Inventario De Research Articles

Monumental Sweet Chestnuts (Castanea sativa Mill.) in Galicia’s Cultural Landscape (NW Spain)

ABSTRACT Soutos – single-species groves of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) trees – are a highly characteristic component of the Galician cultural landscape in northwest Spain, and a clear expression of the interactions between nature and culture that define landscapes. The trees in the soutos have for centuries been subject to cultural practices aimed at increasing the production of fruit, timber, or both at the same time. Other products from the soutos not long ago considered secondary, for example ecosystem services, fungal production or beekeeping, are nowadays becoming steadily more valued by people. Individual trees, many of them catalogued as of outstanding value in the Inventario de Árboles Sobresalientes de Galicia, are often of unusual size and age thanks to the long tradition of pollarding, and they are often important landmarks and cultural icons. This paper based partly on research carried out for the Galician Catalogue of Heritage Trees, and focussing on 180 outstanding specimens of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), summarises the significance and use of the Galician soutos, and the traditional management that has created them. It also identifies the processes which over the past several decades have encouraged a decline in the numbers and preservation of the groves, and proposes good management practice for the future which could help to preserve these distinctive landscape.

Reproducibility and validity of the Functional Communication Classification System for young children with cerebral palsy.

To examine interrater agreement and validity of the Functional Communication Classification System (FCCS) for young children with cerebral palsy (CP) aged 2 or 3 years. Speech-language pathologist (SLP) and parent FCCS ratings for 31 children with CP (aged 2y, n=16; aged 3y, n=15; 18 males, 13 females) were examined for interrater agreement using a weighted Cohen's kappa statistic. Relationships between FCCS (SLP) ratings and: (1) concurrent validity with the Language Use Inventory, a standardized pragmatic assessment for children aged 18 to 47 months, (2) gross motor and fine motor function, (3) associated impairments (visual and intellectual), and (4) primary expressive communication mode were examined using Spearman's correlation coefficients. Almost perfect interrater agreement between SLP and parent FCCS ratings were found (kw =0.94). Correlations with FCCS (SLP) were excellent for pragmatic function (rs =-0.83,p<0.001), intellectual function (rs =0.89, p<0.001), and primary expressive communication mode (rs =0.92,p<0.001). Correlations were good for gross motor function (rs =0.72,p<0.001) and visual impairment (rs =0.70,p<0.001) and fair for fine motor function (rs =0.53,p<0.002). Analysis was unwarranted for epilepsy (n=1 out of 31) and hearing-associated impairments (n=0 out of 31). The FCCS has excellent interrater agreement and validity for communication classification of children with CP aged 2 or 3 years and is highly suitable for surveillance and research purposes. What this paper adds The Functional Communication Classification System (FCCS) is a valid instrument for children with cerebral palsy (CP) aged 2 or 3 years. Excellent agreement exists between speech-language pathologist and parent FCCS ratings. The FCCS has excellent correlation with intelligence, pragmatic function, and primary expressive mode. Stronger correlations with the Gross Motor Function Classification System and vision exist for children aged 2 or 3 years. Weaker correlations with manual ability exist when compared to older children with CP.

Evaluation of Gender Violence in the Military Central Hospital of Mexico

Introduction. Gender violence is a public health problem. The Ministry of National Defense has done strong efforts to educate their personnel about the topic and requires more evaluation of the problem.&#x0D; Objectives. Evaluate the frequency of thoughts that favor the exercise of gender violence, and the experience of people that have suffered it.&#x0D; Material &amp; methods. In the Military Central Hospital, using the SurveyMonkey® platform, staff was evaluated by the digital application of two clinimetrical instruments. The Scale Inventario de Pensamientos Distorsionados Contra la Mujer (Distorted Thoughts Against Women Inventory) was applied to 1,128, and the scale Uso de Violencia revisado y el Tamizaje de violencia de Género (Gender and Use of Violence Screening Revised Scale) was applied to 1,488.&#x0D; Results. The Distorted Thoughts Against Women Inventory results consisted in 84.8% (956) non-violent, and 15.2% (172) possible violent. From the Gender and Use of Violence Screening Revised Test, 98.2% (1,462) are at low risk, 1.3% (20) at moderate risk, and 0.5% (7) at high risk of having suffered or experiencing gender violence.&#x0D; Conclusions. In the Military Central Hospital there is a low percentage of personnel prone to generate or suffer gender violence, nevertheless, it is required to continue educating all the personnel about the importance of preventing and reporting any gender violence behavior.

Examining Holland’s model for Ecuadorian youth. Tool development and psychometric implications for vocational counseling

Holland’s (1997) scale is one of the most frequently used measures of vocational personality. The study describes the multiphase development and cultural validation of a short version of the sixfactor scale on a representative sample of 1735 Ecuadorian undergraduates. The Questionnaire of Vocational Preferences of Youth (Inventario de las Preferencias Profesionales de Jovenes: IPPJ) as the first culturally-rooted tool for Ecuadorian youth corresponds with the circular model by Holland (1997). Factorial analysis (EFA and CFA), validity, follow-up study, and reliability indicators support the factorial equivalence of the new, short version of the IPPJ. Some practical implications are outlined for vocational guidance in Ecuador.

FATORES SOCIODEMOGRÁFICOS E OCUPACIONAIS ASSOCIADOS AOS RECURSOS DE BEM-ESTAR NO PLANEJAMENTO DA APOSENTADORIA

Objetivo: analisar os fatores sociodemográficos e ocupacionais associados à adoção de recursos de bem-estar no planejamento da aposentadoria.Método: pesquisa transversal, exploratória, de abordagem quantitativa, realizada entre maio e novembro de 2018, com dados secundários coletados nas respostas ao Inventário de Recursos para a Aposentadoria (IRA), inserido no web software “Aposentar-se com Saúde”. Utilizou-se o programa Statistical Package for Social Sciences versão 20.0 para análise estatística descritiva e inferencial.Resultados: a adoção dos recursos de bem-estar no planejamento da aposentadoria esteve associada positivamente aos aspectos físico, social, emocional, cognitivo e motivacional e ao global. As variáveis sexo, titulação, religião, renda familiar e estar empregado representaram menor adoção de recursos de bem-estar.Conclusão: os resultados fundamentam o processo de trabalho do enfermeiro, ao contribuir para o direcionamento das ações de promoção à saúde do trabalhador e para a necessidade de planejamento para a adaptação à aposentadoria.

Efecto de la medicina herbolaria en la calidad de vida: inventario de especies etnomedicinales y percepción del poblador de Laredo, Perú

Efecto de la medicina herbolaria en la calidad de vida: inventario de especies etnomedicinales y percepción del poblador de Laredo, Perú

El rechazo escolar y la ansiedad cognitiva

Hay diversos factores que pueden repercutir negativamente en el rendimiento académico, así como en una positiva adaptación social y escolar. Uno de ellos es la ansiedad escolar a nivel cognitivo, conocida como aquellos pensamientos e imágenes de carácter negativo ante situaciones escolares que desencadenan circunstancias de evitación y/o escape del aula o institución escolar. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar las diferencias en rechazo escolar en función de las altas y bajas puntuaciones en ansiedad cognitiva, en una muestra de 1588 adolescentes entre 12 y 18 años de edad, matriculados en cursos de educación secundaria y bachillerato. Para ello, se aplicó la escala cognitiva del Inventario de Ansiedad Escolar para Educación Secundaria (IAES) y la Escala de Evaluación del Rechazo Escolar Revisada (SRASR). Los hallazgos del estudio muestran que los adolescentes con alta ansiedad cognitiva, a diferencia de sus iguales con bajas puntuaciones, puntúan significativamente más elevado en tres de las cuatro dimensiones de la SRAS-R. En conclusión, estos resultados apuntan sobre consecuencias negativas en la adaptación escolar y psicosocial del alumnado, en consonancia con literatura previa, lo que respalda la necesidad de diseñar intervenciones que minimicen la problemática.

Leadership, stress and burnout among basketball referees

The study analyses leadership styles and their influence on burnout and stress among basketball referees, applying a non-probabilistic sampling, convenience sampling, to 61 referees, 85.2% men, 14.8% women. Descriptive analysis, correlations and hierarchical multiple regression models were performed. By applying the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire MLQ-5, Inventario de Burnout en deportistas Revisado IBD-R [Revised Athlete Burnout Inventory], and Escala de Estres en el Ambito Deportivo EEAD [Stress Scale for Sports]. Moderate stress level (26-50) as well as burnout (50-60). Transformational leadership is associated with low levels of stress (p=.003) and high levels of personal accomplishment (p= .026). The developer style, inverse and significant effect (p= .013) with stress. Corrective leadership is associated with low levels of stress (p=.005) and high personal accomplishment (p= .019) and emotional exhaustion (p= .006) of burnout. Passive leadership is associated with high levels of stress (p= .013) and low levels of personal accomplishment (p = .023). As a conclusion, referees mainly apply transformational leadership associated with low levels of stress and high levels of personal accomplishment. They have moderate level of stress and burnout, while there are differences between those at the national level and those at the local-regional level, in addition there are differences regarding the role played, in relation to stress.

Assessment and validation of a Spanish version of the Muscle Dysmorphia Disorder Inventory in Argentinian men who exercise: Inventario de Dismorfia Muscular

Despite an increase in body dissatisfaction and muscularity concerns among Latin American men, there is a paucity of research relating to muscle dysmorphia in this population. In this study we aimed to evaluate, for the first time in Latin America, the factor structure of the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI; Hildebrandt, Langenbucher, & Schlundt, 2004). A sample of 551 men who exercise completed measures of body dissatisfaction, disordered eating, and the MDDI. Exploratory factor analysis in a first split-half sample revealed a 3-factor solution similar to the original version, which was then tested through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in a second split-half sample. A re-specified model (allowing for error correlations between Items 10–13 and 11–13) presented adequate fit. Omega coefficients revealed adequate internal consistency (> .80) for the Drive for Size and Functional Impairment subscales. The internal consistency for the Appearance Intolerance subscale was .74 and .72 across subset samples. Associations with body dissatisfaction, disordered eating, body mass index, and frequency of training and rest days are presented as evidence of construct validity. Finally, multi-group CFA indicated that the model was invariant across type of exercise. Overall, these data suggest that the MDDI is suitable for use in Spanish-speaking Latin American male populations.

Testemunho de um inventário

Em “Inventário de imóveis e jacentes”, inserido na coletânea de contos Nós matámos o Cão-Tinhoso (1964), único livro de Luís Bernardo Honwana, um narrador infantil insone decide inventariar os bens familiares. Mas esse inventário desmascara-se para o leitor atento como um exercício de invenção da realidade e de si mesmo pela criança que mistura realidade e ficção, ou melhor, que movimenta as categorias de real, fictício e imaginário, como propõe Wolfgang Iser. O jogo serve ainda para uma reflexão sobre o testemunho literário quando este conceito designa algo que se produz no próprio tecido da escrita, na forma artística assumida pelas palavras.

Autismo e mães com e sem estresse: análise da sobrecarga materna e do suporte familiar

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar dois grupos de mães de crianças com autismo (com e sem estresse), quanto à: (a) sobrecarga de cuidado; (b) autonomia da criança; e (c) percepção de suporte familiar. Participaram 30 mães de crianças, de três a sete anos de idade, com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Inventário Biosociodemográfico, Inventário de Sintoma de Stress de Lipp, Escala de Sobrecarga de Zarit, Inventário de Avaliação Pediátrica de Incapacidade e Inventário de Percepção de Suporte Familiar. Os resultados revelaram que, mães com estresse tiveram quase o dobro de percepção de sobrecarga, enquanto as sem estresse perceberam maior suporte familiar, principalmente nos aspectos de afetividade e autonomia em relação aos familiares, como expressão e comunicação de afetos e respeito pela sua liberdade e tomadas de decisões. Nesse sentido, os resultados apontaram a importância do suporte familiar na adaptação de mães de crianças com autismo.

Mental Health Inventory - 5 (MHI-5) in peruvian adolescents: preliminary validation study

Given the evidence missing from validity studies that replicate the internal structure of the Mental Health Inventory - 5 (MHI-5) in Peruvian adolescents, this study performs a preliminary evaluation of the psychometric properties of MHI-5, specifically its internal structure. The sample was 75 students of both sexes from a private high school-level educational institution, in the Casma city (Lima, Peru). The analysis was performed by applying a confirmatory factor analysis approach within the modeling of structural equations. A single significant dimension was found to be viable for interpreting the scores, but the fit was substantially improved when a factor was introduced that represented the effect of two item negative phrasing. On the other hand, the internal consistency was greater than .70, and it is considered satisfactory given its brevity. It is concluded that the MHI-5 maintains the essential one-dimensionality, but it is required to introduce the possible effect of the method due to the content of some of its items. Consistency reliability was acceptable for screening purposes. The following steps are discussed to accumulate more validity evidence, suggesting to develop a shorter version without the problematic items, to reduce the potential response bias.

Estrés cotidiano infantil y factores ligados al aprendizaje escolar como predictores del rendimiento académico

Background and objectivesWithin the broad spectrum of variables that influence learning and consequently academic achievement, affective-motivational factors related to daily stress are particularly important. The aim of this study was to analyze associations between daily childhood stress, learning strategies and academic motivation, by analyzing how they differ across 3 achievement groups (low, medium and high), and the predictive-ability of these groupings. MethodNon-experimental methodology in a cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational, inferential and multivariate study. A total of 535 primary school students from Cantabria, Spain, aged 9 to 12 (M=10.72; SD=0.67), participated in the study. They completed the Inventario de Estrés Cotidiano Infantil [Children's Daily Stress Inventory] and the Diagnóstico Integral del Estudio [Comprehensive Diagnosis of Study], and their school grades were recorded for the subjects of Language Arts, English as a Foreign Language, and Mathematics. ResultsThe results showed positive, significant relationships between all the variables pertaining to learning and academic achievement; each of these variables, in turn, had negative, significant relationships with global daily stress (as well as with health, school and family stress). The multivariate discriminant analysis explained the predictive role of complementary strategies, school stress, attitude toward study and self-concept, in different levels of general academic achievement. ConclusionsThere is a need for interventions in self-regulated learning strategies that would serve as a preventive measure, and in development of coping strategies for stressful situations inside and outside the educational context.

Diferenças nas práticas parentais de pais e mães e a percepção dos filhos adolescentes

O estudo objetivou comparar a percepção das práticas parentais de pais e mães com a percepção dos filhos sobre essas práticas. Participaram 154 estudantes do 6º ano, com idades entre 9 a 15 anos (M = 11,5; DP = 0,8), 29 pais e 125 mães. Foi utilizado o Inventário de Estilos Parentais (IEP). Foram encontradas diferenças nas médias das percepções de mães, pais e da percepção dos filhos sobre o estilo parental dos pais e mães. As mães avaliaram seu estilo parental de forma mais positiva, enquanto os pais avaliaram seu estilo de forma mais negativa, em comparação à percepção dos filhos. Os resultados refletem a importância da função parental exercida por mães e pais em famílias majoritariamente não nucleares indicando que as práticas positivas podem desenvolver habilidades sociais que valorizem os vínculos estabelecidos entre pais e filhos e estimulem interações sociais futuras mais relevantes.

Fatigue in young people with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

To describe fatigue in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) from patients' and parents' perspectives and to explore risk factors for fatigue in children and adolescents with DMD. A multicentre, cross-sectional study design was used. Seventy-one patients (all males; median age 12y, age range 5-17y) identified via the Canadian Neuromuscular Disease Registry, and their parents completed questionnaires. Subjective fatigue was assessed using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Multidimensional Fatigue Scale by child self-report and parent proxy-report. Patients with DMD across ages and disease stages experienced greater fatigue compared to typically developing controls from published data. Sleep disturbance symptoms were associated with greater fatigue by child self-report (ρ=-0.42; p=0.003) and parent proxy-report (ρ=-0.51; p<0.001). Depressive symptoms were associated with greater fatigue by child self-report (ρ=-0.46; p<0.001) and parent proxy-report (ρ=-0.45; p<0.001). Lower functional ability was associated with greater fatigue by parent proxy-report (ρ=0.26; p=0.03). Physical activity level, and musculoskeletal, respiratory, and cardiac function were not associated with fatigue. In paediatric DMD, sleep disturbance symptoms and depressive symptoms are potentially modifiable factors associated with fatigue, warranting additional investigation to facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies to reduce fatigue. Fatigue is a major issue in paediatric Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) across ages and disease stages. Sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms are significantly associated with fatigue in paediatric DMD.

Work status and cognitive performance in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis

Fil: Cores, Evangelina Valeria. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Interzonal de Agudos Eva Peron; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas; Argentina

Vitimização por stalking: um estudo sobre a prevalência em estudantes universitários

Resumo O stalking diz respeito a comportamentos de assédio persistentes que se apresentam em formas de comunicação, contato, vigilância e monitorização de um indivíduo. O presente trabalho buscou encontrar dados referentes à vitimização por stalking em 205 estudantes universitários de uma universidade do interior de São Paulo, utilizando o Inventário de Vitimação por Stalking (IVS) desenvolvido em Portugal, partindo da escassez de estudos realizados sobre o tema no Brasil. Os dados coletados por meio do IVS foram analisados pela estatística descritiva, considerando o grupo de participantes em seu total e também divididos de acordo com sexo, idade, estado civil e curso, estabelecidos pelos dados obtidos com o questionário de identificação. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que a maioria dos participantes da pesquisa (50,4%, n=104) já vivenciaram uma experiência de stalking, de acordo com a definição apresentada pelo instrumento utilizado (IVS).

Primer inventario de vertebrados de la reserva natural privada El Morejón, Campana, provincia de Buenos Aires.

El conocimiento de las especies presentes en un área natural protegida brinda información indispensable para valorarla correctamente y planificar su manejo. La reserva natural privada El Morejón se encuentra localizada en el Partido de Campana, provincia de Buenos Aires y protege 340 ha de ambientes naturales y semi-naturales de la ecorregión pampeana. La reserva cuenta con varias lagunas, dos cursos de agua que la atraviesan, pastizales, llanuras de inundación, pajonales y relictos de bosques. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue confeccionar un inventario de la biodiversidad de vertebrados registrados en la reserva a lo largo de ocho años de relevamientos periódicos. Se registraron un total de 243 especies de vertebrados: 61 peces, 150 aves, 11 mamíferos, 10 reptiles y 11 anfibios. Se registraron especies representativas de los ambientes que están protegidos en la reserva y además especies amenazadas como el gavilán planeador (Circus buffoni), el carpincho (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) y la tortuga pintada (Trachemys dorbigni). La biodiversidad registrada a través de los años resultó ser muy superior a la esperada y los relevamientos nos permitieron concluir que estos humedales de origen antrópico pueden albergar numerosas comunidades, siendo áreas de cría, refugio y escala migratoria de fauna. A pesar de la superficie, cercanía a urbanizaciones y las actividades industriales que se desarrollan en el entorno de la reserva es importante el aporte de la conservación voluntaria para su protección, en especial en ecorregiones escasamente representadas en el sistema federal de áreas protegidas.

Prefrontal and temporal cortical thickness in adolescents with traumatic brain injury

To investigate the impact of traumatic injury on the developing prefrontal-temporal adolescent cortex, and correlated brain structural measures with neurocognitive functioning. Nineteen adolescents (12 males, 7 females, age range: 11-17y, mean 15y 8mo, standard deviation 1y 7mo, median 15y 11mo) with traumatic brain injury (TBI) were included. Cortical thickness of frontal and temporal lobes was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging. We correlated cortical thickness of prefrontal-temporal regions with age, time since injury, and neurocognitive functioning, and compared these results with a matched control cohort without TBI. We found thinner prefrontal (p=0.039) and temporal cortices (p=0.002) in adolescents with TBI compared to typically developing children. Furthermore, significant age effect was observed on the prefrontal (r=-0.75, p=0.003) and temporal (r=-0.66, p=0.013) cortical thickness in typically developing adolescents, but not in adolescents with TBI. Executive function (measured using the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function questionnaire, with lower scores meaning higher functioning) was correlated with prefrontal cortical thickness in typically developing adolescents (r=0.72, p=0.009). Opposite trends were found for correlations between cortical thickness and executive function in the TBI and control cohort. Structural maturation in typically developing adolescents correlates with functional development: the older the adolescent, the thinner the prefrontal cortex, the better executive function. In adolescents with TBI we observed an opposite trend, that appeared significantly different from the control group: the thinner the prefrontal and temporal cortex, the worse executive functioning. Cortical thickness is negatively correlated with age in typically developing adolescents. Prefrontal cortex thickness correlates negatively with executive function in typically developing adolescents. Correlations between cortical thickness and executive functioning rise for adolescents without traumatic brain injury (TBI). Correlations between cortical thickness and executive functioning fall for adolescents with TBI. Adolescents with TBI have a long-term impairment of adaptive functioning in daily living.

Estresse em mães de crianças com asma: relato de pesquisa de um programa de redução do estresse

Objetivo: Relatar o impacto de um programa para redução do estresse em mães de crianças com asma atendidas em um ambulatório público de pneumologia do Rio de Janeiro. Metodologia: Estudo prospectivo quase-experimental e longitudinal com abordagem quantitativa, incluindo quatro mães de crianças com asma. O programa teve duração de quatro sessões semanais de 1 hora e 30 minutos cada. Foi utilizado o Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp (ISSL) para avaliação das fases do estresse em três momentos: pré-teste, pós-teste e 8 meses após a finalização do programa. Resultados: Foi observado decréscimo nos níveis de estresse das participantes durante o estudo. Conclusão: A participação das mães no programa pode influenciar positivamente nos níveis de estresse e os resultados observados reforçaram a importância da implementação de programas de intervenção para controle e redução de estresse para essa população.