Internal Factors Research Articles

Enhancing microwave dielectric properties of Li4NbO4F for LTCC applications through tantalum ion doping

The atomic scale variation of tantalum ion doped Li4NbO4F ceramics is initially predicted through first principle calculations. Subsequently, Li4Nb(1-x)TaxO4F (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.10) ceramics are prepared using the solid phase reaction method. After sintering at 875 °C for 4hours, the Li4Nb0.96Ta0.04O4F ceramics exhibit optimum dielectric properties: εr = 14.73 ± 0.19, Q × f = 83,439 ± 2810GHz (@9.31GHz, improved by 41%), τf = - 28.33 ± 1.36 ppm/°C. Both the increase in relative density from 95.9 ± 0.32% to 96.2 ± 0.34% and the increase in grain size from 14.9 μm to 15.6 μm are non-intrinsic factors that contribute to the optimization of the dielectric properties. Instead, the internal factors suggest that the primary cause of the gradual decrease in εr is the redshift of the Raman wave number. The reduction in dielectric loss is attributable to the weakening of damping behavior, as well as the increase in lattice energy and electron cloud density. Finally, promising potential of Li4Nb0.96Ta0.04O4F ceramics for low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) applications is indicated by their favourable chemical compatibility with Ag electrodes.

Hubungan Kemandirian, Sikap, dan Motivasi dengan Hasil Belajar Biologi Kelas XI IPA SMA

Students' Biology learning outcomes are influenced by two factors, namely internal and external factors. Internal factors that can influence learning outcomes are independence, attitude and learning motivation. This research aims to investigate the relationship between independence, attitudes and learning motivation and biology learning outcomes. This research is ex post facto research. The research instrument is a questionnaire used to obtain data on independence, attitudes and motivation to learn. Documentation is used to obtain biology learning outcomes scores. Data collection on independence, attitudes and motivation to learn was carried out through giving questionnaires to students. Learning outcome data is obtained from daily test scores. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis with product moment correlation tests, simple and multiple regression. The results of the research show that (i) students' learning independence is in the high category, (ii) students' learning attitudes are in the positive category, (iii) students' learning motivation is in the high category, (iv) students' biology learning outcomes are in the very high category, (v) there is a strong relationship between independence and biology learning outcomes, with a correlation value of 0.680, (vi) there is a strong relationship between attitudes and biology learning outcomes, with a correlation value of 0.663, (vii) there is a strong relationship moderate between motivation and biology learning outcomes, with a correlation value of 0.453, (viii) there is a strong relationship between independence, attitude and motivation and biology learning outcomes with a correlation value of 0.730.

Strategi Rekrutmen Dosen Berbasis Matrik S.W.O.T. di Institut Agama Islam Al Muhammad Cepu

High institution needed the management of employment resources that were suitable, fair, and selective. However, the educational workers from private institution frequently considered as low quality workers because they could not be competitive with others. Al Muhammad Cepu High Institute has a fixed strategies for the recruitment of lecturers from Assistant Professor (AA/Asisten Ahli) up to Full Professor (Guru Besar/GB). In this study, the current researchers aimed to describe strategies in recruiting lecturers. Those strategies was reached based on the S.W.O.T. matrix analysis with the internal and external factors. This was descriptive research by completing the collaborative approach between qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative data were identifications of internal external factors and synchronization of any norm and applicable rules related to lecturer’s recruitment. Quantitative data were tabulation of IFAS AND EFAS factors. Next, the writers have found two strategies for recruiting functional-level lecturers that were; 1) open-ended recruitment, and 2) closed-ended recruitment. Moreover, from the current employment data and those applicable recruitment systems, the researchers processed the findings by using the S.W.O.T. approach. This process occurred in some steps like a)identifying internal and external factors, and b)composing IFAS (Internal Factor Analysis Strategy) and EFAS (External Factor Analysis Strategy), c) confirming the statistical rate starts from 0,00 up to 1,00, d) taking the level from the number of 1,00 up to 4,00, and e) making quadrant matrix and relativity ratio, and 4)explain the challenges, obstacles, and opportunities.

Al-Akhţā’ Aş-Şautiyyah Fī Qirāati Al-Qurān Ladā Ţullābi Aş-Şaf Aś-Śāmin Fī Madrasati Al-Mutawassiţah Li Muassasati Tarbiyyati Aş-Şibyān Bi Sukābūmī

This research aims to identify the forms of phonological errors in reading the Qur’an among eighth-grade students in the junior hight school of the Boys’ at PUI YATSHI in Sukabumi. I used The researcher provides a qualitative introduction to the descriptive case study approach. The results of the research showed that there are three common types of phonetic errors, which are letter transposition, negligence in performing the adjective of the letter, and errors in the vowel. The factors that lead to these errors are divided into two parts: For internal factors and external factors. The internal factors are: the students’ unfamiliarity, the uniqueness of Arabic with some letters, the students’ leniency in vocal performance, their natural altruism, pedantry or exaggeration in eloquence, pronunciation defects, and the habit of reading incorrectly from the beginning of learning the Qur’an. The external factors are: Lack of a lesson in teaching the Holy Qur’an per week, lack of reading the Qur’an and training in correct reading, and lack of interest on the part of the family.

FAKTOR PENYUMBANG KEPADA PENGGUNAAN TEKNOLOGI DI SEKTOR INDUSTRI KECIL DAN SEDERHANA: SATU TINJAUAN AWAL DI TERENGGANU

This paper is a research on the contributing factors to the use of technology in the small and medium enterprises (SME) sector. The objective of the study is to explore the factors that contribute to the use of technology. This research was conducted using qualitative methods involving entrepreneurs in the Dungun and Kemaman districts of Terengganu, under the Terengganu State Development Project, with 7 (seven) respondents. The findings from this study indicate that there are two main factors contributing to the use of technology: internal factors such as costs, labour or workers, time factors, and technology factors, which include adaptability, quality, goals, and functionality of the technology itself; and external factors, such as assistance from the government or government agencies and support from third parties. This study has successfully achieved its objectives.

SKIN HEALTH PARAMETER MONITORING SYSTEM

Skin conditions, influenced by both internal bodily factors and external environmental elements, affect millions worldwide. Among these, environmental factors play a vital role, impacting skin health in many ways. In response to this issue, the prototype system provides real-time data on environmental parameters crucial for skin wellness. It integrates sensors to monitor temperature, humidity, UV radiation, and skin moisture, all connected to a microcontroller. This data is displayed on an LCD screen and transmitted to a website and mobile application (APK). Users receive alerts when sensor readings exceed predefined thresholds, suggesting necessary precautions. Additionally, the system features an IP webcam for capturing skin images, which are analysed to provide insights and skincare recommendations. This innovative approach bridges the gap between environmental factors and skin health, promoting proactive measures against environmental stressors. By providing real-time data and actionable insights, the prototype empowers users to make informed decisions about their skincare regimen. The system represents a significant advancement in skincare technology, offering comprehensive monitoring and management of environmental conditions and skin health. With its real-time functionality, recommendations, and proactive alerts, the system has the potential to greatly enhance users’ skincare routines and overall skin health. Key Words: Skin health, environmental monitoring, real time data, sensor integration, image analysis, proactive measures

Development of the Indonesian Version of the Object-Spatial Imagery and Verbal Questionnaire (IDN-OSIVQ)

Developing the Indonesian Version of the Object-Spatial Imagery and Verbal Questionnaire (IDN-OSIVQ) aims to create a culturally adapted and validated instrument for assessing object-spatial imagery abilities in the Indonesian population. The research utilized a developmental method to test the instrument's reliability and validity through rigorous adaptation procedures, including translation, back-translation, expert review, and pilot testing. Data from 153 students were analyzed to establish the internal consistency, construct validity, and factor structure of the IDN-OSIVQ. Results showed that the IDN-OSIVQ scales had satisfactory internal reliability, with principal component analysis confirming distinct and coherent factors. Object imagery had the highest average score (3.6662), while spatial imagery had the lowest (3.1765). Criterion validity was established as participants' ratings correlated favorably with corresponding tasks. Gender differences were observed: men scored higher on spatial imagery and women on object imagery, yet these differences did not overshadow the strong associations between cognitive style ratings and objective measures. The cultural adaptation process ensured the questionnaire's relevance and comprehensibility, enhancing its applicability. The findings support the IDN-OSIVQ as a reliable and valid tool, suggesting future research should involve more diverse age groups.

Differentiated Learning: Teachers' Understanding of Sekolah Penggerak Program at Deli Serdang District North Sumatera

This research aims to describe the level of understanding of secondary school teachers in the Deli Serdang area regarding differentiated learning in the Independent Curriculum that applies in Indonesia. This research is quantitative survey research. Population: The subjects of this research were high school teachers in Deli Serdang Regency, totalling 366 people, with a sample of 216 people selected by random sampling. Data was collected through a survey using a closed questionnaire. The data analysis technique uses the Mann-Whitney test to see differences in teachers' understanding of differentiated learning in public and private schools participating in the Driving School Program. The research results show that the level of teacher understanding of differentiated learning in private schools is moderate, and the level of understanding of teachers in state schools is in the high category. Based on the Driving School Program, which does not differentiate between the status of public and private schools in funding and program assistance, differences in understanding occur due to several internal and external factors found in schools, such as principal leadership, teacher competency, and different teacher statuses in the two types of schools. In conclusion, the Mobilizing School Program provides the same treatment in public and private schools and has the same programs and assistance. However, teachers' understanding of learning varies, which certainly impacts the learning process and learning outcomes.

MAXIMIZING THE COLLECTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ZAKAT AND INFAQ (A CASE STUDY ON LAZ ZAKAT SUKSES)

Introduction: Indonesia possesses a significant potential for Zakah, yet the collected amount currently only reaches around 4.3%. This requires a diligent and dedicated effort to continuously enhance the growth of the collection, one of which is through the management strategy of Zakat Institutions. This research focuses on LAZ Zakat Sukses, the Best City-level LAZ at the National level with outstanding performance. Methods: This study aims to ascertain the internal and external factors held by the institution and determine the most appropriate strategy to maximize its performance achievements. Employing a qualitative descriptive research method involving internal and external analysis, this research utilizes matrices such as IFE, EFE, SWOT, IE, BCG, and QSPM. Results: The findings of this research indicate that the most suitable strategy for this Institution based on its current fundamental conditions is Market Development. Market development is a strategy aimed at expanding the organization's reach by entering new markets or segments with existing products or services. Conclusion and suggestion: Particularly expanding into new territories, is a promising direction for Zakat Sukses. Key points and actions to consider when implementing this strategy are Geographical Expansion, Strategic Partnerships, Strengthen Volunteer Network, Synergy and Collaborative Programs, Digital Platform Expansion, Fundraising and Program Distribution, Monitoring and Evaluation, Communication and Outreach, Risk Management, Sustainability. Successful market development and expansion require careful planning, strong execution, and adaptability to changing circumstances.

Investigating the impact of building facades and finishing materials on the sustainable architectural identity of housing: A case study of Kabul

The architectural identities of a city and its surroundings are crucial for maintaining its quality and preserving its unique features. The cities of Afghanistan have undergone significant changes in their identities due to various internal and external factors. These factors have altered or destroyed the identity of the city, leading to the loss of architectural identity and increased confusion in numerous cities in Afghanistan. Throughout history, the city of Kabul, the largest city, has struggled to maintain an identifiable architectural style due to the rapid growth of informal settlements. Recently, large glass and synthetic material facades have become prominent features of Kabul’s urban landscape. These structures represent a new era of modernity, in contrast to the traditional mud-colored buildings that have long dominated the city’s architecture style. The purpose of this research is to explore the influence of building façades and finishing materials on Kabul's sustainable architectural identity, with the goal of studying the relationship between residential building design features and the city's cultural, social, and historical environment. The study utilizes a mixed-methods approach, which involves conducting a comprehensive literature analysis and a field study that involves collecting data through observations, interviews, and questionnaires to achieve its objectives. The findings indicate that the selection of building façades and finishing materials has a significant impact on the sustainable architectural identity of Kabul. This study offers valuable insights for policymakers, architects, urban planners, and other stakeholders involved in shaping a sustainable built environment for Kabul and other similar cities in Afghanistan.

Mental Health and Behavior of Teenagers Who Come from Broken Home Families

In this life, humans from birth until now always experience changes, both physically and mentally, both negative and positive changes. These changes are nothing but the result of human work, creativity and initiative which always develops and progresses over time. In broken households, some teenagers often experience mental depression (mental pressure), so that teenagers are not comfortable living in their families, which usually has an impact on teenagers' poor social behavior or giving rise to various forms of delinquency, Not all teenagers can go through their development process and develop well, if there is no full support from internal and external factors that influence their development. A large number of teenagers experience failure in achieving their developmental tasks, one of which is falling into juvenile delinquent behavior. This research uses a library research approach, in the form of research with objects in the form of library works, especially scientific journals, books, articles and information obtained via the internet. And from the results of the research, it was found that teenagers who experienced broken homes had a damaged mentality and experienced forms of bad behavior and various forms of delinquency that they committed. And this research also aims to describe the forms of mental health and delinquency in adolescents in broken home families.

Determinants of Bank’s Financial Stability in Pakistan

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of both internal and external factors in achieving better stability in context of Pakistani banking industry. The internal determinants that this research study have used are bank size, funding risk, liquidity risk, credit risk and return on assets while external variables utilized includes money supply and unemployment rate. The study contains 10 years secondary data over the period 2013-2022 of 24 commercial banks of Pakistan. This study conducted correlation analysis and GMM model estimation for analysis. The findings show that liquidity risk, bank profitability, funding risk and bank size have positive and significant impact on bank stability. On the other hand, credit risk effects negatively bank stability. The result showed that money supply positively affects the stability of banks in Pakistan. On the contrary, unemployment is negatively affecting banks stability. The findings of this study have important implications for policymakers, regulators, banks, investors, and other stakeholders in the Pakistani banking sector. By enhancing the understanding of the factors influencing bank stability, the research contributes to identifying the importance of development of evidence-based policies, risk management strategies, and regulatory reforms aimed at development of a stable and resilient banking system in Pakistan.

PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN HUKUM TERHADAP ANAK SEBAGAI PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA KEKERASAN SEKSUAL

The aim of this research is to determine the factors that cause children to commit criminal acts of sexual violence, as well as to find out and analyze how judges consider in handing down decisions against children as perpetrators of criminal acts of sexual violence in the case of Decision Number 1/Pid.Sus-Anak/2020 /PN Sgt. The method applied in this research is a normative legal research method. This method includes research on library materials which are studied using a statutory approach and a case approach. The legal materials used include primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The results of this research are the factors that cause children to commit criminal acts of sexual violence, namely: internal factors originating from within the individual, such as the child's mental, biological and moral conditions, as well as external factors originating from the environment, including socio-cultural, economic and mass media that is easily accessed by children to view adult content. Furthermore, the panel of judges in deciding case No. 1/Pid.Sus-Anak/2020/PN Sgt. It was appropriate to apply Article 76 D of Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning child protection, however the sentences handed down to perpetrators of criminal acts of sexual violence were too light. Children as perpetrators of criminal acts receive legal protection, however, sanctions for these criminal acts should not be too light considering that it is feared that they will not have a deterrent effect on the perpetrators and disrupt order and the general interests of society.

ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS' LEARNING DIFFICULTIES IN COMPLETING ROLE PLAYING PROJECTS SEMINAR COURSES MECHANICAL ENGINEERING EDUCATIONAL STUDY PROGRAM PALANGKA RAYA UNIVERSITY

The Teaching and Education Faculty (FKIP), especially the Mechanical Engineering Education Study Program at Palangka Raya University, seminar courses are compulsory subjects in Semester Seven. The factors that influence the learning difficulties experienced by Mechanical Engineering Education students can be classified into two, namely internal factors and external factors. The purpose of this study was to analyze what factors cause student learning difficulties in completing the Role Playing project in the Mechanical Engineering Education Study Program seminar course. The research used in this research is mix methods research. This research was conducted at the Mechanical Engineering Education Study Program, University of Palangka Raya, which is located at Jl. Yos Sudarso, Palangka, District. Jekan Raya, Palangka Raya City, Central Kalimantan. In this study, the subjects were Mechanical Engineering Education students who experienced difficulties in learning seminars in the odd semester of the 2021/2022 academic year. The research subjects have been selected as many as 31 students. This study uses a questionnaire instrument as a tool to collect data in the form of numbers. The research results show that the factors causing student learning difficulties in completing the Role Playing project in the Mechanical Engineering Education Study Program seminar course are viewed from: 1) Internal factors, namely the health indicator is 77%, the interest indicator is 87%, the talent indicator is 74%, the motivation indicator is 55%, indicators of cognitive abilities that are equal to 55%, indicators of study habits that are equal to 74%, indicators of understanding of learning objectives that are equal to 61%; 2) External factors, namely the lecturer's ability indicator, which is 77%, the lecturer's teaching method indicator, which is 77%, the study program's social environment indicator, which is 71%, the learning building condition indicator, which is 84%, the parental support indicator, which is 77%, An indicator of the student's economic condition is 71%.

Инструменты разработки стратегии развития образовательной экосистемы аспирантуры вуза

Determining the prospects for the development of socio-economic systems is associated with the procedures for developing a strategy, usually based on the results of an analysis of external and internal environmental factors and the subsequent determination of goals, from which the core of the strategy is formed. However, the distribution of methods for implementing strategy development algorithms and their combination largely depends on the object of development. The university's postgraduate studies are specific both in terms of regulatory support and the structure of the postgraduate course itself. Of particular interest is the university’s graduate school, the structure of which is distributed across a branch network, which opens up the possibility of considering the prospects for the development of graduate school from the point of view of the ecosystem approach. The work shows that with the help of well-known methods and procedures for conducting analysis and synthesis within the framework of the proposed algorithm, it is possible to build strategic prospects for the development of a network of postgraduate schools of university branches, aimed at increasing the effectiveness of the defense of postgraduate graduates, while solving the problems of the development of territories, government and business in based on synergistic effects characteristic of ecosystems.

Государственное регулирование туризма в Российской Федерации в контексте динамики международных отношений

The article analyzes the internal and external factors influencing the development of tourism, including government policy, economic trends, infrastructural opportunities and international cooperation. Special attention is paid to the conceptual criteria defining tourism as a change of location, temporary stay and non-commercial travel purposes. The authors of the article consider the current trends and risks associated with tourism in Russia, as well as consider strategies and measures that can contribute to the sustainable development of the tourism industry in the country. The article offers a comprehensive approach to assessing the tourism potential of Russian regions, emphasizing the importance of separating attractiveness and quality of service in order to optimize tourist flows and increase the attractiveness of Russian tourism for both domestic and foreign visitors.

Bureaucratic Reform through Public Policy Implementing Quality Dimensions in Integrated Licensing Services

The bureaucratic reform of the licensing service sector in Gorontalo City was followed up by Regional Regulation Number 14 of 2006 concerning the establishment of a one-stop integrated service unit. However, the integrated service unit has not been able to provide quality services as expected. Therefore, this research is very important to provide corrections and improvements to publicly accessible licensing services. The scope of the study on the two services has reviewed the procedures carried out in the two selected services from the beginning until the licensing documents were issued. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method through an in-depth and comprehensive study of the series of licensing services. The results showed that 1) there are differences in the application of public service dimensions in environmental permit services and building permits. 2) several factors determine the success of licensing services, namely internal factors and external factors. Internal factors include general management patterns of the organization and the provision of supporting facilities, as well as human resource development. External factors include service patterns, service provision procedures, and service distribution patterns, as well as service delivery patterns. This research provides positive benefits in the efforts of local governments to innovate public licensing services. The practical implications of the research results encourage the organization of regional equipment to meet the facility standards needed to provide quality public services.

Analysis of Factors Affecting the Performance of Stock Investment Portfolios in Indonesia

Indonesia's capital market is experiencing rapid growth, attracting investors to invest in stocks. The performance of a stock investment portfolio is influenced by a variety of internal and external factors. Understanding these factors is important for investors in making informed investment decisions. This study aims to analyze the factors that affect the performance of stock investment portfolios in Indonesia using the literature review method. The literature review method allows for a systematic review of relevant literature and produces comprehensive findings. The results of this study are expected to provide a clear picture of the factors affecting the performance of stock investment portfolios in Indonesia and become a reference for investors in making more informed and measurable investment decisions.

Risk Transmission in Low-Carbon Supply Chains Considering Corporate Risk Aversion

In order to study the impact of risk aversion characteristics of enterprises on supply chain risk transmission, the risk aversion utility function is introduced, and the risk elasticity coefficient is used to construct a supplier-dominated low-carbon supply chain risk transmission model. Simulation analysis is conducted to investigate the transmission of emission reduction and revenue risks caused by internal and external contingent risk factors. The study reveals that under conditions of market demand uncertainty, the risk transmission effect is unaffected by the risk aversion characteristics of members in the low-carbon supply chain. While the risk-aversion characteristics of suppliers can decrease their own profit risk, they have a negative effect on the profit risk of manufacturers and the emission reduction risk of supply chain nodes. There exists a critical threshold for the impact of the risk-aversion degree of suppliers on their own emission reduction risk transmission effect. When this threshold is exceeded, the emission reduction risk decreases with increasing risk aversion intensity of suppliers, and vice versa. The risk aversion characteristics of manufacturers can weaken the negative effect of supplier risk aversion on the fluctuation risk of manufacturer profits, but they exacerbate the emission reduction risk transmission effect of manufacturers under asymmetric information influence. The findings have important theoretical and practical implications for supply chain risk management.

Factors Influencing Comprehension of Metaphors in Academic Reading Texts among Iraqi EFL Learners

Metaphor is recognized as a valuable tool for analysis and as a means to effectively convey meaning. Although metaphor is supposed to be used to effectively convey meaning, learners of English, particularly those in the foreign language context, often have difficulty comprehending metaphors in academic text. The current study aims to contribute to understand deeply of the influencing factors on metaphor comprehension among Iraqi EFL learners when they read academic texts. The study draws on Steen’s (2010) MIPVU model and Lakoff and Johnson’s (1980) Conceptual Metaphor Theory to identify and analyze the metaphorical expressions. The data for the study were collected from two academic reading comprehension texts. Five Iraqi EFL university learners participated in determining the metaphors contained in the texts. The findings revealed that authors of academic texts often incorporate a wide range of metaphorical expressions. These expressions can vary in their familiarity, ranging from very familiar to less familiar and even unfamiliar, to engage readers’ cognitive processes and facilitate the conceptualization of the metaphor. The findings revealed that the factors influencing metaphor comprehension are varied and that they are of two broad types: external factors related to cultural and social considerations, and internal factors related to linguistic and educational settings. The findings could enable practitioners to devise more effective approaches for teaching metaphor comprehension to EFL learners.