to adhere to negatively charged bacterial cytoplasmic membranes and amplify their electrostatic interaction. There are synergistic antibacterial effects of AgNPs–COAMs. The findings reveal a notable increase in the shoot length of leaves which may be the reason for the growth stimulation function of the hybrid solution due to the properties of COAMs as a biostimulant. The hybrid solution-treated trees yielded around 104.50 ± 4.56 kg of fruits by the trunk or foliar application. Citrus fruits did not show the presence of any silver residues, as displayed by the results of the accumulation test. Compared to conventional ampicillin, the hybrid treatment of CGD was significantly more cost-effective, increased productivity, and had minor accumulation. The acquired results may also be applied to further plant disease treatment.

Risk assessment of low cognitive performance among fishermen's children in Malaysia

ObjectivesLow cognitive performance is a major concern among fishermen's children in Malaysia. Thus, this study was aimed at assessing dietary intake, nutritional status, physical activity, and socio-economic status, and their associations with cognitive performance among fishermen's children in Terengganu, Malaysia. We also investigated the risk associated with low cognitive performance. MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 94 children 7–11 years of age in Terengganu. Dietary adequacy was assessed with two 24-h dietary recall surveys. Anthropometric measurements were assessed by calculation of the body mass index (BMI)-for-age Z-score and height-for-age Z-score. In addition, median urinary iodine tests were conducted to determine iodine concentrations. Physical activity was measured with the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C). Raven's coloured progressive matrices were used to determine cognitive performance. Binominal logistic regressions were performed on factors associated with cognitive performance, to identify the risk factors with the strongest association with cognitive performance. ResultsThe children of fishermen had adequate intake of all necessary nutrients except for fat, dietary fibre, thiamine, folate, vitamin C, vitamin E, calcium, zinc, and potassium. Most of the children had normal BMI-for-age [median = −0.86 (2.11)] and height-for-age (mean = −1.01 ± 1.03). However, more than half had iodine deficiency [median = 83.9 (102)]. In addition, 16% had low physical activity levels, and their cognitive performance was classified with a low average score [median = 80.0 (21.0)]. The mother's education level (p = 0.037), children's BMI-for-age (p = 0.012), protein (p = 0.020), and niacin (p = 0.032), exhibited significant relationships with cognitive performance (p < 0.05). Of these variables, BMI-for-age (OR = 0.290, p = 0.036) and fourth quartile protein intake (≥52.69 g) (OR = 7.565, p = 0.015) were significant risk factors for low cognitive performance among fishermen's children in Terengganu. ConclusionA balanced diet and healthy lifestyle are crucial for children's cognitive development. Thus, interventions emphasising the promotion of healthy lifestyles, particularly focusing on BMI-for-age and protein intake, are advised.

To study the anti-microbial effect of groundnut shell extract when applied on cotton fabric

Antimicrobial textile products are becoming increasingly popular as consumers seek fresh-smelling, skin-friendly, and high-performance fabrics. By imbuing the fabric with antimicrobial properties, we can increase the comfort and hygiene factor, making it more pleasant to wear. Odors can be neutralized, and skin problems caused by microbial growth can be reduced, emphasizing the treated product's hygiene. This research looks at extracting an antimicrobial finish from groundnut shells and applying it to cotton fabric. The hydrous (water) and solvent extraction processes were used for the extraction (methanol, ethanol). The Agar Diffusion Plate Method was used to test the antimicrobial efficacy of groundnut shell extract at different concentrations (20%, 40%, and 60%) with ethanol, methanol, and water. 20% methanolic extract for the Escherichia coli, the inhibition zone is greater than at other concentrations. For application, the fabric was desized and an iodine test was performed to check for the presence of starch before the finish was applied using the exhaustion and pad-dry-cure methods. The results show that for Escherichia coli, the fabric treated with groundnut shell extract along with 12% citric acid performed better than the extract alone. Until the fifth wash, the fabric sample treated with extract and 12% citric acid showed a clear zone of inhibition. The clarity decreased after the sixth, seventh, and eighth washes.

Evaluation of lugol’s iodine as a screening tool for identification of dried saliva stains

The evidential value of saliva in stains encountered in crime investigations can be of considerable importance. Whether the stains are a result of expectoration or a consequence of some sexual or violent act resulting in saliva being mixed with other body fluids, the investigating forensic expert is faced with two fundamental problems: localization of stain and visualization of stain. Visualization of saliva is problematic unlike other body fluids like blood which has its own internal marker (i.e., hemoglobin) or semen that can be easily identified by acid phosphatase method.: Evaluate of lugol’s Iodine as an easy, chair side screening tool for identification of saliva from the crime scene. In the present study saliva stains on different fabrics viz. silk, polyester, linen, jute, cotton, georgette, sarton and other items like paper cups, chocolate wrapper aluminium, plastic bags, stainless steel spoon (cutlery) were examined using Lugol’s iodine. Lugol’s Iodine test was found to give Positive results for saliva stains on different fabrics and it was also found that the stains on different fabrics gives positive results for saliva even after washing with water, but none of the fabrics gave positive results for saliva after washing with detergents and alcohol.From the above study it is concluded that Saliva is retained in fabrics even after washing with water. Detergents fades off the color of stain and alcohol darkens the colour of stain from study items.

Diversity of Traditional Fermented Foods: Sucrose and Reducing Sugar Analysis of Various Fermented-Cassava

Cassava and its various fermented products are one of the local foods in Indonesia. The fermentation process can have different effects on food, both in taste and nutritional value. Changes in sucrose and reduced sugar levels during fermentation play a role in determining food effects in various health disorders. This study aims to describe the impact of cassava fermentation on different fermented products (tape, growol, gathot) in terms of sucrose and reducing sugar levels. This observational laboratory research was done through two stages, i.e., qualitative and quantitative analysis. The qualitative analysis examined carbohydrates' presence (monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides) through the Molisch test, Benedict's test, and the Iodine test. Quantitative analysis was carried out to determine sucrose and reducing sugar levels using three replicates with the Nelson-Somogyi test. The research was conducted in January-July 2019 at Universitas Respati Yogyakarta and Chem-mix Pratama Laboratory. The statistical analysis used was One Way Anova at a 5% significance level and continued with the Tukey test. Qualitative tests showed cassava, tape, growol, and gathot contained monosaccharides and polysaccharides. Benedict's test results showed that growol did not have reducing sugars. The quantitative test showed Growol's reducing sugar content was the lowest (0.32%) compared to cassava (0.95%), tape (14.87%), and gathot (11.12%). The highest sucrose content was in cassava (4.77%) followed by growol (2.36%), tape (1.47%), and gathot (0.78%). There were significant differences in sucrose and reducing sugars levels between cassava, tape, growol, and gathot (p&lt;0.001). In conclusion, growol is a fermented food that can be used as a functional food.

Valorization of banana peel into α-amylase using one factor at a time (OFAT) assisted artificial neural network (ANN) and its partial purification, characterization, and kinetics study

In this present study α-amylase producing bacteria were isolated from the soil near North Bengal University canteen on an amylase agar medium. Primary screening of the isolates was done by iodine test, based on the clear zone around the bacterial colonies in the media plates. Seven bacterial isolates were selected and quantitatively screened for amylase production. Among them, strain sps2 showing the highest amylase activity (215 ± 2 IU/ml) was selected for further studies. Isolated strain sps2 was identified both morphologically and biochemically and further confirmed by 16s rRNA sequencing as Streptomyces pratensis sps2 (Gene bank accession No. OP 236721). Optimization of α-amylase produced by the isolate was conducted under submerged fermentation of low-cost carbon source banana peel, using a one factor at a time (OFAT) approach. Maximum amylase activity of 821.33 ± 0.57 IU/ml was recorded after 2 days of fermentation. The artificial neural network (ANN) model was employed using the OFAT data to generate a predictive model for amylase production and the R-value of 0.94496 and the RMSE of 64.82 suggesting that the neural network has the precise capability to generate an optimization environment. Ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis techniques were used to partially purify the α-amylase and then characterized. The enzyme was found to have a molecular mass of 28 kDa (SDS-PAGE and zymogram) with a Km and Vmax of 2 mg/ml and 1000 μmol/min, respectively. The enzyme was found to be thermostable in the temperature range of 4–90 °C and more stable at alkaline pH with optimum pH of 7.

Etude de la qualité d’échantillons de lait en poudre vendus à Dakar (Sénégal) : recherche d’amidon et détermination des teneurs en matières grasses et minéraux

Milk is a precious and highly perishable nutritional food. When processed into powder, it can be preserved for a long time. However, milk powders vary in quality depending on their fat content and the origin of the fat. The aim of this study was to monitor the quality of milk powders marketed in Dakar. After visual inspection of the samples, fat yields were assessed following Soxhlet extraction. Minerals were then quantified using an flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer after oven mineralization, and the presence of starch was determined using the iodine test. The results show that a total of nine samples out of fourteen had fat contents below the label value. The calcium levels found were below the label values; and the iron levels found were approximately double the advertised values. The starch detection test showed that starch was detected only in two out of fourteen samples tested. These results indicates some non-compliances. It is becoming essential for the relevant authorities to step up quality control of these consumer products to ensure that they comply with the standards governing them.

QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE IDENTIFICATION OF CARBOHYDRATES IN COMMERCIAL YOGHURT PRODUCTS

Yogurt is a healthy drink that has thick, acidic properties and a high nutritional content. Yogurt is made by adding bacteria to milk, which naturally contains a type of sugar (carbohydrate) called lactose.Qualitative testing methods for carbohydrates are the Molisch test, the iodine test, the Benedict test, the Barfoed test, the Seliwanoff test, and the osazon test. Meanwhile, in quantitative testing using the DNS method. The results of the Molisch carbohydrate qualitative test revealed that all four samples contained glucose. Polysaccharides were discovered in the six samples during the iodine test. The six samples tested negative for glucose in Benedict's test. One out of every six samples tested positive for monosaccharides in the Barfoed test. Both samples tested positive for fructose in the Seliwanoff test. In the osazone test, all yogurt samples contained glucose. Furthermore, the following results were obtained when determining the reducing sugar content of commercial yogurt samples: E (685 mg/mL); D (568.75 mg/mL); F (501.25 mg/mL); A (373.75 mg/mL); B (310 mg/mL); and C (210 mg/mL).

Isolation of agarose digesting Achromobacter sp. and Brevundimonas diminuta using customized earthworm gut as an enrichment system

Aim: To isolate potential agarose digesting bacteria from gut of Eisenia fetida fed with agar agar as a major feed. Methodology: E. fetida was fed on agar agar for 17 days in a comprehensive vermicompost unit, and gut-washing was collected. A specially designed dilute nutrient medium containing agarose as a solidifying agent was used to grow and isolate agarose digesting bacteria. Agarose digestion was confirmed by iodine test and novel 'micro-tip’ assay. Results: A selected CFU comprising two bacterial species showed depressions on the media, indicative of agarose digestion. Subsequently, cloning based 16S rRNA gene identification revealed the two isolates to be Brevundimonas diminuta and Achromobacter sp. with 99% similarity. These two could not be separated as pure cultures, indicating a likely associative interaction. Interpretation: The present study is the first of its sort to demonstrate a probable associative interaction between Brevundimonas diminuta and Achromobacter sp. in agarose digestion, while using "Customized Earthworm Gut Enrichment System." Key words: Agarose digesters, Earthworm, Enrichment system, Gut microflora

Formulation of Mucoadhesive Tablets with Fully Gelatinized Modified Daluga (Cyrtosperma Merkusii) Matrix Using Simplex Lattice Design Method

starch could used as ingredient fillers, binders and crushers in tablet manufacture. Amylum is also defined as carbohydrates from from plant, as results photosynthesis, which is stored in part certain plant as backup food starch is mixture two type structure different polysaccharides that is contains (17-20) % amylose and (80-83) % amylopectin. Destination study this is for know the formulation of mucoadhesive tablets with fully gelatinized modified daluga (cyrtosperma merkusii) matrix using simplex lattice design method. Quantitative Test Methods that aim for count yield starch and qualitative tests aimed at for knowing content polysaccharides in starch. Iodine test on amylose will show color blue, and on amylopectin. Character test result data physique granules and tablets as well as release ranitidine of tablets analyzed with using the Design-Expert® software, so that obtained the contour plot of each test results. Determination of the optimum formula begins with determine the optimized parameters that is speed flow, tablet hardness, tablet friability, floating time and speed release ranitidine HCl

Formulation of Mucoadhesive Tablets with Fully Gelatinized Modified Daluga (Cyrtosperma Merkusii) Matrix Using Simplex Lattice Design Method

starch could used as ingredient fillers, binders and crushers in tablet manufacture. Amylum is also defined as carbohydrates from from plant, as results photosynthesis, which is stored in part certain plant as backup food starch is mixture two type structure different polysaccharides that is contains (17-20) % amylose and (80-83) % amylopectin. Destination study this is for know the formulation of mucoadhesive tablets with fully gelatinized modified daluga (cyrtosperma merkusii) matrix using simplex lattice design method. Quantitative Test Methods that aim for count yield starch and qualitative tests aimed at for knowing content polysaccharides in starch. Iodine test on amylose will show color blue, and on amylopectin. Character test result data physique granules and tablets as well as release ranitidine of tablets analyzed with using the Design-Expert® software, so that obtained the contour plot of each test results. Determination of the optimum formula begins with determine the optimized parameters that is speed flow, tablet hardness, tablet friability, floating time and speed release ranitidine HCl

Acquired idiopathic generalized anhidrosis diagnosed following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination-A case series.

Chang-Yu Hsieh has no conflict of interest to disclose. Tsen-Fang Tsai has conducted clinical trials or received honoraria for serving as a consultant for Abbvie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Eli-Lilly, Galderma, Janssen-Cilag, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis International AG, Pfizer Inc. and UCB Pharma. Figure S1. Starch–iodine test confirmed the diagnosis of acquired idiopathic generalized anhidrosis in all patients. Figure S2. Sweating function recovery was confirmed by starch–iodine test after pulsed corticosteroid therapy. Figure S3. Despite the decrease in total patient number during COVID-19 pandemic in our clinic, an increase in AIGA cases was observed after the universalization of COVID-19 vaccines. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.