Intrinsic Frame Research Articles

Characterization of retardance of nondepolarizing and depolarizing media

A criterion for the characterization of the retardance effects produced by depolarizing and nondepolarizing linear media on interacting light is established based on Mueller matrices algebra. A consistent general description of retardance properties is performed by means of a serial decomposition of the Mueller matrix into three components, namely an element that encompasses the enpolarizing and depolarizing properties sandwiched by two elliptical retarders containing complete and decoupled information on retardance. The inherent ambiguity derived from the coincident formal structure of rotation matrices and circular retarders is removed though the introduction of the entrance and exit intrinsic reference frames, leading to the concepts of the intrinsic entrance and exit linear retarders, which are defined from the Mueller matrix itself and that are independent of the laboratory reference frames used to represent the incident and emerging polarized light beams, respectively.

Information structure of a polarization state: the concept of metaspin

A complete description of the polarization properties of a random, stationary, generally three-dimensional (3D) optical field in a point is provided by the 3×3 polarization matrix. We show that its nine degrees of freedom can be represented by nine independent and decoupled parameters with simple and significant physical meanings. These cover the three orientation angles determining the intrinsic reference frame with respect to an arbitrary one, the three principal intensities representing the strengths of the components of the electric field along the respective intrinsic reference axes, and a real-valued vector, which we term metaspin, whose three components are given by the intrinsic correlations of the field components. Consequently, any given polarization state has an associated intensity-isotropic state, called the metaspin state, whose spin vector is fully determined by the metaspin vector. We also show that the concept of metaspin provides an illustrative synthesis procedure for 3D polarization states. The results can straightforwardly be applied to any 3×3 density matrix.

Examination of Spatial Deictic Markers in KingoniExamination of Spatial Deictic Markers in Kingoni

This study aimed to examine spatial deixis in Kingoni within the framework of the cognitive semantics approach. A total of 60 adults and grandparents that were purposively selected from 30 households in Songea Rural District were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires. Data on Kingoni spatial orientation was analysed using thematic and quotation analysis techniques, with special interest in underlying coordinates, body-sidedness, and the absolute and intrinsic frame of reference. The study results show that Kingoni has five deictic terms with movement or motion components categorised into two groups: go (hambai, wukai) and come (bwelai, wuyai, and kiliwukai). It has also been realised that Kingoni is a hybrid system of frames of reference, changing from one frame to another when interacting. It uses object-sidedness (intrinsic frame of reference) and body-sidedness to express or point to something like kumangiga (the right hand) or kumandyoli (the left-hand side). Kingoni exhibits four spatial dimension differences when expressing the location of an object from a given viewpoint. These are apa (near), pala (near far), palanaha (far), and palé (far most). Accordingly, the study recommends continued research in natural language to enrich existing knowledge about deictic markers.

In vivo label-free tissue histology through a microstructured imaging window.

Tissue histopathology, based on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of thin tissue slices, is the gold standard for the evaluation of the immune reaction to the implant of a biomaterial. It is based on lengthy and costly procedures that do not allow longitudinal studies. The use of non-linear excitation microscopy in vivo, largely label-free, has the potential to overcome these limitations. With this purpose, we develop and validate an implantable microstructured device for the non-linear excitation microscopy assessment of the immune reaction to an implanted biomaterial label-free. The microstructured device, shaped as a matrix of regular 3D lattices, is obtained by two-photon laser polymerization. It is subsequently implanted in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of embryonated chicken eggs for 7 days to act as an intrinsic 3D reference frame for cell counting and identification. The histological analysis based on H&E images of the tissue sections sampled around the implanted microstructures is compared to non-linear excitation and confocal images to build a cell atlas that correlates the histological observations to the label-free images. In this way, we can quantify the number of cells recruited in the tissue reconstituted in the microstructures and identify granulocytes on label-free images within and outside the microstructures. Collagen and microvessels are also identified by means of second-harmonic generation and autofluorescence imaging. The analysis indicates that the tissue reaction to implanted microstructures is like the one typical of CAM healing after injury, without a massive foreign body reaction. This opens the path to the use of similar microstructures coupled to a biomaterial, to image in vivo the regenerating interface between a tissue and a biomaterial with label-free non-linear excitation microscopy. This promises to be a transformative approach, alternative to conventional histopathology, for the bioengineering and the validation of biomaterials in in vivo longitudinal studies.

Tencent Text-Video Retrieval: Hierarchical Cross-Modal Interactions with Multi-Level Representations

Text-Video Retrieval plays an important role in multi-modal understanding and has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Most existing methods focus on constructing contrastive pairs between whole videos and complete caption sentences, while overlooking fine-grained cross-modal relationships, e.g., clip-phrase or frame-word. In this paper, we propose a novel method, named Hierarchical Cross-Modal Interaction (HCMI), to explore multi-level cross-modal relationships among video-sentence, clip-phrase, and frame-word for text-video retrieval. Considering intrinsic semantic frame relations, HCMI performs self-attention to explore frame-level correlations and adaptively cluster correlated frames into clip-level and video-level representations. In this way, HCMI constructs multi-level video representations for frame-clip-video granularities to capture fine-grained video content, and multi-level text representations at word-phrase-sentence granularities for the text modality. With multi-level representations for video and text, hierarchical contrastive learning is designed to explore fine-grained cross-modal relationships, i.e., frame-word, clip-phrase, and video-sentence, which enables HCMI to achieve a comprehensive semantic comparison between video and text modalities. Further boosted by adaptive label denoising and marginal sample enhancement, HCMI achieves new state-of-the-art results on various benchmarks, e.g., Rank@1 of 55.0%, 58.2%, 29.7%, 52.1%, and 57.3% on MSR-VTT, MSVD, LSMDC, DiDemo, and ActivityNet, respectively.

Assessment of spatiotemporal characteristics of gait, trough the Phyphox® app: a case series

BackgroundSpatiotemporal characteristics from human locomotion can provide effective clinical metrics to assess motor control and brain function. This case report aims to assess the temporal structure of variability in stride-to-stride time and calculated the intrinsic fractal frame that is hidden below the repetitive structure of physiological gait through the “Phyphox” app. This is an innovative study from the perspective of analyzing gait variables through a mobile app. Case presentationFive older adults Caucasian (3 women; age = 73 ± 10,5 years; body mass = 62,2 ± 15,1 kg; height = 1,56 ± 0,1 m; 2 men; age = 75,5 ± 7,8 years; body mass = 86,3 ± 18,0 kg; height = 1,77 ± 0,1 m) participated in this study. Five participants were asked to walk with a natural cadence, two of the participants presented a value greater than 80 step’s/minute (81.14 ± 0.01; 86.67 ± 0.02); and the others had values between 55 and 65 step’s/minute (55.20 ± 0.02; 55.78 ± 0.05; 61.02 ± 0.05). Regarding the coefficient of variation, only one participant presented 10.08%. For the total number of steps, three of the participants had values greater than 1000 steps. The variability of these stride-to-stride time has been quantified through detrended fluctuation analysis; one participant presented a value above 1.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that a smartphone might provide a valid measure to assess the spatiotemporal characteristics of gait.

Understanding Consumer Attitudes toward Cultured Meat: The Role of Online Media Framing

The widespread commercialization of cultured meat, produced from animal stem cells grown in vitro, faces significant challenges related to technical, regulatory, and social acceptability constraints. Despite advancements in knowledge, the acceptance of this innovation remains uncertain. Understanding individuals’ decision-making processes and interpretative patterns is crucial, with media framing playing a key role in shaping attitudes toward cultured meat adoption. This research, focusing on Twitter as a social media platform, examines the impact of media framing on consumer attitudes (cognitive, affective, and conative) regarding cultured meat. Qualitative (content analysis) and quantitative (MANOVA) analyses were conducted on 23,020 posts and 38,531 comments, selected based on media framing or containing relevant attitude components. This study reveals that media-framed posts significantly influence consumer attitudes compared to non-media-framed posts. While different types of media framing (ethical, intrinsic, informational, and belief) exhibit varying impacts on attitude components, posts combining ethical, intrinsic, and informational frames have a more substantial effect on cultured meat acceptability. The belief frame, particularly for the behavioral component, is equally influential. Consumer attitudes toward cultured meat are found to be ambivalent, considering the associated benefits and risks. Nevertheless, the affective component of attitude is notably influenced by posts featuring informational and ethical media frames. This study suggests implications for authorities and businesses, emphasizing the importance of differentiated education and marketing strategies. Advertising messages that combine ethical, intrinsic, and informational frames are recommended. Additionally, this study advocates for regulatory measures governing the production, marketing, and consumption of cultured meat to instill consumer confidence in the industry. By highlighting the significance of beliefs in cultured meat consumption behavior, this research points toward potential exploration of cultural and religious influences in future studies.

Differential processing of intrinsic vs. extrinsic coordinates in wrist movement: connectivity and chronometry perspectives.

This study explores brain-network differences between the intrinsic and extrinsic motor coordinate frames. A connectivity model showing the coordinate frames difference was obtained using brain fMRI data of right wrist isometric flexions and extensions movements, performed in two forearm postures. The connectivity model was calculated by machine-learning-based neural representation and effective functional connectivity using psychophysiological interaction and dynamic causal modeling analyses. The model indicated the network difference wherein the inferior parietal lobule receives extrinsic information from the rostral lingual gyrus through the superior parietal lobule and transmits intrinsic information to the Handknob, whereas extrinsic information is transmitted to the Handknob directly from the rostral lingual gyrus. A behavioral experiment provided further evidence on the difference between motor coordinate frames showing onset timing delay of muscle activity of intrinsic coordinate-directed wrist movement compared to extrinsic one. These results suggest that, if the movement is externally directed, intrinsic coordinate system information is bypassed to reach the primary motor area.

Nuclear DFT electromagnetic moments in heavy deformed open-shell odd nuclei

Within the nuclear DFT approach, we determined the magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments for paired nuclear states corresponding to the proton (neutron) quasiparticles blocked in the π11/2− (ν13/2+) intruder configurations. We performed calculations for all deformed open-shell odd nuclei with 63≤Z≤82 and 82≤N≤126. Time-reversal symmetry was broken in the intrinsic reference frame and self-consistent shape and spin core polarizations were established. We determined spectroscopic moments of angular-momentum-projected wave functions and compared them with available experimental data. We obtained good agreement with data without using effective g-factors or effective charges in the dipole or quadrupole operators, respectively. We also showed that the intrinsic magnetic dipole moments, or those obtained for conserved intrinsic time-reversal symmetry, do not represent viable approximations of the spectroscopic ones.

Comparing end-effector position and joint angle feedback for online robotic limb tracking.

Somatosensation greatly increases the ability to control our natural body. This suggests that supplementing vision with haptic sensory feedback would also be helpful when a user aims at controlling a robotic arm proficiently. However, whether the position of the robot and its continuous update should be coded in a extrinsic or intrinsic reference frame is not known. Here we compared two different supplementary feedback contents concerning the status of a robotic limb in 2-DoFs configuration: one encoding the Cartesian coordinates of the end-effector of the robotic arm (i.e., Task-space feedback) and another and encoding the robot joints angles (i.e., Joint-space feedback). Feedback was delivered to blindfolded participants through vibrotactile stimulation applied on participants' leg. After a 1.5-hour training with both feedbacks, participants were significantly more accurate with Task compared to Joint-space feedback, as shown by lower position and aiming errors, albeit not faster (i.e., similar onset delay). However, learning index during training was significantly higher in Joint space feedback compared to Task-space feedback. These results suggest that Task-space feedback is probably more intuitive and more suited for activities which require short training sessions, while Joint space feedback showed potential for long-term improvement. We speculate that the latter, despite performing worse in the present work, might be ultimately more suited for applications requiring long training, such as the control of supernumerary robotic limbs for surgical robotics, heavy industrial manufacturing, or more generally, in the context of human movement augmentation.

Enhanced Schiff and magnetic quadrupole moments in deformed nuclei and their connection to the search for axion dark matter

Deformed nuclei possess enhanced moments violating time reversal invariance ($T$) and parity ($P$). Collective magnetic quadrupole moments (MQM) appear in nuclei with a quadrupole deformation (which have ordinary $T$,$P$-conserving collective electric quadrupole moments). Nuclei with an octupole deformation have a collective electric octupole moment, electric dipole moment (EDM), Schiff moment and MQM in the intrinsic frame which rotates with the nucleus. In a state with definite angular momentum in the laboratory frame, these moments are forbidden by $T$ and $P$ conservation, meaning their expectation values vanish due to nuclear rotation. However, nuclei with an octupole deformation have doublets of close opposite parity rotational states with the same spin, which are mixed by $T$,$P$-violating nuclear forces. This mixing polarises the orientation of the nuclear axis along the nuclear spin, and all moments existing in the intrinsic frame appear in the laboratory frame (provided the nuclear spin $I$ is sufficiently large to allow such a moment). Such a mechanism produces enhanced $T$,$P$-violating nuclear moments. This enhancement also takes place in nuclei with a soft octupole vibration mode. In this paper we present updated estimates for the enhanced Schiff moment in isotopes of Eu, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er, Fr, Rn, Ac, Ra, Th, Pa, U, Np and Pu in terms of the CP-violating $\pi$-meson--nucleon interaction constants $\bar{g}_{0},\bar{g}_{1}$ and $\bar{g}_{2}$, the QCD parameter $\bar{\theta}$ and the quark chromo-EDMs. The implications of the enhanced $T$,$P$-violating moments to the search for axion dark matter in solid state experiments are also discussed, with potential alternative candidate compounds in which we may expect enhanced effects suggested.

The digital transformation conundrum: negotiating complexity through interactive framing

ABSTRACT The aim of our article is to explore the interactive dynamics ensuing a digital implementation initiative whilst critiquing the nature and process of digital transformation. We analysed the data emerging out of 59 semi-structured interviews and 90 hours of non-participant observation in order to contextualise our investigation within the healthcare setting which in our case was a large hospital undergoing one of the biggest single-site implementation of digital health technology in Europe at its time. Our empirics is aided by ethnographic techniques and Gioia’s methodology has resulted in a grounded model which has implications for both scholars and practitioners. Through discussion with the end-users within the organisation, the findings highlight three processual landmarks which have been theorised using Erving Goffman’s conceptualisation of ‘framing’. In our study these have been referred to as intrinsic, frictional, and transitional frames, depicting the cognitive progression of end-users when interacting with digital artefacts as well as negotiating the institutional complexity. The three dynamic frames exhibit stage-specific occurrences and offer a complete abstract of a very large and difficult digital implementation project. Theoretically, our study offers a basis for scholars to conceptualise the processual nature of digital transformation through the lens of framing. Interactive dynamics remain underrated or largely ignored when it comes to implementation of such large projects, but we make it salient through the three empirically derived socio-cognitive frames. These frames in our view serves as a practical toolkit for practitioners in any setting visualising the implementation of a digital transformation project.

Three-dimensional quasi-static displacement of human middle-ear ossicles under static pressure loads: Measurement using a stereo camera system

The time delay and/or malfunctioning of the Eustachian tube may cause pressure differences across the tympanic membrane, resulting in quasi-static movements of the middle-ear ossicles. While quasi-static displacements of the human middle-ear ossicles have been measured one- or two-dimensionally in previous studies, this study presents an approach to trace three-dimensional movements of the human middle-ear ossicles under static pressure loads in the ear canal (EC). The three-dimensional quasi-static movements of the middle-ear ossicles were measured using a custom-made stereo camera system. Two cameras were assembled with a relative angle of 7° and then mounted onto a robot arm. Red fluorescent beads of a 106–125 µm diameter were placed on the middle-ear ossicles, and quasi-static position changes of the fluorescent beads under static pressure loads were traced by the stereo camera system. All the position changes of the ossicles were registered to the anatomical intrinsic frame based on the stapes footplate, which was obtained from µ-CT imaging. Under negative ear-canal pressures, a rotational movement around the anterior-posterior axis was dominant for the malleus-incus complex, with small relative movements between the two ossicles. The stapes showed translation toward the lateral direction and rotation around the long axis of the stapes footplate. Under positive EC pressures, relative motion between the malleus and the incus at the IMJ became larger, reducing movements of the incus and stapes considerably and thus performing a protection function for the inner-ear structures. Three-dimensional tracing of the middle-ear ossicular chain provides a better understanding of the protection function of the human middle ear under static pressured loads as immediate responses without time delay.

The Impact of Block Play on Young Children’s Production of Intrinsic Frame of Reference: A Quasi-Experiment

ABSTRACT Research Findings: Although the importance of block play to children’s spatial ability has been recognized globally, little is known about children’s use of spatial frames of reference during spatial processing. This study investigated the intervention with guided block play to promote children’s use of their intrinsic frame of reference, an identified effective frame of reference for spatial information. Participants included 42 kindergarten children ( months, SD = 3.91, 48% girls) and 42 pre-kindergarten children ( months, SD = 3.63, 57% girls) from one public kindergarten in Shanghai, China. A quasi-experiment method was used with a four-month intervention program designed for the experiment groups. Statistically significant differences were identified in the performance of the spatial tasks between the experiment and control groups in both kindergarten and pre-kindergarten children after the intervention. The results revealed that block-play interventions can effectively increase children’s ability to use their intrinsic frame of reference and their preference in using this frame for spatial representations. Practice or Policy: These findings provided a new perspective on analyzing children’s spatial competence and supported the benefits of block play interventions with empirical evidence.

Enhanced magnetic quadrupole moments in nuclei with octupole deformation and their CP -violating effects in molecules

Nuclei with an octupole deformation have a non-zero electric octupole moment, electric dipole moment (EDM), Schiff moment and magnetic quadrupole moment (MQM) in the intrinsic frame which rotates with the nucleus. In a state with definite angular momentum in the laboratory frame, these moments are forbidden by parity (P) and time reversal invariance (T) conservation, meaning their expectation values vanish due to nuclear rotation. However, nuclei with an octupole deformation have doublets of close opposite parity rotational states with the same spin, which are mixed by T,P-odd nuclear forces. This mixing produces the orientation of the nuclear axis along nuclear spin and all moments existing in the intrinsic frame appear in the laboratory frame (provided the nuclear spin I is sufficiently large to allow such moment). Such a mechanism produces enhanced T,P-violating nuclear moments. This enhancement also takes place in nuclei with a soft octupole vibration mode. Schiff moments in such nuclei have been calculated in previous works. In the present paper we consider the magnetic quadrupole moment which appears in isotopes with nuclear spin $I \geq 1$. Magnetic interaction between the nuclear MQM and electrons produces an atomic EDM and T,P-violating nuclear spin - molecular axis interaction constants for molecules in electronic states with non-zero electron angular momentum. Measurements of these constants may be used to test CP-violation theories and search for axion dark matter in atomic, molecular and solid state experiments. Potential candidate nuclei include 153Eu, 161Dy, 221Fr, 223Fr, 223Ra, 223Rn, 225Ac, 227Ac, 229Th, 229Pa, 233U and 235U. We subsequently consider molecules containing these nuclei (EuO, EuN+, RaF, AcO, AcN+, AcF+, ThO and ThF+).

River-based and egocentric spatial orientation in Yine

AbstractIn linguistic studies on spatial reference frames, South American languages are still underrepresented. This explorative study offers a qualitative discussion of strategies that were found to encode location and orientation of objects in Yine, an Amazonian language of Peru. Geocentric and egocentric frames were attested as equally dominant strategies to provide spatial information in a picture-matching task, the results of which are split by age group of speakers. Senior Yine speakers mainly used river-oriented geocentric and intrinsic frames, whereas young adult speakers relied on egocentric and intrinsic frames exclusively. Left/right/behind relators were predominantly interpreted in allocentric-intrinsic frames by speakers of both groups but egocentric-extrinsic frames also arose in spatial descriptions elicited from younger speakers.

Reference frames in language and cognition: cross-population mismatches

AbstractNumerous studies have found evidence of a speech community’s referential practices in discourse being predictive of its members’ behavior in nonverbal tasks. In this article, we discuss a series of exceptions to this alignment pattern, drawing on data from eleven populations of Asia, Europe, the Middle East, North and Central America, and Oceania. These exceptions have not been discussed in conjunction with one another and the striking commonalities across the findings of these studies have gone unnoticed: (a) in discourses referring to small-scale space, either intrinsic frame use is dominant or both relative and geocentric frames are used frequently in addition to intrinsic frames; and (b) in recall/recognition memory, geocentric coding is more common than egocentric coding (in tasks that involve stationary stimulus configurations) in nine of the populations, while in the remaining two, there is evidence of extensive intrinsic coding even in nonverbal cognition. We discuss these findings in light of Haun’s innate geocentrism hypothesis (Haun, D. B. M., C. Rapold, J. Call, G. Janzen & S. C. Levinson. 2006. Cognitive cladistics and cultural override in hominid spatial cognition.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences103(46). 17568–17573). Our data offers partial support for this hypothesis, but simultaneously calls into question whether any extrinsic reference frames are available innately.

The intrinsic frame of reference and the Dhivehi ‘FIBO’ system

Abstract While geocentric and relative frames of reference have figured prominently in the literature on spatial language and cognition, the intrinsic frame of reference has received less attention, though various subtypes of the intrinsic frame have been proposed. This paper presents a revised classification of the intrinsic frame, distinguishing between three subtypes: a ‘direct’ subtype, an ‘object-centered’ subtype and a ‘figure-anchored’ subtype, with a cross-cutting distinction between ‘function-based’ and ‘shape-based’ systems. In addition, the ‘FIBO’ (front = inner, back = outer) system in Dhivehi is analyzed as an example of a borderline case, with some important features of the intrinsic frame but also some differences, presenting a challenge for existing frame of reference classifications. The rotational properties of these various systems are also considered. The analysis underscores the considerable diversity within intrinsic systems but also points to a closer relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic frames than has previously been appreciated. This may have implications for broader theoretical issues including how frames of reference are acquired, how speech communities come to use different frames and whether patterns of frame use in discourse shape patterns of non-verbal frame use.

Rotating deformed halo nuclei and shape decoupling effects

To explore the rotational excitation of deformed halo nuclei, the angular momentum projection (AMP) has been implemented in the deformed relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory in continuum (DRHBc), in which both the mean field and collective wave functions are expanded in terms of Dirac Woods-Saxon basis. The DRHBc + AMP approach self-consistently describes the coupling between single particle bound states and the continuum not only in the ground state but also in rotational states. The rotational modes of deformed halos in 42,44Mg are investigated by studying properties of rotational states such as the excitation energy, configuration, and density distribution. Our study demonstrates that the deformed halo structure persists from the ground state in the intrinsic frame to collective states. Especially, the typical behavior of shape decoupling effects in rotating deformed halo nuclei is revealed.

TEMPORAL USES OF TRƯỚC AND SAU: AN ANALYSIS OF TEMPORAL FRAMES OF REFERENCE IN VIETNAMESE

This paper aims at studying the temporal meanings of trước and sau in Vietnamese concerning temporal frames of reference. These words are respectively to FRONT and BEHIND terms. They originally mean spatial directions with a deictic center. When being transferred to the domain of time, they appear in three situations: 1. Expressing the ‘future/past’ meanings correlating with an absolute frame of reference which motivates both dynamic and static temporal events, the orientation of the absolute frame of reference in Vietnamese is provided by the arrow of time; 2. Expressing the ‘past/future’ meanings correlating with an intrinsic frame of reference, this frame of reference applies for binary temporal relations which encompass deictic events and earlier/later relations, FRONT is mapped onto the past in both cases.; 3. Expressing ternary temporal relations correlating with a relative frame of reference: we argue that two variants of the relative frame of reference proposed by Bender and colleagues [1, 2] cannot be applied to describe ternary temporal relations in Vietnamese. In this language, if G occurs in the future, FRONT is assigned to the past of G which is the V’s future, and BEHIND to G’s future, whereas if G occurs in the past, FRONT is assigned to the G’s past, and BEHIND to G’s future which is also Ego’s past. The only difference between the intrinsic and the relative frame of reference in Vietnamese, therefore, is whether or not the Ground coincides with the Ego.