Introduction Of New Technologies Research Articles

Technological transformation of industry as an economic growth driver: A 2010–2022 period statistical analysis

Subject. This article discusses the impact of technological changes in the industrial complex on economic growth. Objectives. The article aims to explore the main trends and challenges associated with the technological transformation of the industrial complex. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of econometric, statistical, and logical analyses. Results. The article shows that the introduction of new technologies in industry leads to an increase in labor productivity and a decrease in production costs, which contributes to an increase in economic growth. The article identifies some factors that can limit the technological transformation of industry, assesses the potential challenges associated with the technological transformation of industry to determine strategic priorities, and identifies areas for creating a favorable environment that contributes to the innovative development of industry. Conclusions. The results of the study emphasize the importance of innovation activity and investment attractiveness for achieving sustainable economic growth of industrial production. Technological transformation of industry is a significant factor in economic growth.

フィンテックとインシュアテックが金融ビジネス領域に与えた影響と変化

Purpose: Previous studies of FinTech and InsureTech focused on how the introduction of new technologies and systems would affect the existing financial industry. Nevertheless, there were no studies approached from a comprehensive perspective on the relationship with InsurTech, a concept derived from FinTech, and its impact on the financial and insurance industries in the future. This study aims to contribute to related industries and academic fields by predicting the impact, differences, and future prospects of the concept and introduction of FinTech and insurtech on the financial industry.
 Research design, data, and methodology: Discuss the concept and status of FinTech and insurance technology through qualitative methods such as existing prior research and academic thesis books, and understand what influence it has on the current financial industry, insurance industry, and consumers.
 Results: Through the impact of each area of FinTech and InsureTech on the financial business area of this study, FinTech and InsureTech were similar concepts but differences could be identified. FinTech and InsureTech are still positively affecting the financial industry and consumers, but they are expected to become innovators that can lead the financial industry in the future.
 Implications: This study explained the concept of FinTech and InsureTech, and examined the impact of newly introduced high-tech technologies on the financial industry. Through this, it was possible to see the positive impact of FinTech and insurtech on the business sector and the general public. This author hopes that FinTech and InsureTech will be the driving force for new creation through improvement and innovation in each field.

Modern Technologies of Strategic HR Management in the Conditions of Innovative Development of Entrepreneurial Structures

In an era of rapid change and the introduction of new technologies, effective personnel management is becoming a key element in the successful development of business structures, and innovative technologies are becoming an integral part in strategic personnel management, optimizing current management processes and creating adaptive, high-performance and innovation-oriented teams. They help companies not only attract, develop and retain talent, but also create innovative corporate cultures capable of continuous growth and transformation. The purpose of researching innovative technologies in strategic personnel management is related to identifying the potential of innovative technologies to improve business processes, increase efficiency, create a favorable environment for employees and ways of their optimal implementation to achieve strategic goals in business structures. The article proposes an interpretation of the concept of “innovative technologies in strategic personnel management”. The methods of finding work for unemployed citizens in the Kyrgyz Republic for the period 2012–2021 are analyzed. Innovative technologies in strategic personnel management are considered, such as business process automation, artificial intelligence, cloud HR platforms, learning management systems, gamification and virtual reality, communication platforms that open up new prospects for creating progressive and flexible work environments. The advantages and disadvantages of introducing innovative technologies in strategic personnel management in the conditions of innovative development of business structures are highlighted. It is noted that the choice of innovative technologies should be based on the resources available in the business structure and the basic tasks of the strategic personnel management system. A combination of technologies is recommended that collectively increase the effectiveness of the strategic personnel management system in innovative development.

Specific Features of a Fire Safety and Technical Expert Training

The paper examines a range of issues related to the influence of the level of training and competence of the expert on the quality and timeliness of forensic fire safety and technical expertise. The current state of the specifics of such a training in educational institutions at Forensic Expertise Programs (Engineering and Technical Expertise specialization) is analyzed. The authors propose some recommendations and ways to solve some problems in this regard. The authors believe that the current state of training of fire technical experts requires some changes. This is due to many factors, for example, an increase in the range of tasks to be solved, the emergence of new specializations (subtypes of forensic fire safety and technical examination), the introduction of new technologies and expert equipment, reengineering of scientific and methodological support for the activities of a fire safety and technical expert, etc. In the paper, the authors pay special attention to the criteria for selecting applicants to universities and the features of training future experts. It is proposed to make some changes to the regulatory documents for the preparation (training) of fire safety and technical experts at Forensic Expertise Programs (Engineering and Technical Expertise specialization).

Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Power Systems

A continuous and reliable supply of electricity is necessary for the functioning of today’s modern and advanced society. Since the early to mid 1980s, most of the effort in power systems analysis has turned away from the methodology of formal mathematical modeling which came from the areas of operations research, control theory and numerical analysis to the less rigorous and less tedious techniques of artificial intelligence (AI). Power systems keep on increasing on the basis of geographical regions, assets additions, and introduction of new technologies in generation, transmission and distribution of electricity. AI techniques have become popular for solving different problems in power systems like control, planning, scheduling, forecast, etc. These techniques can deal with difficult tasks faced by applications in modern large power systems with even more interconnections installed to meet increasing load demand. The application of these techniques has been successful in many areas of power system engineering.

Managing the Digital Transformation of Enterprises: Assessing its Level in Woodworking Industry Companies

The research is devoted to analysing the woodworking industry from the point of view of using modern digital technologies at its enterprises. The relevance of this work is due to the fact that the timber industry is an important sector of the Russian economy, and the solution of such a task as determining the level of digital transformation (DT) of one of its industries will help identify problem areas and potential opportunities for improving production processes and introducing innovations. The methodological basis was the use of private and universal scientific methods such as analysis, synthesis, comparison, observation, ranking, and expert judgement. The authors of the study studied the activities of foreign and domestic timber processing companies, presented two options for calculating the level of their DT – both by quantifying the level of digitalisation of business processes and the scale of the company, and by analysing the effect of project implementation and the complexity of the technologies used, and found that the results obtained in both cases coincide. In the course of the work, three approaches to digital transformation were considered and it was concluded that its level not only in Russian, but also in foreign companies in the woodworking industry is average. The practical significance of the research consists in the development of recommendations and creation of a methodology for assessing the digital transformation of woodworking industry enterprises, which the latter can use when preparing for changes in the business model and the introduction of new technologies.

PEDAGOGICAL POSSIBILITIES OF IMPLEMENTING THE CPA (CONCRETE-PICTORIAL-ABSTRACT) APPROACH

The increase in the flow of information in the field of sciences requires the improvement of technologies that serve to master it, and the introduction of new technologies. Learning materials consist of variables, characters, etc. However, mastering educational materials is not just learning symbols, but most importantly, being able to apply knowledgein everyday life. And abstract educational materials are very important in mastering science. This article explores the pedagogical possibilities of introducing the CPA (Concrete-Pictorial-Abstract) approach to primary education. Based on the analysis, itbecame clear that the CPA (Concrete-Pictorial-Abstract) approach has not been thoroughly studied by local scientists and its possibilities have not been analyzed.

Current state and problems of reliability of power supply systems of electrical complexes of industrial enterprises

In accordance with the Energy Strategy of Russia until 2035 and the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation "Improving the reliability and quality of power supply to consumers of electric energy through the introduction of new technologies and optimization of the activities of territorial grid organizations", the issues of improving the reliability of power supply of electrical complexes of industrial enterprises in a market economy are of particular importance.This article presents the results of a survey of managers and specialists of the services of the chief power engineer of industrial enterprises, representatives of design institutes, equipment manufacturers, university researchers on the existing problems of reliability of power supply systems of industrial enterprises. The expediency of substantiating the identification of the current situation by the main reliability indicators and their relationship in the existing economic conditions for calculating the reliability of power supply systems is substantiated. A comparative analysis of the responses of respondents of energy services is presented, their interpretation is given.The main problems in the following blocks are identified: the quality of the enterprise's energy supply and its reliability; the reliability of energy distribution within the enterprise and control of the influence of installed electrical equipment on the quality of the electrical network; knowledge regarding reliability and interest in carrying out such calculations. Recommendations are given on the identified problems, including the analysis of individual indicators of reliability of power supply to industrial enterprises.

The use of problem-based modular educational technology in institutions of higher and secondary vocational education

Introduction. In modern conditions, new requirements are being imposed on the organization of the educational process and the effectiveness of vocational education. At the same time, the quality of graduate training is of paramount importance.Purpose setting. Therefore, the introduction of new technologies into the educational process is becoming increasingly relevant, which should equip students with a methodology of cognition and creative approaches to solving practical problems. One of the most effective and popular educational services on the market is the problem-modular educational technology.Methodology and methods of the study. The basics of modular training are revealed by T. A. Kaplunovich and P. Y. Tsyavichene. The understanding of problem-modular learning is interpreted as a procedure for selecting and limiting the range of the most significant problematic issues in the discipline under study without violating the consistency of the presentation of the material. The entire course is divided into modules, the boundaries of which are determined in accordance with the educational and pedagogical tasks, the amount of theoretical knowledge and practical skills necessary for students to successfully solve professional tasks. The development of approaches to the construction and application of modular programs is considered in detail in the studies of V. M. Gareev, E. M. Durko, G. V. Lavrentiev, N. B. Lavrentieva.Results. Currently, the vocational education system is faced with the tasks of activating and developing students» cognitive abilities, differentiating and individualizing the learning process in accordance with the required levels of training and formation of specialists with stable motivations for self-improvement and self-education throughout life.Conclusions. The problem-modular learning technology allows implementing a personality-oriented approach to learning, makes it possible to activate the cognitive activity of students, form their self-education skills and bring learning closer to solving professional tasks.

Analysis of the Forces Driving Public Hospitals’ Operating Costs Using LMDI Decomposition: The Case of Japan

The sustainable management of public hospitals is usually threatened by long-term operating deficit, which was exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to quantitatively decompose the historical changes in the annual operating costs of public hospitals in Japan to identify the main driving forces responsible for a worsening imbalance between operating costs and income over the past two decades. A dataset of the annual operating costs of public hospitals in Japan was compiled, in which influencing factors were redefined to make the data amenable to the application of a decomposition method referred to as the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI). Using the LMDI method, the contribution of each influencing factor to the changes in public hospital operating costs was quantitatively determined. The results indicate that, on average, there is an annual reduction in operating costs by JPY 9 million per hospital, arising out of the national reform of public hospitals, but the rapid increase in the prices and worsened structure of costs in recent years resulted in an annual increment of JPY 127 million per hospital to the increasing operating costs. The pandemic revealed damage to the financial balance of public hospitals, but epidemic prevention policies brought an offset to the increased operating cost. A more resilient domestic medical supply chain, the introduction of new technologies, and continuous endeavors in system reform and pricing policies are required to achieve financial sustainability in public hospitals in Japan.

One step closer: Laypeople’s perception of production steps for manufacturing CO2-based jet fuel

BackgroundThe need for greenhouse gas abatement measures grows as climate change threatens life on earth. Negative emission technologies, such as carbon capture and utilization (CCU), can reduce emissions from the transport sector, particularly aviation. However, the lack of support and low public acceptance can impact the successful introduction of new technologies. This study analyzes the factors that influence acceptance of the single production steps (capture, purification, conversion, and transport of CO2) of production of CO2-based jet fuels to identify acceptance hot spots and potential roll-out barriers.ResultsIn a quantitative survey with n = 543 German respondents, we find that transport of CO2 in comparison with capture, purification, and conversion of CO2 into hydrocarbons is perceived as less acceptable, efficient, and useful, more expensive as well as damaging for the environment and health. Furthermore, product-step specific risk perceptions, as well as benefit and barrier perceptions for CCU mainly predict people’s attitude towards the four production steps. A cluster-analysis revealed two groups, “Approvers” and “Sceptics”, which were characterized by distinctive perception profiles. Further analysis showed that sustainability (e.g., use of renewable energy) and efficiency (e.g., carbon removal and resource use) were of greater importance to Approvers.ConclusionsThe study’s results suggest the need for further research and information provision to enhance public understanding of the technology and its role as a part of circular economy approaches. Risk perceptions play a central role in determining attitudes towards CCU, which should be considered in future studies and communication strategies. The findings can inform policymakers, industry stakeholders, and communication experts working to promote sustainable aviation fuel technologies.

Voltage Forecasting in a Very Short Time Through the Application of Nebulous Systems

It is being discussed in the global energy sector the introduction of new technologies and regulatory changes in the distribution systems of electric power, in this sense the present work aims to present a methodology for analysis and optimization of the voltage levels, from the recurrence of preview techniques applied to the setting of Smarts Grids. The results obtained in the simulations we can say that the advent of Smarts Grids enables the exploration of artificial intelligence techniques to predict voltage. The proposed methodology has resulted in the indication of the need to proactively intervene in the operation of voltage control equipment.

Analysis of the Impact of Structuralized Industrial Upgrading and Industry Chain Resilience

This paper integrates several theoretical perspectives, such as economics, sociology, environmental science, organizational ecology, global value chain theory and complexity theory, to explore in depth the interrelationship between structured industrial upgrading and the resilience of the industrial chain. From the economic dimension, industrial upgrading not only promotes the development of the industry chain to a higher level, but also improves the resilience of the whole industry chain by reducing the dependence on limited resources through the introduction of new technologies and the enhancement of efficiency. The consideration of the social dimension emphasizes the importance of paying attention to social responsibility and social participation in the upgrading process, which helps establish a stronger social foundation and improves the resilience of the whole industrial chain. The environmental dimension perspective reveals the positive impact of the environmental friendliness of industrial chain upgrading on resilience, which enhances the overall stability of the industrial chain by reducing environmental shocks. Organizational ecology theory, on the other hand, highlights the roles and interactions at the organizational level, and factors such as organizational evolution, adaptation, and resource allocation have far-reaching impacts on the resilience of the industry chain. The global value chain theory provides a global perspective, emphasizing the importance of division of labor synergy and diversification in each link of the chain. Finally, complexity theory profoundly analyzes the complex mechanism of industry chain evolution from the perspectives of self-organizing behavior, path dependence, and nonlinear effects, enabling a better understanding of the dynamic evolution process of the industry chain. The synthesis of these theoretical perspectives provides a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between industrial structuralization and upgrading and industry chain resilience, and provides theoretical support for the development of more comprehensive and targeted policies and strategies in the future. In practice, an in-depth analysis of how various factors interact will help promote the sustainable development and adaptive upgrading of the industrial chain.

Innovation Practices and Organizational Learning

The organization's ability to innovate is a prerequisite for the successful use of inventive activity of resources and new technologies. Indeed, the introduction of new technologies presents complex opportunities and challenges for organizations, leading to changes in management practices and the emergence of new organizational forms. Thus, innovation is an important source of growth and a determinant of competitive advantage for many organizations. Indeed, achieving innovation requires coordinated efforts of many actors and the integration of activities across specialized functions, domains and contexts of knowledge application. Our goal is to provide a perspective on organizational innovation and to identify the importance of organizational cognition and learning to improve innovation.

Research and innovation paving the way for climate neutrality in urban transport: Analysis of 362 cities on their journey to zero emissions

The EU Mission on Climate Neutral and Smart Cities is an ambitious initiative aiming to involve a wide range of stakeholders and deliver 100 climate-neutral and smart cities by 2030. We analysed the information submitted in the expressions of interest by 362 candidate cities. The majority of the cities’ strategies for climate neutrality include urban transport as a main sector and combine the introduction of new technologies with the promotion of public transport and active mobility. We combined the information from the EU Mission candidate cities with data from the CORDIS and TRIMIS databases, and applied a clustering algorithm to measure proximity to foci of H2020 funding. Our results suggest that preparedness for the EU Mission is correlated with research and innovation activities on transport and mobility. Horizon 2020 activities specific to transport and mobility significantly increased the likelihood of a city to be a candidate. Among the various transport technology research pathways, smart mobility appears to have a major role in the development of solutions for climate neutrality.

Research progress of 3D-bioprinted functional pancreas and in vitro tumor models

With the rapid development of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology, the research revolving around in vitro functional pancreas and tumor models has become the focus of attention in the field of life sciences. This review aims to summarize and deeply discuss the research progress and prospects of 3D-bioprinted functional pancreas and in vitro tumor models. The efforts in improving 3D printing technology to increase its accuracy and reliability in the biomedical applications have been ramped up over the past few years. Researchers are now able to create highly complex 3D structures through precise layering of biological materials at the micron scale. For instance, a functional pancreas can be printed in vitro by combining cells, biomaterials, and growth factors. The introduction of new technologies allows researchers to more accurately simulate the growth and spread of tumors, providing a more realistic platform for cancer treatment research. This not only helps accelerate the process of drug screening, but also lays the foundation for personalized medicine. As multiple disciplines, such as materials science, cell biology, and engineering, continue to converge with 3D bioprinting, emergence of more innovative applications is anticipated. However, despite significant progress, many technical and ethical challenges still need to be overcome before practical clinical applications can be implemented. In summary, the application of bioprinting technology is of great significance to the study of functional pancreas and in vitro tumor models, which could lead to new breakthroughs in the development of clinical treatment and personalized medicine.

A novel energy optimization framework to enhance the performance of sensor nodes in Industry 4.0

AbstractIndustry 4.0 is a term used to refer to the fourth industrial revolution, characterized by the introduction of new technologies, such as the Internet of Things, Big Data, and artificial intelligence (AI). As the number of connected devices in industrial settings grows, energy optimization of such sensors becomes increasingly essential. This paper proposes an energy optimization framework for sensor nodes in Industry 4.0. The framework is based on energy efficiency, energy conservation, and energy harvesting principles. It is designed to optimize the energy consumption of sensor nodes while maintaining their performance. The framework includes dynamic power management, scheduling, and harvesting techniques to reduce energy consumption while maintaining performance. In addition, the framework provides a comprehensive approach to energy optimization, including advanced analytics and AI to predict energy consumption and optimize energy use. The proposed model reached 96.93% sensitivity, 91.36% false discovery rate, 11.28% false omission rate, 90.12% prevalence threshold, and 91.24% threat score. The proposed framework is expected to improve the performance of sensor nodes in Industry 4.0, enabling increased efficiency and cost savings.

Государственная политика СССР в сфере внедрения достижений науки и техники в середине 1950-х гг.

Based on the study of currently available archival documents from the RGANI funds, the problem of the evolution of state policy in the field of the introduction of science and technology in the USSR in the mid-1950s is investigated. The documents published at that time focused on speeding up the pace of the introduction of new technology, the best use of foreign samples, support for the movement of innovators and inventors, its scaling. A comparative analysis of the indicators of the USSR and the USA demonstrated the continuing technological lag of our country in a number of significant areas. Labor productivity remained relatively low. Arrogance, complacency, fear of taking risks and unwillingness to use the best of world and domestic experience were mentioned as factors determining the failure to achieve the targets. The documents that were not intended for publication contained specific negative examples, there was quite sharp and harsh criticism of the heads of ministries, enterprises and scientists. The conclusion is formulated that the data contained in previously unpublished documents give a more accurate idea of the results of the implementation of the state scientific and technical policy in the period under study and do not allow assessing the measures taken by the authorities in the field of technical re-equipment of production as optimal. Against the background of high rates of economic growth, significant achievements in the field of science and technology, there was a slowdown in modernization processes. Inventors were insufficiently stimulated, the results of research developments were slowly introduced. The approved documents indicate that the authorities tried to cope with the emerging problems with the help of command methods, reorganizations of the management system. But the share of manual labor remained high. This led to the fact that the advantages achieved in any industry by high mechanization of individual processes were largely lost, and the labor intensity of products continued to remain high. As the most important factor of inhibition, the current mobilization model of the economy was determined, focusing primarily on achieving quantitative targets. In addition, the rejection of the development of a unified all-Union plan for the introduction of new technology had a negative impact, there was no single body ensuring the coordination of research and implementation of their results. The country's leadership did not sufficiently assess the importance of the release of computer technology, automation and mechanization of production.

Умови та вплив глобалізаційних перетворень на діяльність бізнес-структур

The study is devoted to the analysis of how globalization processes affect various aspects of doing business. The novelty of the study lies in several key aspects: for the first time, the concept of preconditions for globalization transformations, factors and phenomena is defined and differentiated, their detailed description is made using the latest statistical data of world-wide development. Globalization phenomena and factors are systematized by both the positive and negative consequences of impact on socioeconomic development. The consequences of the impact of globalization transformations on business structures, in particular on innovative development, automation of processes, improvement of logistics, improvement of communications, management, expansion of sales markets, are studied. As a result of the study, approaches to understanding globalization as a multifaceted process that covers the socioeconomic, political, technological, and cultural aspects of society are systematized. The key preconditions for globalization, including the development of informatization, the introduction of new technologies, political changes and economic integration, are analyzed. It is found that these factors enable interdependence and interactivity at the global level, fostering the convergence of different national systems. Conclusions are drawn about the twofold impact of globalization: on the one hand, it stimulates economic integration, free movement of goods and services, development of technology, increase in productivity of economies, exchange of cultures and development of intellectual capital; on the other hand, it leads to economic inequalities, negative impact on local producers, environmental problems, political conflicts and loss of cultural uniqueness. The study also characterizes the impact of globalization on business, including innovation, digitalization, process automation, market expansion, the introduction of omnichannel retail, logistics optimization, reduction of delivery costs, as well as the development of new forms of financing and modern approaches to management.

Biomarkers of minimal residual disease and treatment.

Minimal residual disease (MRD) has been defined as a very small numbers of cancer cells that remain in the body after curative treatment. Its presence or absence will ultimately determine prognosis. With the introduction of new technologies the presence of MRD in patients with solid tumours can be detected and characterized. As MRD predicts future relapse, be it early or late treatment failure, in an otherwise asymptomatic patient its treatment and when to start treatment remains to be determined. Thus the concepts of personalized medicine using different biomarkers to classify the biological properties of MRD maybe come possible. Based on this determinations it may be possible to use targeted therapies rather than all patients with the same type of cancer receiving a standard treatment. However, it is important to understand the limitations of the different technologies, what these techniques are detecting and how they may help in the treatment of patients with cancer. The majority of published studies are in patients with metastatic cancer and there are few reports in patients with MRD. In this chapter the concept of MRD, the methods used to detect it and what treatments may be effective based on the biological characteristics of the tumour cells as determined by different biomarkers is reviewed. MRD depends on the phenotypic properties of the tumour cells to survive in their new environment and the anti-tumour immune response. This is a dynamic process and changes with time in the wake of immunosuppression caused by the tumour cells and/or the effects of treatment to select resistant tumour cells. With the use of biomarkers to typify the characteristics of MRD and the development of new drugs a personalized treatment can be designed rather than all patients given the same treatment. Patients who are initially negative for MRD may not require further treatment with liquid biopsies used to monitor the patients during follow-up in order to detect those patients who may become MRD positive. The liquid biopsy used during the follow up of MRD positive patients can be used to detect changes in the biological properties of the tumour cells and thus may need treatment changes to overcome tumour cell resistance.