International Reputation Research Articles

Analysis of Turkish Economy from Macroeconomic and Socio-political Perspective (1923-2023)

The evaluation of economies provides an idea about the direction of countries and determines their international reputations. Economic evaluations hold significant importance for this reason. Evaluations often utilize macroeconomic indicators like real growth rate, unemployment rate, and inflation rate. On the other hand, to honestly evaluate economies, a long-term perspective is required, and it is vital to maintain continuity and have a broad scope. During this process, many factors, such as developments in the external world, geography, language, religion, ethnicity, and customary practices, can have an impact, in addition to macroeconomic factors. However, none of these (except for macroeconomic factors) have as much impact on the development of economies as the institutional factors that form the basis of the socio-political structure. As property rights, freedom of expression, press freedom, judicial independence, and equality of opportunities in the economic, social, and political fields expand in a country; experts anticipate that institutional quality will increase and positively impact economic operations. Findings indicate the necessity of conducting macroeconomic and socio-political performance measurements to evaluate the Turkish economy properly. For 1924-2023, a macroeconomic performance index (MPI) has established for measuring macroeconomic performance, and a socio-political performance index (SPI) for measuring socio-political performance.
 The findings obtained from the studies reveal that in Türkiye, more than ensuring only macroeconomic stability is necessary to achieve satisfactory and lasting economic success. Compromising fundamental rights, freedoms, and socio-economic justice (e.g., income distribution) has achieved stability, but only with temporary effects. The development structure and macroeconomic gains solidify the economic outlook through socio-political developments.

Some Remarks on the Tradition of the “„Viennese School of International Law” in the Context of its Historical Evolution

The article is based on some remarks on the tradition of the so-called Viennese School of International Law analysed by its main historical stages of evolution from its beginnings until today. The Viennese School is presently one of the world’s oldest professional schools in international law. It was and is represented by highly reputable scholars with outstanding achievements. Their determination for teaching, research, including an excellent publication record and its international reputation has a special focus on has a multidisciplinary nature. These are the main parameters of this School. The sources of research are fields related to the legal sciences, especially of the history of teaching and research of international law in Vienna, international relations, sociology and, above all, philosophy. Thus, the School has been valued throughout the world by many scholars of other different schools. The community combining contemporary and modern lawyers, followers and supporters of the Viennese School of International Law, has never had the same interests or common beliefs. However, they share a common method of theoretical thinking and common methodological approaches in the field of international law. Therefore, today the main task of dealing with the objective of the Viennese School of International Law is primarily to strive to understand international law as a separate kind of normative order in a multidisciplinary context.

Vaccine Diplomacy: How COVID-19 Vaccine Distribution in Latin America Increases Trust in Foreign Governments

abstract: Vaccine distribution in the Global South has created opportunities for vaccine-developing countries to improve their international reputations. Leveraging a panel survey conducted in early 2021, this article evaluates whether vaccine diplomacy affects trust in foreign governments in six Latin American countries. Among vaccinated respondents, trust in the government of the country that they believed developed their vaccine increased relative to trust in the governments of other foreign powers. Furthermore, providing information about the aggregate distribution of vaccines within a respondent's country increased vaccine-eligible respondents' trust in the governments of countries from which more vaccines were delivered. In each case, greater trust principally reflects updated perceptions of a common good motivation. The article's empirical findings suggest that vaccine distribution—especially by China, but for other vaccine-developing countries as well—can cultivate favorable international public opinion. These favorable opinions may in turn facilitate great powers' economic, political, or military foreign policy goals.

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN MODERN ORGANIZATIONS - THE EXAMPLE OF „ALFA-PLAM“, VRANJE

The turbulent historical development of humanity indicates that people had the need for various types of organizational activities, and at the beginning these were groups. The association of people into groups was initially aimed at survival. Only united could they survive against animals in hunting and tribal wars. The group as a group of people enabled man to survive and go through different evolutionary stages. These are the first forms of organization that changed over time, and thus the goals of that organization. In the same way, individuals could not complete many tasks alone, so they were forced to join groups, so that by achieving common goals, they could more easily achieve personal goals. Basically, the purpose of their association was to achieve more with as little work as possible. From the above, it is clear that the "germs" of human resources management are related to the need of each group to have a leader at the head. The leader is the person from the group with the greatest personal authority to whom she has entrusted that role, expecting him to realize the interest of the group in the most efficient way. This is a man with strong abilities to organize people to achieve set goals, and today we call such people managers. In this paper, the modern approach to human resources management will be presented on the example of the well-known Vranje and Serbian company "Alfa Plam". The goal of the research is imposed by the topic of the work and is related to pointing out the importance of human resources management with special reference to the company "AlfaPlam" from Vranje, which has become a synonym for successful business because it consistently applies methods and procedures of human resources management. Namely, the company takes care of each of its employees, for which the human resources managers in the company are responsible. As a positive example, we state that on the company's website you can find CVs for each employee along with information about their progress in the company, training, bonuses received, and possible sanctions.Among the research methods used in the work were "desk" research methods as well as data collection through tests in the company itself. Through the research process, we came to the result that the company "Alfa Plam", which enjoys an international reputation, is successful in its work precisely because it consistently applies modern postulates of human resources management, while improving and consciously improving them.

J.J.R. Macleod: His Life and Works Before and After the Toronto Insulin Years

Abstract.John James Rickard Macleod, while sometimes remembered as a co-discoverer of insulin, was moreover one of the world's most accomplished academic physiologists in the early 1900s. A medical graduate in Aberdeen, Scotland, he pursued a career in physiology, travelling to Leipzig and London. Precocious progress in research, teaching, and writing saw him being appointed a physiology professor in Cleveland, Ohio, at the age of 27. He gained an international reputation in carbohydrate metabolism, publishing a monograph on diabetes in 1913. A move to Toronto in 1918 soon saw him leading the team that produced the world's first clinically useful, life-saving insulin. Despite sharing a Nobel Prize, his involvement in the insulin story was mired in unjustified and persistent controversy. Returning to Aberdeen in 1928 as the head of physiology, his wide-ranging success continued until his death in 1935. This article details his life, work, and many achievements both before, and after, the Toronto insulin years.

In search of restaurant excellence in Peru: key insights on food values

PurposeThe restaurants in Peru enjoy today a high level of international recognition, and the gastronomy of the country is recognised as one of the best in the world. For this reason, aspiring to excellence should be one of the priorities in the industry, which should mean, among other things, enhancing those aspects related to food with the greatest impact on the maximum level of customer satisfaction. However, to the authors knowledge, this research line has not been addressed before in the context of Peruvian restaurant, so that this research focuses on assessing the influence of food – through the concept of food values –, on the probability of reaching the maximum level of satisfaction both with the food consumption experience and with the foods consumed in restaurants in Peru. This research also takes into account differences according to the geographical origin of the customers.Design/methodology/approachAn in-person survey of customers was conducted at the exit of different flagship restaurants with a high level of recognition and tourist orientation in the department of Ayacucho (Peru) between September and November 2022. Five restaurants acknowledged as tourist restaurants were selected for this study, of which, one has been officially granted the status of Tourist Restaurant and One Fork, in accordance with the Peruvian legal regulations. A total of 468 valid questionnaires were collected. The database was analysed using descriptive statistics, principal component factor analysis for food values, and binary logistic regressions.FindingsThe following food values factors emerged from the factorial analysis: “Image and Accessibility (IAA)”, “Ethics and Sustainability (EAS)” and “Natural Food-Safe (NFS)”. For the overall sample, IAA is more influential in the probability of obtaining the maximum level of both satisfactions (i.e. satisfaction with the food consumption experience and with the foods consumed in restaurants in Peru). In second place, EAS, as well as NFS (the latter one with a significance level of 90%), also affect, in this order, the probability of obtaining the highest level of satisfaction, but only with the foods consumed. When the geographical origin of the customer is considered (regional, national, international), interesting findings appear. For national customers, IAA is the factor with the greatest impact on the probability of achieving the maximum level of the endogenous satisfaction variables considered, followed by EAS, whilst for regional customers, only EAS is found to be influential in the probability of obtaining the maximum level of both types of satisfaction. For international customers, no factor is found to exert a significant influence.Originality/valueThis is the first study to assess the influence of food values on the maximum level of satisfaction among restaurant customers in Peru with both the food consumption experience and the foods consumed. Thus, this research represents a notable contribution to this research line, especially considering the great international reputation of Peruvian cuisine.

The Research of Culture-bounded Terms in the English Translation of Red Sorghum from the Perspective of Relevance Theory

Winning of the Nobel Prize for Literature gave Mo Yan an international repute. And the study of Howard Goldblatts translation of Mos work has become a trend. Previous studies have already taken various of perspectives to research Goldblatts translation texts, focusing on his translation strategies and the effects in the western world. As Red Sorghum is among the most popular novels of Mo Yan in the western world, this essay will take it as the research material to reveal Goldblatts translation strategy of Explicitation from the perspective of the Relevance Theory, and thus to conclude a feasible approach for translators to disseminate Chinese literature and culture to be seen and heard by the world. It creatively combines Explicitation in stylistics and the Relevance Theory to categorize the effects of the translation in three types: add dramatic effects, enhance the tone and make the words more vivid. The findings indicate that Explicitation is feature of Goldblatts translation work and it does take positive effects on the dissemination of Chinese culture, providing the target readers the highest contextual effect with the lowest processing efforts.

Relationship between bibliometric indicators and university ranking positions

A growing interest for demonstrating prestige and status of higher education institutions has spurred the establishment of several international ranking systems. A major percentage of these rankings include parameters related to scientific productivity. Here, we examined the differences between diverse rankings as well as correlation with bibliometric parameters and disciplines for the top universities. We investigated the top 300 universities from four international rankings, the Times Higher Education World University Ranking (THE), the QS World University Rankings (QS) the ShanghaiRanking-Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) and the U.S.News Best Global Universities Ranking (USNews). The assessed parameters include ranking positions, size related and bibliometrics-related indicators of each selected ranking. The weight of scientometric parameters ranges between 20% (QS) and 75% (USNews). The most important parameters defining ranking positions include citations, international reputation, and the number of researchers, but the correlation strength varies among ranking systems. The absolute number of publications and citations are particularly important in ARWU and USNews rankings, and scientific category normalized (field weighted) citation impact is central in THE and USNews rankings. Our results confirm that universities having outstanding results in rankings using size-independent indicators (QS and THE) compared to others have significantly lower number of students. High impact research can improve position in ARWU and USNews ranking lists. Regarding to different disciplines, the main results show that outstanding universities in THE ranking have higher publication activity in social sciences and universities which perform better in USNews and QS ranking have more publications in science, technology, and medicine fields and lower score in social sciences. In brief, here we present a comprehensive analysis of the correlation between scientometric parameters and university ranking positions, as well as the performance of outstanding universities and their correlation with different disciplines, to help decision makers select parameters for strengthening and to attract the interest of prospective students and their parents via a better understanding of the functions of different ranks.

Implications of State Sovereignty for the Ratification of International Law

In international relations, the implications of state sovereignty on the ratification of international law is an essential issue. Conflicts between state sovereignty and international obligations arising from ratifying international agreements are the subject of this study. This discussion demonstrates that when countries authorize international contracts, they commit to abide by the stipulations of these agreements. Although state sovereignty is an essential principle in the national legal system, states must consider the effects of ratification on their authority to act contrary to nationally acknowledged principles and values. The research method used is qualitative, with a literature and statutory approach. The research results state that ratifying international treaties can benefit countries, such as increased international reputation and global cooperation. However, there are potential downsides, such as reduced state freedom of action and reliance on international oversight mechanisms. To address this challenge, countries need to adopt ratification decision-making mechanisms that are transparent, participatory and involve consultation with diverse stakeholders. Awareness of the implications of state sovereignty on ratification of international law is essential to ensure the existence of national legal sovereignty and achieve common global goals.
 Keywords: State Sovereignty; Ratification of International Law; Ratification Decision

Mexican consumers' perceptions and preferences for US and Texas beef

AbstractThe United States (US) is the world's largest beef producer and the third‐largest exporter. Beef production is also an important component of Texas history and economy. However, the US beef industry faces several challenges, including declining domestic consumption and competition for export markets. A potential strategy to overcome these challenges is promoting US beef products in international markets. Mexico is one of the markets of importance as it is the third‐largest export destination for US beef. In this study, we explored the use of “US” country of origin and “Texas” geographic indication information for consumer advertising of beef in Mexico. It was posited that Texas's international reputation as a cattle‐producing region could be used to promote Texas beef products. Data for this study were collected in 2019 and 2020 using an online survey of 1021 Mexican food shoppers. The survey included a choice experiment with 12 hypothetical choice scenarios of beef steak with different product attributes and prices. The product attributes considered were place of origin, food safety level, and production practices. Mexican consumers were found to have a strong preference for domestic beef products. Moreover, Mexican consumers are willing to pay $1.16 and $1.18/lb for enhanced food safety and natural production practices. Consumers are also willing to pay $0.19/lb more for US–Texas beef than that of US beef. The results of this project provide valuable information for developing marketing strategies and promotion campaigns aiming to improve the competitiveness of US and Texas beef products in foreign markets [EconLit Citations: D12, Q17, Q18].

The determinants of sustainability reporting: evidence from Saudi petrochemical companies

Purpose This study aims to investigate the determinants of sustainability reporting in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Design/methodology/approach Twenty unstructured interviews were conducted to understand thoroughly the determinants and motivations of sustainability reporting among Saudi petrochemical shareholding companies. Findings This study finds that cultural aspects, compliance with international best practice, competitiveness, reputation and legitimacy are common motivations for sustainability reporting in KSA. Research limitations/implications This study has significant implications for industry, especially petrochemical and other highly polluting industries, and for policymakers. There are economic benefits to industry in adopting sustainability reporting, including transparency; and it is suggested that policymakers encourage industries to give more attention to sustainability reporting. Originality/value This study provides an original contribution to the extant literature on sustainability reporting, and incrementally adds to knowledge on sustainability reporting in KSA, Gulf cooperation council and Middle East North Africa region countries.

George Miller’s “old-fashioned Hollywood studio”: corporate authorship at Kennedy Miller, 1981–1991

ABSTRACT Australia’s George Miller, director of the Mad Max films and others, has an international reputation as a singular creative force. But this reputation overlooks key facts about Miller’s career and working methods, including his co-founding and stewardship of the production company Kennedy Miller (now Kennedy Miller Mitchell), which organized production along collaborative and collective lines. In this article, I undertake an organizational analysis of Kennedy Miller from 1981 to 1991, the period that led Australian film scholars to describe the firm as akin to a classical Hollywood studio operation. I argue that just as we recognize classical Hollywood studios as possessing a collective ‘genius’ that delimits individual claims to authorship, so should we understand Kennedy Miller in this period as possessing a corporate authorship over its film and television production. I locate this strong ‘house’ identity in the firm’s organizational structure, its distinctive culture of ‘comprehensivism’, its collaborative creative procedures, and in the discourses of publicity and critical reception that surrounded its output. I conclude by contending that this understanding of Kennedy Miller’s corporate authorship requires that we reframe our understanding of Miller’s practice to account for his role in this collaborative structure.

Analysis Assessment, Psychotest, and Leadership Development for Organization Sustainability in The University

Purpose To prove by using scientific articles derived from international reputation journals by looking at whether there is really an influence between variables, research methods in the form of literature review by proving whether it is true between variables with this study, the results of this research study support the results of existing studies with variables related to this variable, but limitations in search and for researchers others to continue or use this differentiating variable as future research.

The union difference: Experiences of five-star hotel workers in Cambodia during COVID-19

This article examines unions’ role in mitigating the impact of COVID-19 on hotel workers in Siem Reap, Cambodia's most popular tourist destination. The article analyses the experiences of unionised and non-unionised hotel workers before and during the pandemic, drawing on data collected from one non-unionised and three unionised hotels. Data was collected through in-depth qualitative interviews with management, workers, workplace union officials, as well as with national federation leaders and government officials. Our analysis of that data revealed that unionised hotel workers received far better support from their employers and the government than non-unionised hotel workers, and that their unions played an important role in securing these benefits. This suggests that, in the absence of union power, international reputation was not enough to protect workers during COVID-19.

Is scientific inquiry still incompatible with government information control? A quarter-century later

Twenty-six years ago, in response to regionally devastating fisheries collapses in Canada, Hutchings et al. asked “Is scientific inquiry incompatible with government information control?” Now, a quarter-century later, we review how government science advice continues to be influenced by non-science interests, particularly those with a financial stake in the outcome of the advice. We use the example of salmon aquaculture in British Columbia, Canada, to demonstrate how science advice from Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) can fail to be impartial, evidence-based, transparent, and independently reviewed—four widely implemented standards of robust science advice. Consequently, DFO's policies are not always supported by the best available science. These observations are particularly important in the context of DFO having struggled to sustainably manage Canada's marine resources, creating socio-economic uncertainty and putting the country's international reputation at risk as it lags behind its peers. We conclude by reiterating Hutchings et al.’s unheeded recommendation for a truly independent fisheries-science advisory body in Canada to be enshrined in the decision-making process.

Developing ‘Islam and Religious Moderation’ Course Based on Kampus Merdeka in Islamic Higher Education

<p>The focus of the research is the development of the subject "Islam and Religious Moderation" in Islamic Education study program at IAIN Kerinci and learning tools, namely <em>Rencana Pembelajaran Semester</em> (RPS, Semester Learning Plan) and course syllabus. In conducting the research, the research and development (R&D) approach is used as a basic reference for developing lecture programs through observation or survey methods, trials and classroom actions. From the results and research analysis, it can be concluded that in the development of a course there are several things that must become the product of development including the course structure, RPS, syllabus, and course-teaching materials of course. In terms of the development of the Islamic and Religious Moderation course based on the <em>Merdeka Belajar – Kampus Merdeka</em> (MBKM, Independent learning – Independent campus) program, theoretical and practical analysis of the guidelines, instructions, and implementation of religious moderation and MBKM is needed. The product development courses are further refined through validation by curriculum and religious education experts and theoretical validation through journal articles of international repute as comparisons.</p>

Undeserved authorship in surgical research: an underestimated bias with potential side effects on academic careers

The incidence of courtesy authorship in research over time has probably increased due to the enormous pressure to publish to increase the bibliometric indexes necessary to achieve an academic role. The aim of this survey was to quantify and characterize this research malpractice among a very selected group of surgeons from different surgical specialties belonging to the European Association of Surgery (ESA). E-mail addresses for the invitation to take part to the survey were collected by the Twenty-eighth Annual Meeting final program. Five-item were designed and developed by the authors using an online platform. Eighty-six members from 21 countries completed the survey (female/male ratio: 0.09). In the last 10 years, almost half of the responders (41, 47.7%, 37 academics) have included colleagues for courtesy authorship. The most common reason of courtesy authorships was to support the academic career of another researcher (62.5%). Other reasons were fear of retaliation (12.5%), reciprocal authorship (12.5%) or support for a partner (10%). This survey showed that undeserved authorship is sadly confirmed to be a common research misconduct across any countries and medical specialties, even among a very selected group of surgeons with international reputation irrespective of the academic position.

The Offerton Hat Works and Stockport’s Felt Hat Industry

ABSTRACT Stockport became one of the leading centres for the British felt hat industry in the 19th century. An archaeological survey of the Offerton Hat Works that was carried out between May 2019 and February 2020 in advance of redevelopment has provided a detailed record of one of the best surviving 19th-century hat works in the town. The Offerton Hat Works was hailed as a state-of-the-art ‘model factory’ when established in 1886 by William Battersby, who emerged as one of the leading manufacturers of felt hats. This article summarises the conclusions drawn from the archaeological survey of this important works, with reference to other surveys and excavations of earlier 19th-century hat factories elsewhere in Stockport and in the neighbouring towns of Oldham, Hyde and Denton that together chart the key stages in the transition of hat production in north-west England from a cottage craft to a specialised factory-based industry of international repute.

Lineage and loss: Practising a traditional art in changing times

Born in a family of mixed linguistic heritage in a industrial village in north-east Wales, Grahame Davies found himself – thanks to a crucial meeting with a charismatic teacher – learning his poetic craft in the Welsh-speaking tradition. While working as a journalist in newspapers and later in broadcasting, he became one of his country’s most prominent poets and authors, later developing an international reputation as a librettist for classical composers. In this piece he reflects on the transmission mechanisms of individual and communal creativity, the varying status of poets in Welsh and English-language culture, the challenges and opportunities of working in joint artistic and professional enterprises, and on the delicate, but often hugely rewarding, process of working with audiences and with those who commission artistic works.

Analysis of Resilience and Competence on Employee Performance through Intervening Key Performance Indicator Variables

In this scientific article, the purpose of the study is to provide an overview of the variables that exist in the research article with existing results, also provide evidence of these results and provide reinforcement by researchers. It is expected that scientific articles provide a gap, which can provide a contribution to scientific results, the research method used is qualitative from the results of analysis of scientific articles originating from journals of national and international reputation with research results that are corroborated by researchers. The results of the research of the variables in this study than the variables found have a positive influence, proven by the exposure of scientific results, and this scientific article provides reinforcement of the results of existing research with research variables that have been previously studied. In this scientific article, it was found that there are several other variables that can be used in further research for the future or the next.