International Business Management Research Articles

Does the concept of “creating shared value” make sense for multinational firms?

PurposeThe paper aims to explore how Porter and Kramer’s “Creating shared value” (CSV) framework supports the multinational corporation’s business model to turn social problems into business opportunities in two contextually different international markets.Design/methodology/approachConceptually, the paper uses the CSV framework to argue that evaluation of business models in different societal contexts (geographically, culturally and economically) might be able to shed more light on the firm-societal needs. Empirically, the paper conducts a comparative content analysis of the business models of an international brand of a three-wheeler vehicle – Piaggio Ape – in Italy and India since its launch right after World War II. The content for qualitative analysis was identified using the Nexis Uni database.FindingsFindings reveal that CSV outlines the strategy for firms to integrate societal concerns uniquely into their business models, rather than solving them in isolation. However, the business model performances resulting from these firm–society linkages may vary in an emerging market and a developed market. Regulatory fit is yet another factor that decides how well CSV could be applied.Research limitations/implicationsGiven CSV’s contradictory perception in corporate governance literature, the study empirically establishes its theoretical value in explaining the actions and success of strategic decisions that large multinational firms take. The interactions between the underlying attributes of four CSV strategies, the regulatory fit and business model success are articulated in the form of propositions and an integrated CSV framework. Given the paper’s two-case comparative analysis, the generalizability of the identified attributes of the four CSV strategies is limited and therefore calls for future research using larger samples of firms practicing shared value perspectives.Practical implicationsCorporate and international business managers can use the study findings and the proposed framework to comprehend scenarios beyond business systems and to apply CSV as a tool to address market needs in concurrence with addressing environmental and societal concerns.Originality/valueThe paper is one of the initial attempts to evaluate and extend the “CSV” perspective in the international business context and, thus, promises a broad future research scope.

PENGARUH LEARNING ORIENTATION TERHADAP INNOVATIVE BEHAVIOR PADA STUDENT UNION DI UNIVERSITAS CIPUTRA

The propose of this research is to find out the effect of individual innovative behavior on individual innovative behavior with work group cohesion as mediating variable in the context of virtual teams. The method that is used in this research is the analysis method in the form of Partial Least Square (PLS) with software SmartPLS. The sample in this research is the Student Union member of 2020/2021 period International Business Management major that is the number of 36 respondents. Data collection technique in this research is to distribute google form questionnaires with likert scale measurement. Based on data analysis, it is concluded that individual learning orientation (X) and individual innovative behavior (Y) are significant.

PENERAPAN E-LEARNING DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN E-PORTOFOLIO DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN MAHASISWA

This study aims to implement an e-learning model with an e-portfolio approach in the Taxation subjects at the International Business Management Program Study, Business Administration Department, in an effort to improve students level of understanding. The implementation of e-learning is carried out with various methods and it is necessary to change the way of teaching in order to attract attention and make students interested in learning and liking the concepts of the subjects being taught. In the process, an assessment process is also needed as an assessment of student learning outcomes. One that is implemented is an assessment portfolio which is currently supported by increasingly sophisticated technological advances so that it is called an electronic portfolio or termed an e-portfolio. The benefits of this e-portfolio for students include learning effectively and responsibly, collaborative learning opportunities, allowing creating more network connections, getting used to being critical in solving problems/cases so that if we will be able to shape the character of students who are professional and competitive in accordance with vision and mission of Politeknik Negeri Bali. The population in this study were students in the International Business Management study program in the Business Administration Department of Politeknik Negeri Bali, who were taking a Taxation subjects. The method used in this research is Design Based Research (DBR). The results of the needs analysis obtained from the questionnaire to students are used as a reference in forming the design of this model. a model that is a framework in 4 (four) stages of a framework in 2 (two) online learning environments, namely: synchronous and asynchronous. Furthermore, the results of the implementation of the model on students showed an increase in student learning outcomes and understanding of taxation subjects with an increase in the average score of students from 71.58 to 88.11. This is also supported by the feedback given by students and validators after the model implementation process is implemented.

Locational boundness of resource, compatibility of production, and downside risks of multinationality

AbstractResearch SummaryWe extend the multinational operational flexibility literature by examining how the characteristics of resources and capabilities within a portfolio of international investments affect its downside risks. We postulate that non‐location bound resources and capabilities within an international investment portfolio are crucial to reducing switching costs and enhancing cross‐country switchability, thus curbing downside risks. Our large sample of Korean multinational corporations reveals that globally sourced production inputs or more technological capabilities help curb downside risks, while locally sourced inputs or more marketing capabilities do not. We additionally find that the positive effect of less locational boundness is more salient when the portfolio has a high product relatedness or standardization.Managerial SummaryThis study provides some managerial implications for international business managers. The findings suggest that the downside risk reduction effect of multinationality varies by heterogeneous resource and production conditions. They indicate that the locational boundness embedded in marketing capability, technological capability, and product type affects cross‐border switchability. IB managers make strategic decisions on resource and product types for their overseas manufacturing subsidiaries in the configuration and coordination processes of their internationalization to maximize multinational operational flexibility. A more effective alignment of resources and capabilities with the strategic intent of boosting geographic fungibility facilitates effective production shifts within the same production network.

Significance of Ki67, BCL 2 Immunoexpression in Urothelial Carcinoma and their Association with Grading and Staging: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Urinary bladder is the most common site of malignancy in the urinary tract and the most common type of cancer of urothelial origin is urothelial cell carcinoma. This subtype constitutes more than 90% of bladder cancer. Histological grade of tumour is one of the most important predictive parameter for prognosis and biological behavior of urothelial carcinoma. As some crucial discordances may arise between pathologists because of subjectivity, so immunohistochemistry can be used for accurate diagnosis and prediction of prognosis. Aim: To study the immununohistochemical expression of B-Cell Lymphoma 2 (BCL 2) and Ki(Kiel)-67 markers and their association with tumour grade and stage in urothelial carcinomas. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology of a tertiary care R G Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. West Bengal, India, on a total of 75 cases from January 2018 to June 2019. The study population comprised of cases of urothelial lesions as diagnosed by cystoscopy, who underwent standardized operative procedures. Relevant sections were taken from different parts of the fixed specimens. Histopathological Examination (HPE) was done to confirm the presence or absence of non-invasive and invasive carcinoma, and the depth of invasive tumour cells for pathological staging. Evaluation of the level of cytological and architectural disorder at low and medium magnification (100X and 200X) were done for grading. Cytological disorder were defined as abnormalities in nuclear size, shape, and chromatin, while architectural disorder were defined as abnormalities in the orientation of the cells in relation to each other and to the basement membrane of the papillae. Immunohistochemical analysis was done for Ki67 and BCL 2 expression in paraffin embedded sections in all the cases. In this study, chi-square test was done with International Business Management(IBM) Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), as per which, the association between two variables is statistically significant if p value is <0.05. Results: Out of total 75 cases(mean age: 67.3 years) analysed, 58 cases (77.3%) had Invasive type of bladder neoplasm, followed by low grade papillary urothelial carcinoma 10 (13.3%), and papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential 07 (9.3%). Ki67 expression in urothelial carcinoma has more significance because 59 cases (78.7%) showed high level expression (>20%) out of 75 cases, whereas only 12 (16%) cases show high level expression (4+) of BCL 2 marker. Conclusion: Ki67 overexpression is seen more commonly, than BCL 2, in high grade tumours as well as in advanced stage. So Ki67 may be used as a marker to predict aggressive behavior and to differentiate low grade and high grade tumours also.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices in Treating Children with Special Healthcare Needs among Dental Practitioners in Mumbai Metropolitan Region: A Questionnaire-based Survey

Introduction: Dentistry for children with Special Healthcare Needs (SHCN) is challenging and it is essential to understand the barriers faced by dentists in managing such patients. Aim: The aim of this survey was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of dental practitioners in Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR) in treating children with Special Healthcare Needs (CSHCN). Materials and Methods: An observational, cross-sectional Questionnaire-based study was conducted in Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR) from January 2021 to August 2021. A 19-item questionnaire was sent to 1624 dentists through email and/ or whatsapp. The age, gender, years of clinical practice, the type of special children encountered, the behaviour management modalities and treatment done for these children were recorded. Data collected was entered into the software International Business Management (IBM) Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) statistics version 20.0 and analysed. Microsoft word and excel (year 2019) were used to generate tables. Results: Of the 1624 surveys sent, 650 responses were received making it to 40% response rate. Majority of respondents 67% (n=433) were general dental practitioners and 64% (n=416) had their own private practice. Only 39% (n=251) dentists had treated CSHCN in their practice. The most commonly encountered disability was mental retardation and cerebral palsy 23% (n=151). Amongst the clinicians referring the case, most of them, 148 (59%) preferred to refer to paediatric dentists. Regarding the method of management, 78% (n=197) of respondents were confident in treating special children with non pharmacological behaviour management methods and 58% (n=146) were confident with pharmacological methods. The frequently performed treatment procedures were restorative and preventive methods. A total 61% (n=399) of respondents had not encountered CSHCN. Among them, 65% (n=261) felt they had inadequate training in their curriculum, 59% (n=157) wished to treat such patients in future and 56% (n=223) were interested in continuing dental education programmes on the same. Conclusion: Majority of the dentists had treated children with mental retardation, cerebral palsy and physical disabilities than emotional disabilities. Non pharmacological behaviour management methods were preferred, and preventive and restorative procedures were frequently preformed. Most of the dentists in the present study reported themselves to lack knowledge in treating children with SHCN.

Analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of physical store operation under the international business management market

With the development of global economic integration, the scale of the international business management market continues to expand, which provides new opportunities for the development of Chinese enterprises, but also brings many new challenges. At the same time, with the rapid development of network technology, the business model of enterprises has also undergone great changes, and enterprises must adapt to new development trends and improve their competitiveness. In the long process of development, physical stores have accumulated some advantages, which cannot be replaced by the network economy, but at the same time, there have been some problems in the way it operates, affecting its development. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of physical stores in the international business management market, and discusses their development trends and strategies.

Glocal tnc product strategies in the international business management system

It is defined in this paper that the glocal business strategy enables the companies to strengthen their competitive position, attract customers and raise brand awareness, adapting their offer to each individual country and local scenario, while maintaining the emphasis on scale and global dimension. Glocalization strategy means the creation and distribution of products and services designed for the global or international market, and the ability to adapt them to local conditions. According to the objective of the paper, the peculiarities of the Ukrainian non-alcoholic beer market current state is defined as well as the substantiation of the commodity strategies development directions of transnational companies in the Ukrainian beer market, in particular on the segment of non-alcoholic beer for women, is proposed. Analysis of non-alcoholic beer supply in the domestic market revealed that the portfolio of the largest producers does not include craft non-alcoholic beer and beer, the taste of which would suit the tastes of youth and women's segments. The developed positioning scheme according to the price and taste characteristics of non-alcoholic beer offer in Ukraine revealed free niches in this category, especially beer with the taste of berries, fruits, aromatic herbs and spices. In addition, the niche of craft beer is free. Such product offers may be of interest to young people and women who do not like the smell of malt beer and its bitter taste. Taking into account the results of the survey and the conducted research, it is recommended that multinational companies adapt their product strategy by developing the segment of non-alcoholic beer for women. A strategy of positioning beer for women according to such characteristics as the content of required essential vitamins and microelements is proposed. The implementation of the proposed glocal product strategy will strengthen and increase the market share of the multinational company in non-alcoholic beer market due to the application of horizontal differentiation strategy by expanding the range of non-alcoholic beer flavors and vertical one by attracting consumers of different price segments.

Applied Learning and Teaching Transformations Through Project-based Action Learning in an International Business Management Programme

This paper expounds on applied learning and teaching transformations through project-based action learning for students’ self-awareness and effective competence development. After providing some background to the Indonesian university where the research took place and a brief review of the literature, we describe the methodology. The article is based on longitudinal action research over 13 years that used a mixed-methods survey that generated multiple testimonials that were assessed via thematic content analysis. Six phases of learning innovations are discerned: Awareness, alignment, action, adoption, assurance and anticipation. These phases of the transformational process also provide the structure for the findings and discussion section. To succeed, international business management graduates have to continuously strategise, implement, and incorporate a closed-loop feedback system to track and manage individual progress with an action learning balanced scorecard. As whole-brain learners, the pursuit of knowledge must be transformed into a value-added advantage in four types of interconnected and interdependent power.

Factors Affecting Financial Behaviors:

This study was conducted to determine the effect of financial knowledge, financial attitude, locus of control, risk tolerance, motivation, and mental accounting on financial behavior. The population was 168 students majoring in International Business Management at Universitas Ciputra Surabaya. The characteristics of the respondents are students who are in the 6th semester and above at the time of taking the sampling with purposive sampling method. The data obtained were analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS). The result shows that the factors of financial knowledge, locus of control, motivation, have no effect on financial behavior. While the factors of financial attitude, risk tolerance, and mental accounting have an effect on financial behavior.

The digital explosion: It’s impact on international student achievement

The purpose of this study is to conduct empirical research into the use of an interactive e-book in a predominantly international MSc Business Management cohort, evaluating its impact on engagement, and academic achievement. There is a lacuna in the current state of research into interactive e-books, and a lack of attention on international students studying in the UK. Quantitative data was obtained and analysed using t-tests and correlational analysis. The key findings were that those students who used the interactive e-book scored significantly higher coursework and examination marks than those students who did not. Student engagement was critical to the effectiveness of the interactive e-book, with students performing better when it was adopted as summative as opposed to formative assessment. The paper contributes to the literature on blended learning and the use of digital technology, and strongly highlights the benefits of its use in an international student cohort.

The Effect of Product Quality, Price, and Promotion toward Students’ Purchase Decision for Telkomsel Products

This study aims to test the effect of product quality, price, and promotion on purchasing decisions. This research specifically focuses on Universitas Ciputra Surabaya students majoring in International Business Management (BMI). This study uses quantitative methods with a total response of 105 students collected from online questionnaires using a 5-point Likert scale measurement. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. The results of this study concluded that product quality did not have a significant effect on student purchasing decisions at Universitas Ciputra Surabaya. Meanwhile, price and promotion significantly influence student purchasing decisions at Universitas Ciputra Surabaya. The results of this research show that both Price (Sig. value = 0.006) and Promotion (Sig. value = 0.002) significantly affects purchase decision, while Product Quality (Sig. value = 0.058) does not have significant influence toward purchase decision. Moreover, the study found that there is a positive relationship between Product Quality, Price, and Promotion toward students' purchase decision for Telkomsel products with the degree of independent variable explaining the effect of Telkomsel product purchasing decisions by 47.3%.

Consumer Stockpiling Across Cultures During the COVID-19 Pandemic

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 (coronavirus) outbreak a pandemic. In the following days, media reports showed that consumers increasingly stockpiled groceries and household supplies. Interestingly, behavioral data show that this stockpiling exhibited considerable heterogeneity across countries. Building on cultural dimension theory, the authors theorize that this heterogeneity can be explained by countries’ cultural values: consumer stockpiling after the World Health Organization's announcement was more pronounced in countries whose residents show high uncertainty avoidance, low long-term orientation, low indulgence, and high individualism. The authors confirm these propositions using global mobility data from Google matched with country-level data on cultural values, pandemic reaction policies, and other key variables. This research note thereby integrates the previously disconnected literature on cultural dimension theory and consumer stockpiling in general, as well as provides new and significant knowledge about cross-cultural consumer behavior in crises. Furthermore, the authors provide actionable insights for international policy makers and business managers who aim to predict or control consumer stockpiling in future global crises to enhance consumer well-being.

Role of Entrepreneurial Role Model Influencer and Entrepreneurship Education towards Entrepreneurial Intention

The purpose of this research is to find out the effect of entrepreneurial role model influencer and entrepreneurship education towards entrepreneurial intention. The concept of entrepreneurial role model influencer combines the concept of social media influencer with entrepreneurial role model, this is new variables and have never been used in any research. This research uses a multiple linear regression approach, the sample of this research is 153 International Business Management students of Ciputra University. The result of this research shows that the entrepreneurial role model influencer and entrepreneurship education have a significant impact on entrepreneurial intention.

Export Linking Public Institutions of Higher Education (Business Schools), State Trade Agencies and Private Enterprise: A Model and Method for Scaling Global Trade

  In 2015, the Governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia, Mr. Terry McAuliffe, accepted the advice of  companies that were located in Virginia who said  they could use state support to export their goods and services. From this discussion, a the Virginia International Trade Alliance (VITAL) was created to help those companies expand and succeed in the international marketplace (see - https://augustafreepress.com/governor-mcauliffe-announces-creation-of-virginia-international-trade-alliance/ ) This initiative is now  managed by Virginia’s Department of Commerce  (through its economic development agency, known as the Virginia Economic Development Partnership - VCDP).   Over the last 5 years, in partnership with Virginia private businesses, the state’s Chamber of Commerce, and Virginia’s public institutions of higher education, the program has created public-private partnerships that benefit – 1)  large, medium and small companies (with strategic access to global markets), 2) public universities (particularly participating business schools that are educating the next generation of savvy international business managers), and 3) Virginia itself (with more tax revenues realized from enhance international trade, more jobs related to such trade, and more awareness of the Virginia “brand” around the world, as traded goods and services from Virginia become better known and appreciated).  In short, meaningful and well thought out public-private partnerships have led  to  “win-win” realities for all involved .  Virginia Commonwealth University School of Business (VCU-SB) has participated in this program (along with 9 other public Virginia universities) since the inception of VITAL, and to-date the VCU-SB has undertaken over 25 graduate business student VITAL projects (see - https://business.vcu.edu/centers-institutes-and-labs/center-for-international-business-advancement/ ).  Each project has focused on analyzing and selecting international markets for private Virginia companies, and advising them with respect to marketing strategies in promising global markets.  This has all taken place,  while also educating VCU-SB’s participating graduate students on the nuances of global market analysis, and strategies and management practices related to global business success. This conceptual paper represents an overview of how VITAL projects are selected, researched and completed.  The paper provides series of figures to highlight  the theory, practice and necessary steps related to VITAL’s success.  The paper concludes with a call for other states and other countries to create their own form of VITAL (in general, labeled Vibrant International Trade Alliances)  and to extend the underlying partnerships that this model represents to like-minded entities around the world.  The overall objective is  to develop a global network of public/private linkages to scale global trade even further.&nbsp

Experiential Learning of Local Relational Tasks for Global Sustainable Development by Using a Behavioral Simulation

The interdependent character of sustainability challenges calls for collaboration among actors with different capabilities, interests, and knowledge frames. Behavioral simulations offer good opportunities to learn about dealing with these differences. They are based on an “experiential learning” approach that integrates the direct experience of the participants during a simulation exercise with reflection, theorizing, and acting. As such the simulation is able to mobilize the “minds, hearts, and hands” of the participants to stimulate not only cognitive, but also affective and moral learning in an embodied way. This is considered of utmost importance in education for sustainable development. The simulation exercise presented in this manuscript is inspired by a real case in the Southern Andes of Ecuador, where an existing multi-actor committee for the co-management of the regional UNESCO Biosphere is challenged by the arrival of an international mining company. The results are based on an analysis of the simulation sessions with three different groups: (1) social and environmental experts that have experience in the context of the case; (2) students in International Business Management; and (3) students in Water Engineering. The participants tap into the potential of individual and group reflection to learn from their own experience. They demonstrate an increased awareness of the importance of the relations between the stakeholders to deal adequately with the wicked nature of the case. The innovation of the tool consists in the possibility to address in a systematic and explicit way the relational tasks that are needed in local contexts to address global sustainability challenges. Especially the attention given to ambidexterity to address the tough tension between collaboration and power plays is rarely covered by other tools.

The influence of shared leadership on team performance with team personality composition as a moderating variable in student business project at Ciputra University Surabaya

This study was conducted to determine the effect of shared leadership and team performance with team personality composition as the moderating effect on Ciputra University Student business project. In order to collect data, this study distributed questionnaires to 146 International Business Management students class of 2017 by using the purposive sampling method. In this study, an analysis of the variables of shared leadership, team performance and team personality composition were analyzed as moderators for shared leadership on team performance. The results of the study found that the shared leadership variable had a significant effect on team performance. Meanwhile, the team personality composition did not moderate the relationship between shared leadership and team performance.

Effective multinational trade forecasting using LSTM recurrent neural network

Changes in foreign trade (export and import) constitute a crucial topic in international economics, international business management, and economic development. Numerous academics and industry leaders have sought effective means of forecasting foreign trade. However, with the uncertain nature of trade trends, obtaining accurate forecasts is a challenge. To analyze ten countries’ trade data, this study developed an effective foreign trade forecasting method that relies on a neural network with long short-term memory (LSTM); the results validated the effectiveness of the proposed method. This study is based on the economic theory that the two-way causal relationships present in trade data can improve trade forecasting. A multivariate LSTM-based method is proposed and exploited to extract temporal changes from trade data and provide effective trade forecasting. A comparison was conducted to understand the performance of the proposed method against time-series and economic structural models. The empirical results indicate that the method can appropriately model temporal information regarding uncertainty trends in foreign trade data. The method achieved almost perfect forecasting performance for data previously difficult to predict; in most cases, it had smaller values of root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) than did time-series models and economic structural models. On the export forecast, RMSE improved by 17.048% and MAPE by 1.463%, and for imports, RMSE improved by 40.939% and MAPE by 1.806%. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of the theoretical synthesis and provides a theoretical basis for interdisciplinary research in foreign trade forecasting.

Employee Performance Is Affected By Work Motivation Function And Work Ability (Case Study In Training And Course Institutions, International Business Management In Garut District)

This research uses a descripttive quantitative method. Sources of research data, observation, interviews, questionnaires, and literature study. The research sample consisted of 40 employees, the sampling was saturated sampling. It is known that the results of the t (partial) work motivation show that if work motivation is maximized, employee performance will also increase. The results of the t-test (partial) of work ability show that if the work ability is improved, the employee's performance will also increase. Meanwhile, the results of the F test (simultaneous) show that the independent variable has an influence on the dependent variable. The coefficient of determination test results showed that work motivation and work ability contributed 51% to employee performance. Meanwhile, the remaining 49% is explained by other variables which have not been researched. The results of the descriptive analysis show that the largest proportion of employee performance is in the high enough category, while for work motivation and work ability the largest proportion is in the medium category. The results of this study concluded that it is very important for companies to manage their employees as well as possible so that their performance increases.

Emerging market state-owned multinationals: a review and implications for the state capitalism debate

Internationalization of state-owned enterprises from emerging markets (EMSOEs) increasingly attracts the attention of scholars and results in an impressive body of research. Chinese state companies are the major focus in this debate. Yet, the conclusions of scholars generate a great variety of theorizing in a field that lacks systematization, which requires an assessment of the existing knowledge and a study of where the field is moving. We review the existing research in top academic journals in international business and strategic management and reveal the two major thematic strands that accommodate the discussion on EMSOEs’ internationalization from 2012 when the topic started receiving much scholarly attention. These are the government’s role in EMSOEs’ internationalization and the diversity of EMSOEs. We present the future prospective topics and questions within the debate on EMSOEs’ internationalization that promise to move the scholarly debate on this phenomenon forward.