Iodine Alcohol Research Articles

Diffusional control in the intergranular corrosion of some hcp metals in iodine alcoholic solutions

Some hexagonal closed-packed metals (titanium, zirconium and one of its alloys, Zircaloy-4) were found to undergo intergranular attack in solutions of iodine in different alcohols at room temperature. It was determined that the rate-controlling step of the intergranular corrosion was the diffusion of iodine-alcoholic complexes to the front of the attack. The diffusion coefficients of the different iodine–alcohol complexes in the respective solutions of iodine in alcohol were measured. These measurements agree with the calculated values of the diffusion coefficients obtained by means of the Einstein–Stokes equation where molecular modelling was used to estimate the size of the species involved. In addition, the value obtained in iodine–methanol solution is in agreement with that found in literature measured by means of a rotating disk electrode.

A simple, yet accurate method for detecting and quantifying secretions from human minor salivary glands using the iodine–starch reaction

The lack of published information about the minor salivary glands is due in part to the difficulties experienced in collecting and quantifying their secretions. In fact, no method exists for measuring their secretions that is both simple and accurate. This investigation examined the accuracy of our newly developed method (which simply employs the iodine–starch reaction) in 10 healthy non-medicated adults. A strip painted with a solution of iodine in absolute alcohol then with a fine starch powder mixed with castor oil was placed at a designated location on the lower-lip mucosa for 2 min to collect saliva. Black-stained spots of various sizes corresponding to the individual glands could be accurately visualized. After removal of the strip, the total stained area (mm 2) was calculated by digitizing the spot areas using a computer system. The correlation coefficient ( r) between known volumes of saliva and stain size was 0.995, indicating a close correlation. The correlation coefficient ( r) between area values obtained in the first trial in each subject ( Y) and the second ( X; 10 min later) was 0.963, and the simple regression equation was close to Y= X, indicating good reproducibility. The mean flow rate (μl/cm 2 per min) obtained by converting mean total area to volume and thence to flow rate was 0.49±0.26, in good agreement with published values obtained by others. These results suggest that our newly developed method allows both the distribution and secretion rate of the minor salivary glands to be observed, and that it should be of practical value due to its simplicity, accuracy, and reproducibility.

Effectiveness of different chemical agents in rapid decontamination of gutta-percha cones

The effectiveness of seven disinfectant compounds used in dentistry for a rapid decontamination of 32 gutta-percha cones adhered with Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli strains or Bacillus subtilis spores was compared. Cones were treated with 2% glutaraldehyde, 1% sodium hypochlorite, 70% ethyl alcohol, 1% and 0.3% iodine alcohol, 2% chlorhexidine, 6% hydrogen peroxide, and 10% polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine, for 1, 5, 10, and 15 minutes. After treatment, each cone was transferred to thioglycollate broth and incubated at 37oC for 7 days. The products were bactericidal after 1 to 5 minutes and, with exception of ethyl alcohol and iodine-alcohol, sporicidal after 1 to 15 minutes of exposure. Results suggest that chlorhexidine, sodium hypochlorite, polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine, hydrogen peroxide, and glutaraldehyde were the most effective products in the decontamination of gutta-percha cones.

Cutaneous hyalohyphomycosis caused by Fusarium solani in a loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta L.).

Fusarium solani was reported as the agent of a cutaneous infection in an injured sea turtle collected in the Mediterranean Sea. The turtle was treated with both a topical 10% solution of iodine in alcohol and ketoconazole. The source of the causal agent was traced to the sand in the tank in which the turtle was maintained. The strain was only sensitive in vitro to amphotericin B and was resistant to 5-fluorocytosine, fluconazole, itraconazole, and ketoconazole.

A randomized trial of alcohol 70% versus alcoholic iodine 2% in skin disinfection before insertion of peripheral infusion catheters

Skin disinfection before insertion of peripheral infusion catheters is standard practice, but a comparison in effectiveness of the two most widely used disinfectants is lacking. We compared alcohol 70% and alcoholic iodine 2% in a prospective randomized trial. Data from 109 patients on a pulmonary ward were analysed. Phlebitis occurred six times in the alcohol group and 12 times in the iodine group. This relative risk reduction of 53% failed to reach significance ( P = 0·18). The power of the study, however, was only 0·55, meaning a 45% chance of missing a true difference. As countless catheters are inserted each year, a small difference in phlebitis rate could save discomfort to many patients. Thus, a larger trial seems warranted. The addition of theophylline to the prednisone infusion resulted in a significantly higher phlebitis rate: 27·3 versus 9·2% ( P = 0·03).

ChemInform Abstract: Metallic Samarium and Iodine in Alcohol. Deacylation and Dealkyloxycarbonylation of Protected Alcohols and Lactams.

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Metallic Samarium and Iodine in Alcohol. Deacylation and Dealkyloxycarbonylation of Protected Alcohols and Lactams

Metallic Samarium and Iodine in Alcohol. Deacylation and Dealkyloxycarbonylation of Protected Alcohols and Lactams

ChemInform Abstract: Metallic Samarium and Iodine in Alcohol. Selective 1,4‐Reduction of . alpha.,β‐Unsaturated Carboxylic Acid Derivatives.

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Metallic Samarium and Iodine in Alcohol. Selective 1,4-Reduction of α,β-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Olefinic double bond of various α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid derivatives (ester, amide, nitrile, carboxylic acid) is reduced with metallic samarium and iodine to the corresponding saturated products in high yields in alcohol at room temperature under argon.

ENDOSURGICAL TREATMENT FOR SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX

When spontaneous pneumothorax is recurrent or persistent, an open pleurodesis with excision or ligation of the bullae is the procedure of choice but can lead to significant morbidity. Thorascopic surgery for the management of spontaneous pneumothorax was first introduced in 1937 but this has become a useful technique only since the introduction of video-controlled thorascopic surgery and the availability of suitable endothoracic instrumentation. A review was made of nine patients having endosurgery for recurrent (six) or persistent (three) pneumothorax. At surgery the bullae were ligated with an endoloop (four) or excluded with an endostapler (five). Pleurodesis was obtained by a combination of strip pleurectomy, diathermy and installation of an alcohol iodine solution. The early results are similar to those following an open operation with considerably reduced hospital stay and morbidity.

A novel route to 2-deoxy-2-iodo- d-mannopyranose derivatives

1,5-Anhydro-2-deoxy-D-hex-1-enitols are versatile synthons’*2. Various functional groups, such as chloro3, fluoro4-7, bromo8, or iodo’-I’, may be introduced at position 2 by either direct or indirect addition of suitable agents across the double bond. Iodination of o-glucal triacetate, using iodine and silver benzoate in dry benzene9*10, iodine and silver acetate in methanol’, N-iodosuccinimide in dry methanol’*, or iodonium bis(2,4,6-trimethylpyridine)perchlorate12, have been described, corresponding to the formal addition of alkyl or acyl hypoiodite across the double bond. However, the formation of free 2-deoxy-2-iodo sugars has not been described hitherto. We now report a formal electrophilic addition of “hypoiodous acid” to 3,4,6-tri0-acetyl-o-glucal’3 (1) and 3,4-di-0-acetyl-6-0-tosyl-D-glucal’4 (2). Depending on the buffer system used and the pH, a mixture of the 2-deoxy-2-iodo esters 3 of 5 together with the corresponding 2-deoxy-2-iodo sugars 4 or 6, or only 4 or 6, were obtained. The compounds obtained could be used for the preparation of 2-deoxy sugars or Brigl’s anhydrides. Thus, treatment of 1 or 2 with iodine in tert-butyl alcohol in the presence of acetate buffer (pH 5, room temperature, 3 h) gave a mixture of the 2-deoxy-2iodo-manno-esters 3 or 5 together with the corresponding Zdeoxy-Ziodo-a-o-mannopyranose derivatives 4 or 6, in the ratio 3 : 1. However, when this reaction was carried out in the presence of a phosphate or carbonate buffer (pH 6-7, room temperature, 3 h), the 2-deoq&iodo-a-D-mannopyranose derivatives 4 or 6 were the only isolable products (50-60%). The structures of 3-6 were confirmed by the NMR data (Table I> and [cu], values. The above procedure for the preparation of the 2-deoxy-2-iodo-cu-D-manno-

Continuously Variable, Remote Color Temperature Adjustments for Metal-Halide Lamps in Cinematographic Applications

One approach to achieving rapid and easy manipulation of color temperature has been investigated, the Liquid Dynamic Color Filter (LDCF). A thin layer of liquid — a pure iodine and ethyl alcohol solution — is continuously circulated, allowing the concentration of the solution to be changed and introduced to the filter layer. A spectrometer and color temperature meter are used to investigate the effect of the solution's concentration on a typical HMI lamp's color temperature. It was found that the color temperature of the filtered HMI lamp was a well-behaved, smooth function of the concentration. Color temperatures in the 5600° K to 3000° K range have been obtained. Spectrometer tests show that the iodine and ethyl alcohol solution does not introduce spectral discontinuities. However, the solution has shortcomings as an LDCF filtering solution. This is evident when the color correction and light balance ratios are investigated. Future work on improvements to the filter solution is planned.

Effect of tissue-processing techniques on the sensitivity of microfluorimetric determinations of tracers in tissue sections

The measurement of low concentrations of fluorescent tracers in sections of tissue is theoretically possible using several microfluorimetric techniques but the sensitivity attainable can be greatly decreased if high levels of autofluorescence are emitted by tissue components. The effects of tissue-processing techniques on autofluorescence and tracer fluorescence intensities were investigated. Autofluorescence in sections of rabbit carotid artery and fluorescence from lissamine rhodamine B-labelled albumin in a model system were measured by densitometry. Autofluorescence intensities appeared to be related to the degree of cross-linking resulting from fixation of the tissue. Tissue fixed with formaldehyde or mercury (II) chloride had the lowest emission. Fluorescence from the labelled albumin was not quenched by prolonged fixation with mercury (II) chloride and formaldehyde but extracting the “mercury pigment” from sections with alcoholic iodine resulted in a 34% decrease in intensity.

Potentiometric determination of titanium(III), tin(II), and some hydrazine derivatives

A new potentiometric method had been used for the accurate determination of titanium(III), tin(II), isoniazid, nicotinic acid hydrazide, semicarbazide, 1,5-diphenylcarbazide, and p-hydrazinobenzoic acid by using alcoholic iodine solution as oxidant. A mercury(II) solution was used as titrant for the iodide produced and silver amalgam as the indicator electrode. The potential breaks were sharp and the methods were highly accurate.

Stress corrosion cracking of neutron irradiated zircaloy-4 in iodine alcohol solution

Etude des effets d'un traitement de recuit sur les proprietes en traction dans l'air et en solution CH 3 OH-1% I d'un alliage zircaloy-4 irradie par des neutrons

A Disadvantage of Alcoholic Iodine Solutions for Removal of Mercury Pigment from Tissue Sections

An effort to demonstrate calcium deposits in chondroosseous nodules from xenographs of rabbit growth plate chondrocytes in the nude mouse was hampered after fixation with B-5, a mercuric chloride based fixative. A marked reduction in expected calcium deposition was demonstrated with the Von Kossa technique subsequent to treatment of the 2 μ tissue sections with iodine-sodium thiosulfate method for removal of mercury pigment (dezenkerization). However, sections that were not treated with this technique showed that substantial calcium deposition was indeed present. This unintentional calcium depletion was due to exposure of the sections to the alcoholic iodine solution. (The J Histotechnol 10:253, 1987.)

ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of [1,2,4]Triazolo[1,5‐c]pyrimidine Derivatives.

AbstractDie im Titel genannten Pyrimidine (IV) und (VII) entstehen durch Kondensation der Hydrazone (I) bzw. (V) mit dem Dinitril (II) zu den Verbindungen (III) und (VI) und nachfolgende Oxidation.

Synthesis of (1,2,4)triazolo(1,5-c)pyrimidine derivatives.

Condensation of diaminomethylenehydrazones with ethoxymethylenemalononitrile (2) gave 2, 3-dihydro [1, 2, 4] triazolo [1, 5-c] pyrimidines in moderate to high yields. Of the variously substituted diaminomethylenehydrazones, amino (monosubstituted amino) methylene ones were most reactive in this condensation, regardless of the nature of the 4-substitutent. The reaction was found to be initiated at N-3 by attack on the ethoxymethine carbon of 2, followed by an electrocyclic reaction to form the bicyclic pyrimidine. The 2, 3-dihydro compounds were oxidized with iron (III) chloride in aqueous acetic acid or iodine in ethyl alcohol to give the corresponding [1, 2, 4] triazolo [1, 5-c] pyrimidines.

Determination of hypophosphite and phosphite by their reduction of iodine, iodate, or periodate and mercury(I) titration of iodide

A new potentiometric method is adopted for the accurate determination of hypophosphite and phosphite alone or in their mixtures using alcoholic iodine, iodate, and periodate. Hg(I) was used as titrant for the produced iodide in case of using alcoholic iodine as oxidant or for the excess added iodide in case of iodate and periodate as oxidants using silver amalgam as the indicatior electrode. The potential breaks which average 300 mV per 0.1 ml of titrant were sharp enough for precise determination of endpoints, and hence the high accuracy of the present method.

Use of arsenite reduction in potentiometric methods for arsenic(III) or higher valent lead, manganese, chromium, and vanadium in some industrial products

A simple, rapid, and reliable method is given for determination of As(III) based on arsenite reduction of alcoholic iodine and titration of the equivalent iodide with Hg(II) using silver amalgam as the indicator electrode. Arsenite reduction is applied to the estimation of lead in minium, manganese in duralumin, chromium in zinc chromate, and vanadium and chromium in ilmenite, the excess of arsenite being determined by the same method used for As(III). The endpoints are accurately determined with very satisfactory potential breaks.