International Road Transport Research Articles

ВПЛИВ ВІЙНИ НА МІЖНАРОДНІ ТРАНСПОРТНІ ПЕРЕВЕЗЕННЯ УКРАЇНИ

The article found that the full-scale war in Ukraine had a strong impact on international transportation. The structure of the volume of cargo transportation and the number of transported passengers were analyzed. It was determined that there is uncertainty in the market of international freight transportation of Ukraine during the studied period. On the one hand, the war had a negative impact on the country's economy and led to a decrease in the volume of cargo transportation. On the other hand, Ukraine is an important transit country through which key logistics routes connecting Europe and Asia pass. It was established that the blocking of air transport and sea trade, with the exception of the "Grain Initiative", led to a radical change in the structure of domestic import/export and the leadership of land corridors. Global transformations in world trade caused by the war in Ukraine also affected the configuration of existing supply chains, Ukrainian exports were completely reoriented towards the EU. It is indicated that Ukraine's signing of an agreement on visa-free transport cooperation with the European Union has opened up new prospects for bilateral international road transport, freeing Ukrainian carriers from the need to obtain permits for flights to EU countries. However, there are also negative trends that affect the growth of transport services and, as a result, decrease the competitiveness of transport companies. A list of legislative and regulatory innovations and organizational measures aimed at improving international transportation is given. It is argued that a successful solution for the recovery of the country will be the integration of the Ukrainian economy into the EU economic system with the help of various European logistics and infrastructure projects. It was determined that the key factors in the normalization of transportation were: the conclusion of the "Grain Initiative" with the UN and Turkey, which allowed to unblock the ports of Great Odesa; signing the Agreement on the Liberalization of Road Freight Transportation with the EU; development of border infrastructure, in particular, increasing the capacity of existing road and railway checkpoints, as well as the opening of new ones; increasing cargo handling in the ports of the Danube port cluster.

About Failure of the LPG Tank Fastening Welds on the Chassis of Trucks

Abstract The international road transport of dangerous goods is subject to strict regulations. Traffic realities and experiences accumulated as a result of periodic inspections of specific equipment (tanks) lead to their constant updating and improvement. This article is focused to a study related to the appearance over time of some cracks in the welded joints between the tank and the mounting supports on the truck chassis.

Genesis of unification of EU law into national legislation of Ukraine in sphere of international road transport security

Genesis of unification of EU law into national legislation of Ukraine in sphere of international road transport security

Development of transport logistics in tourism

The purpose of the proposed article is a theoretical study of the current state and prospects for the development of transport logistics in Ukraine, determination of the list of factors and limitations that determine the specificity of logistics in tourism. The methodology is based on scientific and special research methods. Methods of analysis, synthesis, systematization, classification, generalization of economic and methodical literature, scientific publications were used. Scientific novely. Research on the development of theoretical and methodological foundations of international transport and, especially, automobile networks in the conditions of world globalization and the substantiation of practical recommendations and approaches for improving the logistics of international road transportation in tourism. Conclusions.. The article deals with important problems of transport logistics in tourism. An analysis of the real state of development of transport logistics in Ukraine and its place in tourism has been carried out. It was determined that the prospects for the development of the logistics services market in Ukraine directly depend on the state of the country’s economy. It has been proven that the use of logistic principles and techniques in the management of tourist firms makes it possible to significantly increase the profitability of the tourist business by reducing costs and increasing the level of logistical coordination of all tourist service operations. The complex of components of the tourist service includes means of accommodation and food for tourists, means of their transportation, software and excursion support, informational and financial services, etc.

The consignment note and the community license – confirmative tools for the execution of the contract for the international carriage of goods by road on the territory of the European Union

The present clause covers the characteristics and ways of functioning of the relationship between the consignment note and the community license in the context of carrying out international road transport operations besides the territory of the European Union. Given that the community license can be identified as an analogue of the C.E.M.T. authorization, issued exclusively on the territory of the European Union, the description of its content, particularities, as well as of the way of its obtain, establishes an aspects of interest for an research of the European Union’s legislati-on in the field of international transport of goods by road. In respect that, in its spareness the community license can not produce legal effects on the territory of the community space, the necessity of examining the nominated kind in terms of the existing multilateral framework and the legislation of the European Union which settles the operations of road transport of goods is attested in this regard.

Construction of a simulation model of goods delivery in international road transportation taking into account the functioning efficiency of logistics supply chain

The object of this study is the process of goods delivery in international road transport using various types of logistics chains. The problem being solved is due to the need to develop recommendations for exporters of goods to reformat or design new supply chains during wartime. The expediency of organizing foreign trade operations by the cargo owners' own forces or with the involvement of enterprises providing logistics consulting services is considered. A simulation model of goods delivery in international road traffic was built and implemented in the GPSS World simulation automation package. The model involves the optimization of organizational and technological processes related to the activity of both a separate link and the entire supply chain. The study takes into account the components of the time characteristics of the performance of preparatory work when establishing cooperation with institutions and organizations, as well as the direct service of the exporter. The application of the developed model in practical activities will provide an opportunity for exporters to obtain information about the duration and reliability of the stages of a foreign trade operation and the feasibility of involving consulting enterprises in cooperation. At the same time, the simulation results reflect the performance indicators of the proposed supply chains when delivering goods by road transport along various routes. The proposed simulation model will make it possible to reduce the time spent searching for links in the formation of a supply chain by 8–12 %, and the duration of a foreign trade operation by 10–14 %. Thus, the reliability of cooperation with intermediary organizations will increase by 8–11 %

Пропозиції щодо удосконалення правового регулювання використання тахографів на автомобільному транспорті

The probability of death or serious injury in an accident with a road vehicle involved is almost 50% higher compared to other accidents due to the large size and mass of the vehicles involved, as well as due to the fact the driver who fell asleep cannot undertake braking or motion to a side , to avoid a collision or abate an impact. Although it is impossible to calculate the exact number of fatigue-related crashes, studies show that driver fatigue may be a contributing factor in about 20% of all traffic crashes and approximately 25% of all fatal and serious injury crashes. In order to reduce the number of road accidents by means preventing the driving by tired drivers of com-mercial vehicles with a gross weight of more than 3.5 ton, as well as those that carry more than 9 people in the pro-cess of road transportation, tachograph systems have been implemented in many countries. The major documents implementing the tachograph systems (depending on the country) are Regulation (EC) No. 561/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council or the European agreement concerning the work of crews of vehicles engaged in international road transport (AETR). In order to contribute to the improvement of the level of safety during the internal road transportation of passengers and cargo, Ukraine, in accordance with the Association Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part, has undertaken to implement the requirements of the Council Regulation (EEC) No. 3821/85 and Regulation (EC) No. 561/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council in the legislative and regulatory acts of Ukraine. When implementing the requirements of the aforementioned Regulations into the legislative and regulatory acts of Ukraine, it is necessary to take into account the recent changes to the specified documents, as well as the introduc-tion into the EU legislation of associate documents that are directly related to the aforementioned Regulations. Keywords: road safety, tachograph system.

On some approaches to assessing the effectiveness of supply chains

The authors of a scientific publication systematize and classify approaches to assessing the effectiveness of supply chains. Since the list of proposals, measures and activities for solving supply chain problems caused by sanctions is constantly updated both due to the development of experience in solving problems, and due to the increase in the number of problems in connection with the adoption of new packages of sanctions, it is necessary to periodically research and tune the criteria for assessing the effectiveness of supply chains. As a result of the study, the authors of the scientific publication identified four classes of approaches and corresponding criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of supply chains: classical economic approaches and criteria for evaluating efficiency; approaches based on the assessment of compliance with the developed standards; multicriteria approaches; approaches based on the assessment of business development barriers and, accordingly, its supply chains. With regard to classical economic approaches and performance evaluation criteria in the form of indicators traditionally used for any type of business, one can note the validity of their application in a large number of business situations. The second class of approaches is applicable in practice only if there are developed and justified supply chain standards. Most often, in this case, the justification is the recognition of the developed standard by an association of professionals, for example, the MRP I, MRP II and MRP III standards. A multi-criteria approach to evaluating supply chains would be quite logical. This is due to the fact that supply chains (if they are not shortened, which are mainly operated by 1PL-operators or 2PL-operators) are large systems. The fourth class of approaches could also be used, since in practice there is experience of its application with respect to one of the components of the supply chains, the essence of the approach was an integral assessment of barriers to the development of international road transport.

Organizing the regime of work and rest of drivers on mountain roads

Mountain roads in Kyrgyzstan are characterized a large difference in altitude above sea level. Above 2,000 meters above sea level, drivers develop symptoms of altitude sickness. The aim of the study is to study the effect of atmospheric pressure on the body of a vehicle driver in mountainous conditions. The Bishkek-Naryn-Torugart international highway was chosen as an object. Control point No. 1 is located on the Torugart pass near the border with China (altitude is 3752 meters above sea level). Checkpoint No. 2 is located near the village of At-Bashy (altitude above sea level is 2046 meters). Control point No. 3 is located near the village of Kemin (altitude 1120 meters above sea level). The results of the study showed that blood pressure indicators change along the considered route depending on the height above sea level. For example, pressure indicators of 140-159 / 90-99 were observed in 24% of drivers at point No. 1, 19% at point No. 2 and only 5% at point No. 3. Blood pressure 160-179 / 100-109 (moderate hypertension) was observed in 7% of drivers in point 1 and in 5% of drivers in point 2. The main reason for the increase in pressure was a violation of the mode of work and rest of drivers. As a result, standards for the work of drivers of international road transport in high altitude conditions were developed and measures were proposed for the mandatory organization of rest places for drivers on the Bishkek-Naryn-Torugart road.

Analysis of the international road freight transport market in Ukraine under martial law

The article analyses the current state of the Ukrainian market of international road freight transport under martial law and describes the operational, tactical and strategic problems faced by road transport enterprises (RTEs) involved in this segment of transport. Despite the ongoing war with the russian federation and its negative impact on the Ukrainian economy, the financial and economic indicators of the domestic road transport industry demonstrate positive dynamics, especially in the segment of international road transport. An analysis of cargo transportation volumes over the past sixteen years has shown that the share of road freight in total cargo turnover has been systematically increasing. This is due to a number of global and local trends in the international freight transport market in Europe, including an increase in the volume of consumption of products by the population, growing demand for road transport services, the convenience of door-to-door delivery, the development of multimodal transport, etc., and in Ukraine, the reorientation of large volumes of agricultural products from sea to land transport. With a view to analysing the current state and forecasting further development of the Ukrainian market of international road freight transport, the article builds a SWOT-matrix, which allowed to allocate the categories relevant for domestic carriers for strategic planning. Based on the results of the analysis, it was concluded that modern geopolitical realities require the development and implementation of new scientific approaches that will ensure the competitiveness of domestic international road carriers in the context of European integration and an increased degree of protection of road transport and warehouse infrastructure.

Development of international road transport services in the Kyrgyz Republic under the EAEU conditions

The paper considers the development of international road transport services in the prism of digitalization of its processes. The current state of international road transport in the Kyrgyz Republics analyzed. Projects and expected effects of digital transformation are described. The EAEU, including the Kyrgyz Republic, has significant transport and transit potential, for the implementation of which a project on the formation of a digital ecosystem of transport corridors was launched in September 2021. The development of transport corridor services is a key aspect of the development of unhindered movement of goods in the EAEU space and can provide conditions conducive to the restoration of economic activity of the Kyrgyz Republic and its partners in the Union after restrictions due to the spread of coronavirus infection.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РОЗВИТКУ МІЖНАРОДНИХ ПЕРЕВЕЗЕНЬ ЗАСОБАМИ ВАНТАЖНОГО АВТОТРАНСПОРТУ МІЖ УКРАЇНОЮ ТА КРАЇНАМИ-ЧЛЕНАМИ ЄС

The article examines the current trends in the development of international road transport in the context of cargo transportation by Ukraine with the EU Member States and analyzes the main factors of influence of development factors on the current state of the road transport system based on the technical, legal and economic basis of this type of foreign economic activity. The author considers the concept of "international transportation" and carries out a critical analysis based on the subjective and objective directions of definitions from various sources, characterizes the defining features of road transportation in terms of the regulatory and legal component, and determines the impact of modern challenges on the importance of road transport in Ukraine's foreign trade. The analysis of road transport in international transportation in relation to others is carried out and the technical features of international transportation with the countries of the European Union are characterized. On the basis of current statistical data, the author analyzes the domestic market of freight transport and identifies the main trends in the import of freight transport as a component of international transportation. A review of statistical data on international transportation permits and their impact on the quantitative component of flights to European countries as a factor in the development of international transportation and the corresponding number of vehicles with environmental performance in accordance with European standards is carried out. Based on the current data on the main aspects of cooperation between Ukraine and the EU countries, which include "customs visa-free regime", "transport visa-free regime" and zero rate of customs clearance of motor vehicles as factors of increasing the overall traffic of cargo transportation, the author makes a critical analysis based on the causal vision of the current development of international transportation in the context of the selected land transport connection and the factors hindering the development of international transportation, taking into account the operational component of international transportation processes. The article provides recommendations for solving the urgent problem of queues at customs checkpoints for selected international connections for the transportation of goods by road by optimizing the processes of existing transportation in terms of intermodal and multimodal format using rail and road modes of communication as one of the ways to achieve the overall synergistic effect of transportation, taking into account the main logistics criteria for transportation efficiency: time, distance and cargo safety.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЦІНОУТВОРЕННЯ МІЖНАРОДНИХ ТРАНСПОРТНИХ ПОСЛУГ

The article is devoted to the study of the pricing of international bus transportation based on the value of the service for consumers. The object of research is the value of passenger road transport services. The purpose of the work is to study the factors that determine the value of international road transportation services from the point of view of their influence on the pricing of international bus transportation. Research method - methods of survey, synthesis and analysis, expert assessment. Pricing based on the value of the service will help to ensure the success of transport companies in the long term. In the conditions of martial law, the demand for international transportation is increasing, the price is also increasing, but the discrepancy between the quality and price of transport services remains, which leads to dissatisfaction of passengers with the services of most carrier companies. The survey of passengers of international bus routes made it possible to determine a number of factors that determine the consumer value of international bus transportation for Ukrainians. With the help of an expert assessment, it was determined that the most significant factors from the point of view of the value of international transportation are the condition of vehicles, comfort and professionalism and courtesy of drivers. Consistency of experts' opinions is confirmed by the coefficient of concordance and rank correlation. In the future, the results of the research can be used by motor transport companies when developing a pricing strategy for international bus transportation. Prognostic assumptions regarding the development of the object of research - the development of a pricing strategy based on the expectations of passengers of international bus routes.

Organization of international road transport

The article describes the system of delivery organization, namely moving any material objects or substances from one place to another on the optimal route. It is highlighted that the transportation is one of the basic directions of science about management of information and material flows in the process of movement of goods, which is extremely important, because transport logistics is one of the components of commodity price formation. Theoretical issues regarding the organization of international road transport have been identified. The legal basis of road, cargo and passenger transportation has been opened. The classification of cargo transportations and cargoes was mentioned, as well as primary main documentation at customs registration. The peculiarities of the organization of international road transport are justified. The main law defining the subject of the article is the Law of Ukraine «On Road Transport» dated 05.04.2001 № 2344-III (hereinafter – Law № 2344). The basic requirements to cars and the list of documents without which it is not possible are specified. The main task of the development of the transport and road complex of Ukraine till 2023 is to determine ways of solving problems of further development of the transport industry, increase of demand for transport services, intensification processes of integration of the transport and road complex of Ukraine into the European and world transport systems. The competitive transport complex is a component of the development of the national economy of each country and the basis of its integration into the world economy. The share of transport services in the GDP of Ukraine is about 14%. In recent years, the market of transport services of Ukraine has been characterized by steady growth. The urgency of the research is conditioned by the fact that the main task of the system of rendering services on international transportation by automobile transport is to increase its efficiency due to further optimization of its structure, wide application of modern organizational forms and technologies, improvement of legal norms and increase of the role of the system governing bodies, which will meet the requirements of the market of services. Keywords: transportation, logistics, cargo, road transportation, delivery

Особливості управління ланцюгами постачань продуктів харчування в умовах воєнного стану в Україні

The article study the impact of military actions in Ukraine on the food and transport sectors, both in the world and in Ukraine, also the speciality of formation food products supply chains under such conditions are examined. The procedure for international road transportation is also defined. Emphasized that effective food products supply chain management and, as a result, the availability of necessary food products on store shelves, prevents consumers from panick. The article formulates conclusions and develops proposals for effective food products supply chain management. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the conceptual provisions of management and the theory of logistics, analytical reports of international organizations and well-known global companies in the field of logistics and transportation.The method of comparative analysis, synthesis and generalization was used to determine the state of food products supply chains.

Essential, lonely and exploited: why mobile EU workers’ labour rights are not enforced

ABSTRACT Labour mobility within the European Union (EU) is still increasing, and often such workers carry out ‘essential’ work. Yet, while EU law accords certain labour and social rights, mobile workers de facto often have only limited rights. We study why especially these ‘essential’ workers are often exploited and focus on enforcement actors – control authorities checking upon and interest representation bodies pushing for workers’ rights. We thereby contribute to broader literature on the precarious character of EU free movement in practice. For one, we offer an analytical framework to grasp enforcement by using the dichotomy of police patrol and fire alarm, each breaking down for willingness and capabilities. For another, we stress the relevance of two factors hampering enforcement: While, as we argue, the demand for cheap labour by economies and societies of destination has an impact on the willingness to see rights guaranteed, the isolation of workers limits the capabilities of both police patrol and fire alarm. We illustrate our argument with empirical evidence from live-in care work and international road transport, mainly based upon semi-structured interviews with control authorities and interest representation bodies in Austria and Germany, and with additional interviews in Poland and Slovenia.

Methodological Foundations of Renewal and Expansion of Car Fleet

Currently, Russian international road transport carriers do not have sufficient potential to successfully compete with their foreign partners. The main reasons for this are significant deterioration of the car fleet and its non-compliance to modern environmental requirements, lack of own funds for timely renovation and development of the motor transport fleet, as well as systemic lag in development of transportation technologies and their logistics support.The objective of the article is to substantiate the choice of rational measures to solve the problem of expanded reproduction of car fleet used in international road haulage. The methodology used in preparation of the article is based on the use of general scientific methods in combination with special methods, including the analysis of statistical data on international road haulage, a comparative analysis of the state of the car fleet of Russian carriers, considering the basic conditions and operational characteristics, classification of the fleet of trucks based on typification of their operational characteristics with subsequent subdivision of this fleet into three main groups, an overview analysis and benchmarking of foreign operating experience and future development of car fleet, an analysis of the economic and legal possibilities of raising funds for renewal of car fleet.The article examines and studies: a) urgency of solving the problem of renewal and expansion of the car fleet used by Russian carriers in international road transportation; b) foreign experience and trends in development of fleet used for international haulage; c) the main directions of providing economic opportunities for transition to expanded renewal of vehicles; d) analysis of the legal possibilities of providing public support for expanded reproduction of the motor transport fleet of Russian international road carriers including through the use of public-private partnerships.Based on the results of the study, proposals have been developed aimed at ensuring renewal and expansion of car fleet and increasing the efficiency of international road haulage operations.

Rolling stock for international motor trucking

International motor transportation in Russia is analyzed. The main directions of cargo transportation, environmental requirements for rolling stock, rules of vehicle admission for transportation under customs seals, peculiarities of vehicle inspection for international transportation for multilateral approvals, and certificate issuance of roadworthiness are studied. The market of rolling stock for international road transportation is described, along with limits on dimensions, total weight and thrust capacity of motor vehicles according to standards of the European Community.

Yevropeiski systemy mytnoho tranzytu ta perspektyvy yikh zastosuvannia v Ukraini

The provisions of key international legal acts on the regulation of international customs transit procedures currently used in Europe are analysed and summarized in the article. In particular, the peculiarities of such European customs transit systems as international road transport using the Carnet TIR, transit on temporary admission using the Carnet ATA, European Union transit, common transit procedure, postal transit, Rhine manifest procedure, and also the transit of goods for the purposes of NATO and other military activities are found out. The main cases and circumstances for application of listed transit procedure types, as well as the main factors influencing their use are established. In addition, the article raises questions about the specifics of international legal regulation of the customs transit procedure within each of the considered European transit systems, as well as the legal basis for their regulation within the European Union and Ukraine, where appropriate. Given that a significant number of European countries are part of the European Union, it is concluded that the common transit and Union transit are the most popular and frequently used customs transit systems. It is stressed that the common transit as a universal tool to facilitate international trade in Europe, that may also be used outside the European Union, is one of the key objects for Ukrainian customs legislation reforms. The latter are obligatory condition for the implementation of the Common transit convention. It is determined that the final formation of the legal framework, active testing of the New Computerized Transit System (NCTS) at the national and later at the international level, will allow Ukraine to fully integrate into this customs transit system, and therefore use all its benefits (in particular, the basic principle: one vehicle — one customs document — one customs guarantee).

Optimization of international road transportation of cargoes in the management of enterprises of agricultural sector and road transport enterprises

To enhance the efficiency of management of enterprises in the agricultural sector, it is necessary to improve logistic processes of delivery of livestock and crop production in the implementation of international road transportation. Delivery of cargo "just in time" is very important, so transportation time planning is relevant and allows reducing costs. The process of planning the delivery of perishable goods was described. The spread of the required time is presented for transportation with a varied degree of stochasticity. It was found that the specifics of customs clearance affect the availability of a certain minimum time required for such a procedure. The time of customs clearance of cargo and delay time affect the deadline for cargo registration in international road transportation. The widest spread of time is observed by the procedure of customs clearance of cargoes that takes from 12 to 25 hours, and the probability of customs clearance is only 0.435. Accordingly, this affects a decrease in indicators of "just in time" delivery. The functional dependence of the probability of transit time not exceeding the planned time was compared, depending on the data of the specified route. Based on probabilistic analysis, the possibility of unplanned deviations from the estimated terms of each stage was taken into account and the optimal set of time intervals, which allow obtaining the optimal probability of "just in time" delivery, was proposed. The total cargo delivery time does not change. The recommendations on formulating the requirements for road transport enterprises were given. Namely, to strengthen the requirements for the time of cargo transit. These requirements include the average speed of motion, the choice of appropriate transport, planning the route in terms of the speed mode of highways, etc.