Internal Threats Research Articles

Ukraine’s rural areas in the conditions of decentralization and local self-government reform: challenges and prospects

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to determine the state, identify the main challenges and risks affecting rural development in Ukraine, and assess their influence on the effectiveness of functioning and financial capacity of rural territorial communities in the conditions of power decentralization and self-government reform.
 Methodology / approach. The methodological basis of the research was a systematic approach to the study of the investigated phenomena and processes and the dialectical method of cognition, as well as general scientific and special methods. In order to assess the state and trends of rural development in Ukraine, economic and statistical methods were used in analytical studies (comparative analysis to compare the results obtained in certain years, average and relative values, trend analysis, index analysis, etc.). This was done to establish certain relationships, such as identity, similarity, or difference between characteristics and facts. To determine the influence of individual factors on the operational efficiency and financial capacity of territorial communities, multiple correlation and regression analysis was used. A number of abstract-logical techniques made it possible to formulate intermediate and final conclusions and proposals.
 Results. Current conditions are analyzed and trends of rural development in Ukraine for 1990–2022 are determined. It was found that over the past 32 years, the socio-economic crisis in rural areas continues to worsen, which is manifested in declining employment rates, increasing unemployment, rising poverty, mass migration of peasants, deterioration of infrastructure and access to social services. The main challenges and problems of rural development have been identified and systematized by groups: socio-demographic, economic, environmental and nature protection, institutional, political. To assess the factors influence on the effectiveness of functioning and financial capacity of territorial communities, a multifactorial correlation and regression analysis was conducted. It was found that the level of capital expenditures is most affected by the fiscal return of the community territory per 1 inhabitant. 
 Originality / scientific novelty. The elements of scientific novelty consist in the introduction of a systematic approach to generalizing challenges and problems affecting the development of rural areas and communities, which were systematized by groups: socio-demographic, economic, environmental and nature protection, institutional, political. The scientific and methodological foundations of studying the socio-economic situation in Ukraine’s rural areas in terms of determining the factors and assessing their influence on the effectiveness of functioning and financial capacity of rural territorial communities have been further developed.
 Practical value / implications. The identification of factors and their influence on the functioning effectiveness and financial capacity of rural territorial communities can be taken into account by state institutions when reviewing previously adopted documents and elaborating strategic plans for the restoration and development of Ukraine’s rural areas, taking into account internal threats and the long-term external aggression of the russian federation against Ukraine.

CONCEPTUAL BASIS OF MANAGEMENT OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF ENTERPRISES

The article is devoted to the study of the conceptual foundations of economic security management of enterprises. The concepts of “security”, “economic security” and “management of economic security of enterprises” are considered. It was determined that the economic security of the enterprise is the state of its protection against the negative influence of external and internal threats, destabilizing factors. In general, the management of economic security can be considered as the process of developing and implementing a set of measures aimed at countering threats to the external and internal environment of the enterprise. Objects, subjects, goals, tasks and elements of economic security are considered. The main goal of managing the economic security of the enterprise is determined – this is to ensure its stable and maximally effective functioning now and to increase and ensure the level of enterprise security in the future. The functional goals of economic security are indicated. It is emphasized that the implementation of each of these goals of economic security of the enterprise must support the sustainable functioning of the enterprise. Detailed development and control over the implementation of the target structure of economic security of the enterprise is an important aspect of the process of provision. External and internal threats are singled out. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the threats presented in the study allows us to conclude that reliable protection of the economy of any enterprise is possible only with a comprehensive and systematic approach to its organization. The conceptual foundations of the management of economic security of enterprises are analyzed and determine the general aspects and principles that guide the strategy and activities of the enterprise to ensure stability and protection against economic threats and risks. It was determined that the given conceptual foundations form the foundation for the development of specific strategies and actions for managing the economic security of the enterprise, contribute to ensuring the stability and sustainability of the enterprise’s activities in conditions of danger and adverse factors.

P2O: AI-Driven Framework for Managing and Securing Wastewater Treatment Plants

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are critical infrastructures responsible for processing wastewater before discharging effluent to rivers and other potential uses. WWTPs use large, connected deep tunnels for storing sanitary and wet-weather flows for treatment. However, wastewater in those systems cannot exceed safe tunnel levels in order to prevent overflows of untreated wastewater into the environment. Further, WWTPs are among the 16 national lifeline infrastructure sectors in which the utilization of sensor technology has increased, making the sectors vulnerable to all forms of cyber threats. Considering these challenges, the work presented in this manuscript uncovers the role of AI at WWTPs by focusing on two problems: tunnel water-level prediction and detection of security threats. This is done by proposing an AI framework: P2O (prediction, protection, and optimization). The prediction module forecasts the tunnel water level using deep-learning models based on the current wastewater flow in the tunnel and other inputs from the sensors and gauges. The protection module focuses on classifying the intentionality of an anomaly, i.e., whether an attack is adversarial in nature or merely an outlier, using recurrent neural network models. Last, the optimization module aims to provide actionable recommendations to pump operators using a genetic algorithm. The experimental results of P2O indicate that the prediction module can predict the tunnel water level with 85% accuracy, and the protection module can detect about 97% of intentional attacks on WWTPs. AI models within P2O are evaluated; the experimental results are presented and discussed.Practical ApplicationsThis manuscript presents P2O, which is a novel AI framework that can predict about 85% of wastewater overflow incidences and about 95% of intentional cyberattacks on a WWTP, as indicated in the experiments. The deployment of P2O at a WWTP is essential, especially considering the adverse effects of overflowing wastewater on the environment (i.e., rivers and other water bodies). Moreover, cyberattacks on WWTPs can be subtle, making them challenging to detect; on average, most of them are noticed within one week to one month after the attack. This makes national infrastructure vulnerable to external and internal threats, influencing the well-being of water bodies and overall national security. P2O provides a real-time monitoring interface and can recommend optimal actions in different scenarios (i.e., outliers) for pump operators and process engineers at WWTPs.

일본의 저출산 대응전략이 한국에 던지는 시사점

Purpose: Korea has the lowest birth rate in the world. We need to find measures to overcome the low birth rate.
 This is a key issue that will determine Korea’s survival. In this study, we would like to find measures to solve the low
 birth rate problem in Korea.
 Research design, data, and methodology: This study aims to understand in detail the various childbirth policies,
 strategies, and peculiarities that have been promoted, focusing on the cases of overcoming low birth rates in
 Nagi-cho, Japan. In addition, the substance cannot be grasped only through the contents introduced at home and
 abroad. We would also like to discuss the hidden truth of Nagi-cho. Hopefully, I hope that this study will be a useful
 hint in solving the low birth rate problem.
 Results: Now, Korean society is suffering from internal threats of low birth rates, not external threats. Just worrying
 doesn’t change the situation. Nevertheless, someone is responsible for identifying and predicting the nature of the
 problem from an objective perspective and raising an alarm in Korean society. Accordingly, the conclusion presented
 eight response strategies to overcome Korea’s low birth rate problem. Typically, the total fertility rate of 0.78 in 2022
 is due to the fact that more than one child was not born between couples. In other words, the reason why the
 current number of births and fertility rates do not rise is not that they do not give birth to a second child, but that
 caused by not having a single child. Couples who give birth to their first child have a high probability of giving birth
 to their second child, but it is impossible to give birth to their second and third children unless their first child is
 born. It is the right childbirth policy to actively support couples who have given birth to a second child.
 Implications: We expect the sum of the partial optimizations to be equal to the sum of the total optimization, and
 this is what we are looking for in the implications 'best answer'. However, at the macro level of a country’s fertility
 rate, it is not easy to achieve the total optimum through partial optimization.

Cross-Border Mediation under Current Threats: Ukraine-Poland (Some Aspects of Interaction)

Using the documentary research technique, this paper outlines certain aspects of Ukraine-Poland cross-border mediation interaction in the context of contemporary threats. In addition, it points out the main contemporary threats, which affect the cross-border interaction of Ukraine and Poland. It characterizes such threats as nuclear danger, environmental problems, humanitarian crisis, economic threats and food shortages. It points out that there are internal threats to Poland in connection with the war in Ukraine, the spread of infectious diseases, including COVID-19, due to the large number of refugees, the threat to food security, the threat to Poland's economic stability and poverty. It is shown that Poland interacts with Ukraine on all urgent issues: helps citizens seeking temporary protection, sends humanitarian aid, strengthens and stimulates market relations. It is concluded that all this led to increased cross-border interaction between the countries. The relevance of alternative types of conflict resolution, such as mediation, is highlighted. The scope of cross-border mediation is presented, the current state of mediation is analyzed and conclusions are drawn on the need for further development of this institution.

Електронні вибори як новітнє трансформаційне явище сучасної правової реальності

The article analyzes electronic elections as the latest transformative phenomenon of modern legal reality. Grouped advantages of electronic voting: voting in the electronic system is implemented faster, and there is no need to physically visit the polling station; electronic systems can enable people with physical limitations to vote, providing them with a choice of polling station; increase in voter turnout, in particular at the expense of young people, who are usually passive participants in the political process; electronic systems may have built-in security mechanisms that make the possibility of fraudulent vote counting more difficult; can provide the opportunity to vote remotely to citizens who are outside their state; replacing traditional paper voting with electronic voting can reduce the costs of printing and processing ballots; wide possibilities for analysis and statistical processing of data; the possibility of counting votes in real time; the possibility of implementing vote verification and audit mechanisms, as electronic systems can be equipped with tools to verify the accuracy of votes. Motivated that the implementation of e-voting in times of crisis requires a particularly high level of security and protection to avoid possible influence from outside or internal threats, an additional criterion for the legitimacy of e-voting is to ensure the availability of this technology to all sections of society, including those who may have limited access to the Internet or technical means. It has been proven that if the duration of the war is extended, electronic governance can become the only possible means for getting out of the political and legal crisis, renewing the power apparatus and democratizing state institutions. However, the implementation of such technologies should be used as an exclusive alternative for persons who are combatants or civilians living near the arena of hostilities, in other (relatively calm) territory, the classical system of the election process cannot be replaced by other forms, because this will lead to significant threats illegitimacy of the entire election procedure.

Формирование системы культурной безопасности КНР в условиях современной глобализации

. At present, for any country that does not belong to the “collective West”, there are risks of external and internal threats to national security. Modern China is a country with a large territory and a large population, the devel-opment and achievements of which were directly related to integration into the world community, on the one hand, and the ability to protect the identity of the political system, social structure and culture, on the other. However, modern Chinese culture has faced new challenges, in connection with which China is striving to cre-ate a stronger and more effective security system. This article attempts to analyze and describe the main strat-egies of China’s cultural security policy in the context of modern globalization, to consider the main directions of the country’s cultural policy as a whole, and its current trends.

An approach to internal threats detection based on sentiment analysis and network analysis

Years into the insider threat, it remains an universal challenge to predict and defend. Concerning this problem, there has been a multitude of solutions, including the detection of sentiment fluctuations of an entity to predict its abnormality degree. Previous research solely focus on the analysis of individual anomalies, but ignore the sociality of individual sentiments. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an approach to internal threats detection based on sentiment and network analysis. Above all, we use Natural Language ToolKit (NLTK) to analyze the sentiment of each preprocessed email, and thus we establish sentiment communication network. The graphs are reconstructed into series and reshaped as matrices. By the singular value decomposition (SVD), the matrix is decomposed into base networks, and we analyze the change in importance of important base networks over time to detect the company’s internal conditions. When anomalies occur, we establish combination networks which consist of base networks and can represent the abnormal character patterns of this time. Then compare the eigenvector centrality of both combination networks and total network to identify the employees related to this anomaly. The experiment shows that it can locate the anomaly-related employees accurately, and according to the network graph, the top few of anomaly-related employees are associated in group internal threats. Our approach provides the anomaly-related rank of employees and the abnormal character pattern of the sentiment communication network at the moment of anomaly.

SHAPING CADETS’ MORAL RESISTANCE TO THE MANIPULATIVE INFLUENCE OF ENEMY PROPAGANDA IN MODERN CONDITIONS

The article highlights the current problems of raising the moral stability of cadets to the manipulative influence of enemy propaganda in modern conditions. It has been proven that the moral resistance of cadets to the manipulative influence of enemy propaganda is an integrated quality of the individual, which consists in preserving and observing moral values in the conditions of an aggressive environment, misinformation, manipulation of enemy propaganda, influence on the psyche and determines the ability of the individual to actively oppose and protect freedom, democracy and Ukraine's sovereignty from external and internal threats. Moral self-awareness, critical thinking, volitional motivation, moral assessment, self-control are the psychological mechanisms of training cadets' moral resistance to the manipulative influences of enemy propaganda. The basic moral values of the education of moral stability are (patriotism defines a valuable attitude towards Ukraine, devotion and loyalty to the military oath, service to the Ukrainian people and readiness to protect the territorial integrity of the state.), responsibility (the perceived freedom of a specific individual in making moral decisions, choosing goals and adequate means of achieving them), dignity (reflects a moral attitude towards oneself, towards society, towards one's mission to protect Ukraine and is associated with a sense of military duty). Ways of forming cadets' moral resistance to the manipulative influence of enemy propaganda have been determined, which involve mastery of etiquette, information hygiene, and media literacy.

Social psychology of the family: current state and development prospects

This article reveals the relevance of the study of the family issue, as well as the essence of the socio-psychological approach to its understanding. It analyzes the history, approaches to the definition, and classification of external and internal threats to family sustainability and security. These include several dozen economic, social, psychological, and other factors, including destructive conflicts, which together make up an interconnected system complex (profiling). The article also examines the practice of overcoming these threats in order to ensure the stability and security of the family. These circumstances allow speaking about the social psychology of the family as an independent branch that is under development.

Exercise therapy for chronic pain: How does exercise change the limbic brain function?

We are exposed to various external and internal threats which might hurt us. The role of taking flexible and appropriate actions against threats is played by “the limbic system” and at the heart of it there is the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens (brain reward system). Pain-related fear causes excessive excitation of amygdala, which in turn causes the suppression of medial prefrontal cortex, leading to chronification of pain.Since the limbic system of chronic pain patients is functionally impaired, they are maladaptive to their situations, unable to take goal-directed behavior and are easily caught by fear-avoidance thinking.We describe the neural mechanisms how exercise activates the brain reward system and enables chronic pain patients to take goal-directed behavior and overcome fear-avoidance thinking. A key to getting out from chronic pain state is to take advantage of the behavioral switching function of the basal nucleus of amygdala. We show that exercise activates positive neurons in this nucleus which project to the nucleus accumbens and promote reward behavior.We also describe fear conditioning and extinction are affected by exercise. In chronic pain patients, the fear response to pain is enhanced and the extinction of fear memories is impaired, so it is difficult to get out of “fear-avoidance thinking”. Prolonged avoidance of movement and physical inactivity exacerbate pain and have detrimental effects on the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems.Based on the recent findings on multiple bran networks, we propose a well-balanced exercise prescription considering the adherence and pacing of exercise practice. We conclude that therapies targeting the mesocortico-limbic system, such as exercise therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy, may become promising tools in the fight against chronic pain.

MANAGEMENT CONTROL IN THE SYSTEM OF ENSURING THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF PRIVATE COMPANIES AND PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS

The essence of economic security as an object of management is revealed, as the one consisting in protection from external and internal threats, the presence of competitive advantages due to the correspondence of the material, financial, personnel, technical and technological potentials and the organizational structure of the organization to its strategic goals and objectives. The differences and common features of the concept of economic security and the corresponding management control together with its tools at the business level (micro level) and the level of public administration institutions (macro level) are considered.

DIAGNOSTICS OF FINANCIAL SECURITY IN THE INTERNAL AUDIT SYSTEM OF THE ENTERPRISE

The purpose of writing the article is to diagnose the indicators that characterize the level of financial security of the enterprise, as well as to analyze the factors that influenced their change. In the process of research, it was established that the financial security of enterprises is a determining factor contributing to their effective functioning. We established that financial security determines the limit state of financial stability in which the enterprise must be in order to implement its strategy, characterized by the enterprise's ability to resist external and internal threats. We examined that the situation that has developed in recent years at the enterprise contributed to the improvement of its financial condition and provision of financial resources. One of the most significant problems of ensuring the financial security of modern enterprises is the lack of analytical work to assess its reliability and level. The inability to assess existing threats to financial security leads to the impossibility of eliminating them, which ultimately causes the inefficiency of the company's financial activities. We substantiated that the main tasks of financial security are: building reliable financial control over compliance with the main parameters of financial security; creation of a favorable investment climate; creation of a unified state information field regarding threats to financial security; gradual introduction of indicators - benchmarks of financial security; transferring payments exclusively to monetary form and modernizing the functioning of the payment structure; promoting the increase of export of products; activation of development of financial and credit infrastructure, etc. We established that in order to ensure financial security at the enterprise and the ability to predict risks, there must be a system of financial security management bodies that must diagnose the state of the enterprise, forecast possible threats and take measures that will contribute to ensuring the stability and economic security of the enterprise as a whole.

The National Police of Ukraine activities in the sphere of ensuring national security

The article is devoted to the study of theoretical and practical issues of organisation and legal support of the National Police in the field of national security of Ukraine. The relevance of the chosen topic has been substantiated and a general analysis of the state of scientific research on this issue has been carried out. The regulatory and legal acts and scientific sources which make up the content of the National Police's activities in the field of ensuring national security of Ukraine have been analysed. The essence of the theoretical provisions of the scientific categories “security”, “national security”, “security and defence sector entities”, “National Police”, “legal regulation”, as well as the practice of their consolidation in legislation have been investigated. It has been provided the author's understanding of the concept of national security as a state of protection of the state sovereignty, constitutional order, public order, economic, scientific, technical and defence potential, information sphere and state secrets from external and internal threats, from any manifestations of unlawful encroachments, which is achieved by applying a system of measures of political, economic, organisational, legal, military, ideological and other nature, proportionate to the threats to the national interests of Ukraine.
 In the course of analysis of the provisions of legal acts on national security, a range of tasks and powers of its subjects has been determined, and the peculiarities of implementation of measures in certain areas of security activities have been considered. The main directions and tasks of ensuring national security by the units of the National Police in accordance with the current legislation of Ukraine have been reviewed.

ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION THROUGH THE PRISM OF THE FORMATION OF TERRITORIES OF SUSTAINABLE INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT

The current period of economic formation is characterized by the active development of global processes and global crises, which are accompanied by the strengthening and aggravation of relations between countries, the aggravation of political and economic problems, which ultimately entails a loss of stability and the potential for their development. In this connection, the most important problem is ensuring the economic security of the country, which is necessary not only for its independence and the protection of its economy from external and internal threats, but also will ensure the economic sovereignty of the country and the unity of its economic space. It is impossible to imagine the economic security of a country without an innovative component that combines various types of resources: technical, technological, managerial, infrastructural and other resources and factors affecting the implementation of innovative processes that are the basis of modern socio-economic development of countries and regions.
 Preparation and implementation of projects to create a new formation of sustainable innovative development of the territory, taking into account the specific features of the development of cities and their regions during the period of deep transformational changes in the world economy is a priority task
 The analysis makes it possible to conclude that it is necessary to develop a systematic approach to the formation of territories of sustainable innovative development, taking into account the assessment of the relationship between improving the efficiency of socio-economic development of the region with a stabilizing effect and the initialization of an innovative breakthrough in the activities of enterprises and organizations in the global global crisis.
 Purpose. Development of a systematic approach to the formation of territories of sustainable innovative development in the context of the global crisis in order to ensure the economic security of the region.
 Methodology in article: methods as classification, generalization, typology, analysis and synthesis, comparison and comparison, method of logical interpretation, method of analogy, method of proof, method of logical justification.
 Results: Specific methods and tools for creating territories of innovative development of a new formation are formulated within the framework of economic transformations carried out in the country under the conditions of sanctions pressure in order to increase the level of national economic security.
 Practical implications it is advisable to apply the results obtained to improve the quality of management in the formation of an innovative strategy for the economic security of the subjects of the Russian Federation

Domestic Terrorism in the United States of America after the Attacks September 11, 2001 A statistical study of the role of the extreme right))


 
 
 
 The United States of America faces many internal threats and challenges, and terrorism is one of the most significant challenges and threats. The years following the attacks of (September 11, 2001) witnessed a substantial decrease in the rate of external (foreign) terrorism in the United States, at a time when domestic terrorism witnessed an apparent rise at unprecedented rates in the last two decades. There are four main categories of ideologies in the United States of America: the far right, the far left, religious extremism, and ethnic extremism. The far right is the first and most significant challenge and threat to the United States, as the operations and attacks of this wing have increased rapidly in terms of quality and quantity. Within this wing, there are many movements, and white extremists and anti-government extremists are considered the most critical movements. It is a statistical study that tries to shed light on domestic terrorism in the United States of America after the 11 September 2001 attacks by collecting data from American formal and informal institutions. The study utilizes the quantitative approach as a tool for analyzing these data.
 
 
 

ПІДВИЩЕННЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА ЯК ЧИННИК УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ПРОЦЕСУ УПРАВЛІННЯ ЙОГО ЕКОНОМІЧНОЮ БЕЗПЕКОЮ

The article examines the role and significance of the enterprise's competitiveness as an important factor affecting its economic security in the context of its management in the conditions of a full-scale war between russia and Ukraine. It has been established that today there are no or insufficiently effective security mechanisms, which does not contribute to the realization by enterprises, in particular industrial ones, of adequate response, adaptation to external and internal threats and their elimination in order to prevent its destruction as an important element of the socio-economic system. In particular, the essence of competitiveness and indicators of its assessment, changes in the sources of the formation of competitive advantages of economic entities as a result of the transition from a pre-industrial society to an industrial and post-industrial one were considered, and it was concluded that in a post-industrial society the dominant sphere of economic activity is the sphere of services and an important role in the formation and development innovation plays a role in business. The positive and negative features of competition and the functions it performs in modern economic conditions are considered, as a result of which it directly affects the efficiency of production in case of increasing its technical level, ensuring and improving quality and expanding the range of products, and therefore the economic security of the enterprise. Attention is focused on the expediency of developing measures adequate to modern conditions to support and increase the level of competitiveness of both the domestic economy as a whole and individual enterprises. It is emphasized that with the appearance of competitive new products, in addition to competitive advantages, threats and risks arise from the external environment, which determines the existence of a connection between competitiveness and economic security of the enterprise. The economic security of the enterprise is characterized and a number of its functional goals are outlined. A conclusion was made about the expediency of developing and implementing a security mechanism adequate to modern conditions in order to restore the economy of Ukraine in the post-war period.

Security environment of the state in the context of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine activities

The article investigates the essence of the “security environment” concept, which has recently been used to define the goals and areas of the security and defence sector of Ukraine, and also identifies its structural elements. The term “security environment” is a combination of two concepts – “security” and “environment”. “Security” means the state of protection of vital interests of an individual, society and the state from external and internal threats, and “environment” means a set of certain conditions in which an individual, society or state exists. The concept of “security environment” in Ukrainian legislation and in the national scientific literature is mainly used in the field of military security and defence review. The concept of “security environment” (in the context of the existence of a state or a set of states) should be applied when referring to the set of conditions and factors of its existence that provide such a state with protection from internal and external threats. Based on the analysis of the Ukrainian researchers’ publications, as well as the works of foreign scholars, the author identifies the main types of security environments depending on the characteristics of threats to such environments: external and internal. The external security environment is associated with the elimination of external threats and mostly concerns the military and foreign policy spheres. The internal security environment is formed by minimising internal threats, some of which fall within the direct responsibility of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine.
 The correlation of the term “security environment” with related categories, in particular, “national security”, “state security”, “internal security” has been determined. The concept of “national security” actually describes the desired overall state of the security environment of a particular country, which affects the regional or global security environment. The state of national security is actually a characteristic of the overall security environment of the state.
 It has been proved that the MIA of Ukraine is a subject of formation and development of the internal security environment of Ukraine. The security environment in the context of the MIA of Ukraine is a set of internal spheres of the country’s socio-political life in which the Ministry of Internal Affairs forms the State policy and exercises its powers as a security and defence sector entity with the aim of ensuring sustainable development of the State and protecting vital interests of a person and society.

THE FORMATION OF A CONCEPTUAL AND CATEGORICAL APPARATUS FOR RESEARCH ON THE MANAGEMENT OF THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF AGRARIAN ENTERPRISES

Initial conceptualization of economic security issues, its systematization, and logicization with the help of basic conceptual structures creates prerequisites for understanding the principles and methods of analysis of manifestations, resource base, and trends of economic security development. Within the framework of various economic paradigms, they are developing their approaches to the content and technology of the cognitive process, its capabilities, and reliability. Taking into account the geostrategic tasks of Ukraine, the experience of implementing the state food security strategy, it is essential to rethink the concept of Ukraine’s national interests in the economic sphere, assess new challenges and threats to economic security and, on this basis, prepare a new state strategy, as well as a mechanism for its implementation. The systems of economic activity, management, and compliance with the economic security of subjects of economic relations differ functionally and spatially. A significant part of economic phenomena, processes, several business entities, and economic relations are beyond the influence of the elements of the economic security system. All this actualizes the problem of analyzing information at the “output”, primarily indicators of the effectiveness of the functioning of enterprises, organizations, individual industries, the quality and standard of living of employees, and the population as a whole, since these indicators act not only as indicators of social and economic well-being but also as criteria, by which it is possible to judge the level of internal threats to ensure sustainable and safe economic development. In the conditions of free market relations, the process of decentralizing the state management system in ensuring economic security, the role of economic managers of agro-industrial complex enterprises and organizations of all forms of ownership, vast and medium, is increasing. The content of this type of management, its functional, technological, and other features, is primarily determined by the state of the country’s economy and its industries as an object of management. Ensuring the economic security of enterprises in the agrarian sector of Ukraine depends on the constituent structures of the agricultural sector since the agrarian sector is closely connected with the entire agrarian complex of the country.

Правовые вопросы защиты коммерческой тайны работодателя

В статье определены меры, принимаемые работодателем по охране информации, составляющей коммерческую тайну, условия отнесения информации к коммерческой тайне. Указаны действия, которые может предпринять работодатель для снижения внутренней угрозы от незаконного разглашения коммерческой тайны. Предложено предусмотреть в трудовом договоре с руководителем организации его обязанность по обеспечению охраны конфиденциальности, составляющей коммерческую тайну информации, обладателем которой являются организация и ее контрагенты, и ответственность за обеспечение охраны конфиденциальности этой информации. Автор утверждает, что условие трудового договора о неразглашении охраняемой законом тайны (государственной, служебной, профессиональной или коммерческой) должно относиться к числу обязательных при наличии таких видов тайн в организации, в случае если работник в установленном законом порядке допущен к соответствующей информации. Также предложено предусмотреть в Трудовом кодексе Республики Казахстан условие о неразглашении информации, составляющей коммерческую тайну, и после прекращения трудовых отношений, а также обязанность работника возместить работодателю ущерб в случае разглашения этой информации. Обоснована необходимость разработки комплекса правовых норм, в котором необходимо определить пределы договоренностей сторон и уровень компенсации для работника. Автор считает, что имущественные интересы обладателя прав на коммерческую тайну необходимо защищать в рамках трудового законодательства, а именно ввести элементы гражданско-правовой ответственности, а в случае разглашения коммерческой тайны после прекращения трудового договора — привлечь работника к гражданско-правовой ответственности и к возмещению убытков через суд.