Interpretation Procedures Research Articles

Interpretation of legal norms in modern jurisprudence

The purpose of the research was to consider appropriate forms of interpretation of legal norms in modern jurisprudence. In the main content it has been established that the interpretation results in a general conclusion or a sum of conclusions reached by the subject of interpretation in the process of clarification of the rule of law (legal norms), using the whole set of methods of interpretation, which is appropriate to the legal reality. The methodological basis of the research was presented as comparative-legal and systematic analysis, formal-legal method, as well as hermeneutic method, method of analysis and synthesis. It has been concluded that the procedure for achieving the purpose of interpretation should be as follows: grammatical interpretation - teleological interpretation - clarification of the conformity of the essence of the content of the legal norm with the principles of law - systematic interpretation - special legal interpretation - logical interpretation - functional interpretation - historical interpretation - repeated application of the interpretation procedure upon receipt of new data. If this procedure is properly followed, it is possible to achieve the conditions for the achievement of an adequate legal hermeneutics, which places the texts in their context of meaning.

Eosin Nigrosin staining technique in assessment of sperm vitality in medical laboratories – A snippet from our experience on implementing the staining, interpretation and quality control procedures

Eosin Nigrosin staining for assessment of sperm vitality is an essential component of basic semen analysis as it helps differentiate between dead and immotile sperms, and has clinical implications in terms of patient treatment and follow up. This staining technique involves minimal use of reagents and simple procedural steps. Standardization of the same is pertinent to warrant accurate and reproducible results in medical laboratories, even those not specialized in infertility care. We wish to share our hands on experience through various stages in implementing this staining technique from challenges faced to putting quality control processes in place as reference for peers.

A relation between undrained CPTu results and the state parameter for liquefiable soils

This paper presents a new interpretation procedure to estimate the initial state parameter from cone penetration testing (CPTu) in undrained conditions based on the results from a comprehensive set of numerical simulations of CPTu in low permeability liquefiable soil. CPTu simulations are performed using the Particle Finite Element Method, whereas the material response is modelled with the Clay and Sand Model. The effects of soil constitutive parameters and roughness of the soil–steel interface are examined. It turns out that the numerical results are correctly summarized by an analytical relation derived from undrained cavity expansion results in critical state soils, as long as the constraints resulting from cone geometry are taken into account. The resulting adapted analytical formulation is notable for its simplicity and ease of use, comparing favorably with existing alternatives.

Feasibility of percutaneous dural sac puncture via a posterior trans-sacral foraminal conduit approach: a CT morphometric analysis.

We assess the theoretical feasibility of percutaneous posterior sacral foramen (pSF) needle puncture of the sacral dural sac (DS) by studying the three-dimensional imaging anatomy of pSFs relative to the sacral canal (SC). On CT images of 40 healthy subjects, we retrospectively studied sacral alae passageways from SC to pSFs in all three planes to determine if an imaginary spinal needle could theoretically traverse S1 or S2 pSFs in a straight path toward DS. If not straight, we measured multiplane angulations and morphometrics of this route. We found no straight connections between S1 or S2 pSFs and SC. Instead, there were bilateral spatially complex dorsoventral M-shaped "foraminal conduits" (FCs; common, ventral, and dorsal) from SC to anterior SFs and pSFs that would prevent percutaneous straight needle puncture of the DS. This detailed knowledge of the sacral FCs will be useful for accurate imaging interpretation and interventional procedures on the sacrum.

Toward Explainable Dialogue System Using Two-stage Response Generation

In recent years, neural networks have achieved impressive performance on dialogue response generation. However, most of these models still suffer from some shortcomings, such as yielding uninformative responses and lacking explainable ability. This article proposes a Two-stage Dialogue Response Generation model (TSRG), which specifies a method to generate diverse and informative responses based on an interpretable procedure between stages. TSRG involves a two-stage framework that generates a candidate response first and then instantiates it as the final response. The positional information and a resident token are injected into the candidate response to stabilize the multi-stage framework, alleviating the shortcomings in the multi-stage framework. Additionally, TSRG allows adjusting and interpreting the interaction pattern between the two generation stages, making the generation response somewhat explainable and controllable. We evaluate the proposed model on three dialogue datasets that contain millions of single-turn message-response pairs between web users. The results show that, compared with the previous multi-stage dialogue generation models, TSRG can produce more diverse and informative responses and maintain fluency and relevance.

An Interpretable Machine Learning Procedure Which Unravels Hidden Interplanetary Drivers of the Low Latitude Dayside Magnetopause

AbstractIn this study, we propose an interpretable machine learning procedure to unravel the importance of multiple interplanetary parameters to the Earth's magnetopause standoff distance (MSD). We construct the interpretable procedure based on SHapley Additive exPlanations. A magnetopause crossings database from the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms satellites and the multiple interplanetary parameters from OMNI during the period of 2007–2016 are utilized. The solar wind dynamic pressure and the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) BZ are widely suggested as the important two interplanetary parameters that drive the MSD. However, the examination of the interpretable procedure suggests that the magnitude of the IMF is the second significant parameter after the dynamic pressure. Although the magnetic pressure, which is the function of the IMF magnitude was considered in previous studies, the importance of the IMF magnitude was underestimated. The interpretable procedure also reveals that the IMF magnitude and the BZ have different effects on the MSD. Their joint effect is the formation of the MSD sag near BZ = 5 nT. This is for the first time the interpretable concept is being applied to construct a machine‐learning magnetopause model.

Lithosphere Density Model of the Middle Urals Segment

For the Middle and North Urals segments and adjacent territories of the East European Platform and West Siberian Plate (within the graticular trapezoid with geographic coordinates 53–65° N, 48–72° E), ten deep seismic sounding (DSS) profiles were reprocessed using two-dimensional (2D) seismic tomography method, and gradient sections of crustal velocities were constructed in the form of grid functions. In the same format, density sections were constructed. The coefficients of density–velocity empirical correlation were calculated using the solution algorithm of 2D inverse problem of gravimetry. The method and calculation technology of a three-dimensional (3D) density distribution with tying to 2D data from reference seismic sections are embedded in the procedure of quantitative interpretation of potential fields with construction of 3D geophysical models. A stable solution of the 3D inverse problem of gravimetry is sought on the correctness set of the family of horizontal layers with 2D density distribution.

Civil-legal regulation of will interpretation by heirs: problem aspects of determining content elements.

The article analyzes the civil law regulation of will interpretation by heirs. The generic concept of "testament interpretation" is defined through the unity of interpretation-clarification and interpretation-clarification of the testator's valid expression of will. The position is expressed that the results of the interpretation of the will should not be recognized as a separate element in the structure of the concept of "interpretation of the will", but it is advisable to include them in the interpretation-clarification. The position on the application of the civil law rule on the interpretation of the will is substantiated to the cases of interpretation of the will by one heir. Proposed criteria for the classification of will interpretation. The relationship between the norms on the interpretation of the deed (Article 213 of the Civil Code of Ukraine) and the interpretation of the will (Article 1256 of the Civil Code of Ukraine) has been established. It was established that as a general and a special norm, Art. 213 and Part 2 of Art. 1256 of the Central Committee of Ukraine. It was concluded that the procedure of judicial interpretation of the deed can be applied only to the process of judicial interpretation of the will. The position on the expediency of additional legislative regulation of the procedure of interpretation of the will by heirs is substantiated.
 The position on the provision in the current civil legislation of the possibility of concluding an agreement on the distribution of inherited property between the heirs based on the results of the interpretation of the will is favorably evaluated. It is stated that the interpretation of the will by the heirs after the opening of the inheritance is the primary stage of the realization of the right to inheritance. In contrast to the interpretation of the will by the heirs, the basis for the interpretation of the will by the court is the existence of a dispute between the parties to the deed regarding inaccuracies in its content. Attention is focused on the peculiarities of the interpretation of the will by the heirs during the war or state of emergency. The moment of interpretation of the will by the heirs under such circumstances may be postponed to the period of restoration of the opportunity to register the inheritance case in the Inheritance Register. The position of recognizing the right to interpret the will only for the heirs under the will is supported. It was established that the interpretation of the will by the heirs and the court is subject to a common goal - to establish the valid will of the testator regarding the disposal of the inherited property after his death.

Music, Documentaries and Globalization

This paper deals with the relationship between sound and image as expressed in the cinematic genre of music documentary. In particular, it tries to explore the way in which musical cultures are audiovisually expressed through filmic representation of music performances and artists/groups portraits. By applying a critical and comparative approach, the films Buena Vista Social Club (1999) and Café de los Maestros (2008) become vehicles to investigate images and sounds of music in everyday life, with an emphasis on the impact of globalization and commercialization during their creation and interpretation procedures. The focus is on the commercial exploitation of these films in the context of world capitalism and the way in which it influences the construction of visual representations of non-European musical cultures and identities, as cultural industry shares today a comparable postmodern situation through the concepts of “world music” and “world cinema”. In this light, the paper discusses Latin American (Cuban and Argentine) identities and local music cultures which spread internationally via films and gain a place in the global music scene. Consequently, it points towards issues of authenticity, nostalgia, exoticism, hybridity, folklorization, and the Western domination upon musics as well as films.

On Obstacles and Strategies of International Medical Conference Interpreting - Take the 2nd China SMA Conference as an Example

There is a growing need of quality medical conference interpreters worldwide, yet conference interpreting in medical setting is bristled with difficulties for even experienced interpreters. To address these issues, this study cites the video of the 2nd China SMA (Spinal Muscular Atrophy) Conference as a corpus and makes an in-depth analysis of it under the guidance of the Interpretive Theory. Through a series of data mining on issues related to speech such as pre-post conferences situation, interpretation procedures and skills employed, the study summarizes the triple difficulties during interpretation and conveys solutions by adopting a qualitative approach. It further highlights some new strategies to train more professional interpreters based on the discussions above. The result of this study contributes to the improvement in the quality of medical interpreting, the increasing research to medical conference interpretation and eventually help meet the surging need of medical interpreters in the health care industry.

Assessment of Co-Occurring Disabilities in Young Children Who are Deaf and Hard of Hearing

Overall, the literature is clear that more research is needed on various assessment techniques for identifying co-occurring disabilities in young children who are deaf and hard of hearing (DHH). As individualized, norm-referenced assessment measures are updated to keep up with the changing demographics of the United States, there appears to be more of an effort to include children with various disabilities within the standardization samples; however, the communication barriers and required assessment accommodations remain the most salient with DHH students. Because accommodations are test-specific, psychologists must be cognizant of the accommodation and interpretation procedures of each test they select for an assessment battery when attempting to determine co-occurring diagnoses or special education eligibility categories for young children who are DHH. This article reviews the literature on the assessment of common co-occurring disabilities in young children, including intellectual disability, specific learning disability, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and emotional and behavioral disorders.

Optimized Detection of Unknown MET Exon 14 Skipping Mutations in Routine Testing for Patients With Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

MET exon 14 (METex14) skipping is an actionable biomarker in non-small-cell lung cancer. However, MET variants are highly complex and diverse, and not all variants lead to exon 14 skipping. Assessing the skipping effect of unknown variants is still a key issue in molecular diagnosis. We retrospectively collected MET variants around exon 14 from 4,233 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer who underwent next-generation sequencing testing using DNA, as well as two published data sets. Among the 4,233 patients, 44 unique variants including 29 novel variants (65.9%) were discovered from 53 patients. Notably, 31 samples (58.5%) failed RNA verification. Using RNA verification, nine novel skipping variants and five nonskipping variants were confirmed. We further used SpliceAI with the delta score cutoff of 0.315 to aid the classification of novel variants (sensitivity = 98.88% and specificity = 100%). When applied to the reported variants, we also found three wrongly classified nonskipping variants. Finally, an optimized knowledge-based interpretation procedure for clinical routine was built according to the mutation type and location, and five more skipping mutations from the 13 unknown variants were determined, which improved the population determination rate to 0.92%. This study discovered more METex14 skipping variants and optimized an innovative approach that could be adapted for the interpretation of infrequent or novel METex14 variants timely without experimental validation.

Alternative approaches to clinical electrophysiology

Purpose: Creation of a device and a new methodology for registering an electrocardiogram that does not require fixation of dogs and impose electrodes.Materials and methods. Two groups have formed that included clinically healthy 12 dogs of small breeds with a weight category of 10 kg, age restrictions were from 3 to 5 years. Electrocardiograms were recorded as a standard veterinary electrocardiogram, so on the CONAN hardware and software, using standard I, II, III ECG of lead. Electrodes "Crocodile" were fixed on the skin of the pelvic folds, the skin near the elbow joint. The second stage of the study was based on the creation of a contact platform capable of registering a nervous impulse. The proposed methodology for registering electrophysiological activity of the heart is based on the creation of mycal electrodes that can perceive indications in the position of the studied animal standing, excluding a stressful effect, lowering the degree of excitation. The third stage of the study was to register an electrocardiogram through a contact site, followed by assessment and comparison with classical methods.Results. In the testimony of atrial and ventricular complexes, when using both methods, there were no differences. The amplitude is preserved, the distance between the intervals did not change. During the observation, the lack of pronounced excitement in dogs was revealed when using the simulated site, which, in turn, facilitates the interpretation procedure. The observation revealed a reduction in the time spent on research when using an experimental methodology.

Jansenism between Theology and Politics. On Herder's interpretation of Jansenism

Jansenism was a special kind of political theology and a real chapter in the history of European civilization. Even in our days, it is not considered completely revealed. The term "political theology" is a special category since it is the final outcome of prolonged research and interpretation procedures. These outcomes are hardly useful as footnotes only behind the term itself. They are rather to be mentioned in further explanations. Nevertheless, any political theology is primarily theology. Its political dimensions are determined partly through the perceived and verified position in its real-time society, and partly by primary and complete interpretation through biblical exegesis and dogmata which were understood as political acts contemporarily (but perhaps also later). Luther's criticism of selling indulgences may have been a simple and striking example. The practice of selling indulgences was undoubtedly a theological problem, but there was inevitable (as it really happened) its political nature too. In the case of creating sometimes a typology of "political" theologies it would be certainly interesting to study its relevant types. Nevertheless, it is clear that there are generally existing types of politically converted theology which return in similar forms from time to time with their own historical depth. Therefore it is not necessary to generate it repeatedly as a new discovery while targeting a way of thinking of any specific era. Political theology, as it must always be emphasized, is primarily theology. However, its conversion to a political one may be caused (as it was mentioned above) by a huge number of factors, let alone real historical incidences by any fortune. Thus, it is obvious that the theological factor is predominant in any interpretation. This way, reconstruction of the same factor is a key to opening the gate to political interpretation. Anyway, this dominancy even by recognising its nature cannot disguise the political background. Regarding these, transparency and intellectual courage are necessary to any interpretation since political struggle fought out in the medium of theology may discover substantial secrets as well.

Usando Modelos de Linguagem Baseados em Aprendizado Profundo como Ferramentas de Auxílio em Pesquisa Interpretativa

ABSTRACT Objective: the paper introduces a framework for conducting interpretive research using deep learning algorithms that blur the boundaries between qualitative and quantitative approaches. The work evidences how research might benefit from an integrated approach that uses computational tools to overcome traditional limitations. Proposal: the increased availability and diversity of data raises the utility of algorithms as research tools for social scientists. Furthermore, tuning and using such computational artifacts may benefit from interpretive procedures. Such circumstances turn the traditional debate between quantitative and qualitative research on its head: the research strategy that likely yields the most assertiveness and rigor is the one that may require vigorous hermeneutic effort. Along these lines, neural word embeddings can be instrumental in allowing researchers to read the data closely before and after interpretation. Conclusions: to take advantage of the opportunity generated by these new algorithms, researchers may broaden their previous conceptions and adopt a participative point of view. In the coming decades, the interweaving of computational and interpretive methods has the potential to integrate rigorous social science research.

Indicator plants of anthropogenic disturbances: Scientific approach, educational technologies

The technology of using the indicative properties of plants both for obtaining scientific results and teaching this technique to students and young scientists is proposed for implementation. Aspects of research organization and didactic work in the implementation of the environmental monitoring program of Donbass are highlighted. Over the period of research (1996-2023), high levels of pollution and anthropogenic transformation of ecosystems in the industrial areas of Eastern Europe have been established. The data are based both on experiments in open landscapes and laboratory conditions, special procedures for statistical processing and interpretation of the results. These localities of intensive economic use are the places of great scientific and applied interest to ecologists and educators in this area. Indicator plants are visual objects in the knowledge of the fundamental nature and practical use for information about the quality of the environment. In scientific and educational activities the following are important: organization of a laboratory, availability of equipment, functioning of a museum, a card-index, a herbarium fund, the possibility of introducing case studies technology, the theory of solving inventive tasks, conducting interactive lectures, seminars, demonstration experiments and special modern technologies for training environmental specialists – modeling and land-use forecasting and urbanized environment. Methods of implementation of scientific and pedagogical experiment on phytomonitoring and ecological expertise with the help of plants have been introduced into work with students, postgraduates and young scientists of the Department of Botany and Ecology of Donetsk State University.

Феномен интердискурсивности в контексте формирования авторской картины мира в жанре фантастики

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the cognitive mechanisms of making the author’s world view in the context of discourse interaction. The article deals with the with the elements of scientific discourse functioning in English literary texts. The research aims at revealing correspondences between scientific notions and literary concepts constituting the author's world view. As the article shows, being the elements of discourse, the mental structures determine the procedures of generation and interpretation of the literary fiction text. Viewed from the cognitive aspect, such procedures consist in constituting a new cognitive image of the world on the basis of various discourse markers (scientific terms, syntactic patterns, etc.). Considering the semantic potential of scientific discourse markers, the author reveals the influence of the scientific worldview on the author’s world view. The analysis of text fragments enables the author to conclude that the study of discourse interaction can prove useful in text analysis as it may help in revealing the specificity of an author’s world view and a reader’s interpretation of the text. The realized perspective of the research allows us to reveal an important line of interaction between the scientific and literary world views.

LETRAMENTOS ACADÊMICO-CIENTÍFICOS: O ENSINO DA ESCRITA NA UNIVERSIDADE TECNOLÓGICA FEDERAL DO PARANÁ

ABSTRACT: This study is part of the Academic Literacy Project (2019-2022), a collaborative study carried out among four public universities in the State of Paraná. This paper aims at describing the academic-scientific literacy actions in the undergraduate courses of the Federal University of Technology - Paraná, by means of mapping the courses transcripts from Campus Curitiba. A mixed sequential exploratory method (TASHAKKORI; CRESWELL, 2007) was applied with interpretative, deductive, and inductive analysis procedures, considering the peculiarities of each course. At first, we built an inventory with keywords based on the conceptions of professional, academic, and scientific literacies. Next, an analysis of the content from the transcripts was carried out in the light of the theories and models of Academic Literacies (LEA; STREET, 1998; FIAD, 2011), named study skills, academic socialization, and academic literacies. Results indicate that there are few disciplines which offer the teaching of genre and, among the ones that do, focus on teaching of the study skills and academic socialization models.

Ensuring quality obstetric care in rural Ghana: Shared experiences of obstetric care providers

PurposeTo explore care provider lived experiences with obstetric care delivery in rural Ghana. MethodsThis interpretative phenomenological study utilised a semi-structured interview guide to collect data on care provider lived experiences with obstetric care delivery. Participants comprised purposively sampled obstetric care providers in selected health care facilities in the Northern Region of Ghana. Data processing and presentation followed interpretative phenomenological analysis procedure. ResultsFindings reveal four superordinate themes: being persuasive, striving to provide quality care, using evasive mechanisms and subtle preventive schemes. These specifically refer to the use of alternative care, soliciting partner involvement, voluntarily donating blood, stocking essential items and drugs, refusing care in some instances and performing unconsented interventions. ConclusionIn their quest to provide quality care, obstetric care providers in some of Ghana’s rural health facilities adopt a mix of altruistic, innovative, excessive and unethical approaches most of which are driven by systemic failures. A government-community collaboration and commitment to quality maternal health care delivery is essential to improving health outcomes of rural mothers.

НЕЙРОСЕТЕВАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ДЛЯ СЕГМЕНТАЦИИ КОСМИЧЕСКИХ СНИМКОВ В МОНИТОРИНГЕ ФАКТОРОВ ОБЕЗЛЕСЕНИЯ ТЕРРИТОРИИ

The article deals with the important problem of applying neural network models in the tasks of monitoring the condition of forest areas using optical satellite images. Objective. The objective of this research was to develop a neural network model of forest felling suitable for automation of decoding multispectral Sentinel-2 satellite images in forest monitoring tasks in the example of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. Materials and Methods. The basis of the developed model was the forest harvesting satellite images segmentation procedure based on the convolutional neural network of deep learning. Sentinel-2 data interpretation was done using the modern QGIS geoinformation system. Over 990 pairs of multi-temporal space images of the forest territories of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug in winter (snow) period of 2018–2022 were processed to prepare the training data set. More than 70 000 images of the training data set and corresponding masks of forest cutting contours were generated with these images. Results. As a result of this work, a neural network model of forest felling was created, which implements efficient segmentation of space images, which allowed automating the labor-intensive procedure of interpretation of multispectral Sentinel-2 images in order to identify forest logging contours. The set of training data totally 70 000 frames was divided into the training, validation (test) and test (control) samples, the amount of which for the deve¬lopment of the neural network model of forest felling was 58 000, 10 000 and 3600 frames respectively. The novelty of the model is determined, on the one hand, by the use of winter (snow) satellite images for training the neural network and, on the other hand, by the use of pairs of images acquired before and after forest felling. Recall, Precision and F-measure metrics were used as the criteria to evaluate the accuracy of the trained neural network model, and the values were calculated from the test sample. The calculated accuracy of felling detection using the proposed model on the test sample of data on different metrics reaches 85–87%. Conclusion. The developed neural network model of forest felling can be used for monitoring and mapping of forest resources of the northern forestry territories of Russia using multispectral Sentinel-2 satellite images.