Internal Factors Research Articles

An empirical evidence on the impact of social customer relationship management on the small and medium enterprises performance

Social media has swiftly established itself as a primary source of products’ information for customers. Nowadays, Small and Medium-size Enterprises (SMEs) can use social media to develop Customer Relationship Management platforms (social CRM). Firms, particularly SMEs in developing countries need to understand the factors affecting their performance by implementing social CRM. However, there is a dearth of awareness on the impact of social CRM on the performance of SMEs. This study proposes an integrated model that aims to investigate the effects of social CRM on SMEs’ performance. The model is constructed by incorporating three dominant theoretical frameworks: the Fit-Viability Model (FVM), Network Externalities, and the Resource-Based View (RBV). A cross-sectional survey was used to gather data from 149 SMEs managerial staff. Findings revealed that almost 50% of the variability in the performance of SMEs is explained by the fitness and viability of social CRM. In addition, network externalities of social media significantly impact the social CRM fitness in the context of SMEs with path coefficient 0.617. Furthermore, the internal financial resources factor makes sCRM viable for SMEs as the results show significant relationship between the internal financial resources and the sCRM viability with 0.536 path coefficient. Manager innovativeness, IT knowledge, top management support, and government assistance, on the other hand, do not contribute significantly to the viability of social CRM for SMEs. The model aids SMEs in making well-informed decisions regarding the adoption of social CRM by evaluating both the suitability of social media for CRM tasks and the enterprise preparedness to implement social CRM, leading to enhanced performance.

Tourism-industrial atmosphere and executive change: How can they impact firms? - A mixed context analysis study

The current context-turnover paradigm offers a theoretical understanding related to the influence of executive turnover, emphasizing the significance of the internal and physical factors. However, there is a lack of well-theorized and empirical evidence regarding the role of industrial atmosphere. We argue that tourism firms can time executive turnover to optimize its influence by referring to event-atmosphere context. We propose a context analytic approach to comprehensively investigate the aforementioned impacts, shaping an industrial context-turnover theory. Tourism firm performance after executive turnover is significantly moderated by the competitive and seasonal context of the tourism industry. Involuntary executive turnovers are particularly affected, compared to voluntary ones. Tourism-industrial atmosphere contributes significantly to foresee the consequence, and event-driven context forecasting accurately estimates the outcome.

Factors associated with low resilience among French university students during COVID-19 lockdown

Abstract Background COVID-19 and subsequent lockdowns had an impact on the mental health of students, who had already been identified as a vulnerable population prior to this pandemic. At the end of the first COVID-19 lockdown, 15% of students reported suffering from moderate to severe anxiety. Psychological resilience is defined as the ability to bounce back from a stressful event and has been shown to have a positive impact on mental health parameters. This study aimed to identify factors associated with low resilience in the student population of the Grand Est region of France, at the end of the first national containment related to COVID-19. Methods The PIMS-CoV19 study: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among students at the University of Lorraine to collect sociodemographic data, living and learning conditions, as well as levels of resilience and perceived health. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. Model robustness was assessed using bootstrap resampling. Results Among 3708 students, 50.6% had normal resilience, while 37.3% reported low resilience. Female gender (OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.8-2.6) and low social support (OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1-2.6) were the main risk factors for low resilience. Negative thoughts (OR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.4-1.5), lower quality of relationships with people in general (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.3-1.8), and studying arts, humanities, or languages (OR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.0-1.8) were identified as risk factors. Increased age (OR = 0.9, 95% CI: 0.9-1.0) and flat sharing (OR = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.4-0.9) were protective factors against low resilience. Conclusions Resilience seems to be impacted primarily by internal and micro-environmental factors. Consolidating levels of individual resilience of at-risk populations by acting on these factors could be the key to improving their mental health. Key messages • Resilience seems to be impacted primarily by internal and micro-environmental factors. • Consolidating levels of individual resilience of at-risk populations by acting on these factors could be the key to improving their mental health.

Social norms and social opportunities: a qualitative study of influences on tobacco use among urban adolescent girls in Ghana

BackgroundTobacco use is a global public health threat and a leading preventable cause of death in the world. While cigarette use among youth has been decreasing in high-income countries, low- and middle-income countries have contrastingly high rates of adolescent smoking. In Ghana, smoking prevalence is lower than in other parts of the African continent and more common among men than women; however the gender gap in tobacco use among adolescents has narrowed, with shisha use among girls recently surpassing boys. These trends toward increased relative use among adolescent girls are a cause for concern and highlight the need for interventions to prevent and/or reduce tobacco use in this population.MethodsWe conducted in-depth interviews with girls aged 13–20 (n = 148) and their parents (n = 7) in Ghana’s largest two cities – Accra and Kumasi, to explore the physical, social, and psychological context underlying smoking perceptions and behavior.ResultsWe identified 11 key insights into influences on smoking behavior, organized into the broader themes of perceptions of smoking, environmental factors, and internal factors. Findings underscore that perceptions around smoking are very much driven by girls’ social world, which is generally small and parent-centric for non-smokers at younger ages but can start to expand as girls get farther along in school or leave school entirely. After what may have been a sheltered adolescence, many older girls in Ghana look for ways to express their independence in decision-making and a few may use their developing agency to rationalize limited or infrequent tobacco use if they perceive the benefits to them outweigh the potential consequences.ConclusionsOur findings highlight strong social influences on girls’ perceptions, exposure to opportunities, and decision-making in ways that can often be protective against smoking, particularly at younger ages, but may also leave girls unprepared to manage challenging situations later in life. Understanding this context in Ghana will be important for any future programming aiming to prevent smoking initiation among adolescents.

Challenges And Strategies For Implementing Performance-Based Capitation In Indonesian Community Health Center : A Scoping Review

This study examines the implementation and challenges of performance-based capitation (KBK) at Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) in Indonesia, as a part of the National Health Insurance Program, aiming to improve the efficiency and quality of primary health services. Despite its potential, the implementation of KBK faces various challenges including inadequate human resources, limited infrastructure, and insufficient monitoring systems. The study uses a scoping review framework based on the Public Health Care Monitoring Conceptual Framework by WHO, analyzing 11 selected studies from 2021 to 2024. Findings indicate that internal factors such as management capacity, health worker competence, and organizational culture significantly impact the effectiveness of KBK. External factors like local government support, funding policies, and infrastructure availability also play crucial roles. Technological barriers, particularly in remote areas, hinder optimal policy implementation. The study emphasizes the need for clear regulations, consistent policy dissemination, and effective monitoring to ensure successful KBK implementation. Recommendations include strengthening leadership, training health workers, improving infrastructure, and enhancing digital health technology utilization. These strategies aim to optimize resource allocation, enhance service access, and improve patient satisfaction in Indonesia’s primary health care system.

Exposome, oxidative stress and inflammation in multiple sclerosis: the EXPOSITION study protocol

Abstract Background The functional exposome approach examines the relationship between biological effects (internal exposome) and the sum of environmental exposures (external exposome). Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by selective demyelination and acute inflammation; miRNAs and microbiota are emerging in the pathogenesis as inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers. The EXPOSITION study protocol has been designed to study such biomarkers variation in response to the external exposome (air pollution, urbanization, lifestyles) in people with MS (pwMS). Methods EXPOSITION is a cross-sectional observational study collecting a sample of 200 pwMS residing in Lombardy, Northern Italy. Sample size is based on the prediction of differential expression of candidate miRNAs through bioinformatic analyses. All participants will be investigated for social, demographic and clinical data as well as general and specific external exposome factors. The internal exposome factors will be collected for each participant from blood and stool samples, as well as from nasal swabs. Exposome clustering and correlation statistical techniques will be applied and variation of miRNA and microbiota will be tested in association with the variation of the external exposome in urban and extra-urban environments. Results and conclusions The expected results will help pwMS and researchers understanding which biomarkers and which components of the external exposome are associated to oxidative stress and inflammation, to improve precision medicine and contrast disease progression. The relationship between urban exposome and biodiversity is an important dimension in the study of environmental impact on human health. This study may provide preliminary data to assess which nature-based solutions are suitable for enhancing the biodiversity of urban areas. Key messages • The functional exposome approach could be used to link environmental risk factors and disease biomarkers using the right methology. • EXPOSITION will quantify the variation of miRNA and microbiota in association with the variation of external exposome, in urban and extra-urban environments.

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence Adoption Intensity on Corporate Sustainability Performance: The Moderated Mediation Effect of Organizational Change

With the rapid development of the economy and society, enterprises are increasingly prioritizing environmental and social sustainability alongside economic benefits. As a critical driver of technological innovation, the effective application of artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance corporate sustainability performance has garnered considerable attention from both academia and industry. This study explores the impact of AI adoption intensity on corporate sustainability performance, with a particular focus on the mediating role of organizational change and its moderated mediation effect. Employing an empirical analysis approach, this study collected 451 employee survey responses from manufacturing enterprises. The results indicate that AI adoption intensity substantially enhances corporate sustainability performance, reflected in comprehensive improvements in economic, environmental, and social benefits. Furthermore, organizational change serves as a crucial mediator between AI adoption and sustainability performance, with this mediation effect moderated by internal and external environmental factors. The study finds that enterprises with high digital capabilities and innovative cultures are more effective in leveraging AI to enhance sustainability performance. This suggests that in promoting AI applications, enterprises should not only focus on technology adoption but also emphasize internal organizational change and the development of digital capabilities to fully achieve sustainability goals. Through empirical analysis, this study provides an in-depth understanding of the application paths and mechanisms of AI in corporate sustainability, offering a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for corporate managers in strategy and policymaking.

Health literacy from the perspectives of children and adolescents - a meta-ethnography

Abstract Background The current literature on health literacy rarely considers the views of children and adolescents. The aim of our qualitative evidence synthesis was therefore to develop a child- and adolescent-centered conceptualization of health literacy. Methods We conducted a meta-ethnography of qualitative studies. Our iterative literature search considered the literature up to November 2023. We dually screened 1596 abstracts and 97 full texts, assessed the methodological limitations of the 32 included studies, and considered 21 data-rich studies in the analysis. We extracted first- and second-order constructs, translated the studies into each other, and developed a coherent argumentation. We dually assessed the trustworthiness of the evidence. Results The resulting model comprises micro-, meso-, macro- and chronosystems. It highlights the influence of demographic, cognitive and psychological factors on the development of health literacy in children and adolescents at the micro level, the social environment, including family, friends, peers, teachers, and health professionals at the meso level, and the media and internet, the health and education system, the living environment, and the social narrative about health at the macro level. The chronosystem shows the impact of upbringing, development, and experience. Children absorb health information actively and passively, employing various strategies to evaluate its trustworthiness. They seek advice from their social environment, which acts as a source of information and influencing factor. Different types of information are weighed up and ranked before action is not taken. Conclusions Existing models of health literacy are too one-dimensional to be applied to children and adolescents and do not consider their social and living environment. The proposed model offers a comprehensive understanding of health literacy in children and adolescents. It can be used as a basis for future interventions to improve health literacy. Key messages • Health literacy of children and adolescents is significantly influenced by a combination of internal and external factors. • By incorporating the perspectives of children and adolescents, we have developed a more inclusive and nuanced understanding of health literacy.

Understanding SNS use reduction from the perspective of the cognitive-affective model

PurposeThis investigation delves into the elements influencing social networking sites (SNS) use reduction behavior through the lens of the cognitive-affective (CA) model to understand the driving forces behind the decline in SNS use.Design/methodology/approachFollowing the CA model, this research introduces a theoretical framework that integrates the emotions of regret and guilt along with the principles of cognitive dissonance theory. The proposed theoretical framework was subjected to empirical validation, utilizing 453 responses gathered from Instagram users.FindingsThe results suggest that the emotions of regret and guilt have a favorable impact on users’ intention to decrease their SNS usage, with cognitive dissonance exerting an indirect positive influence through these emotions. Additionally, further examination unveils that fear moderates the connection between users’ SNS addiction and the CA components.Research limitations/implicationsAdditional cognitive and affective responses may influence the intricate relation between SNS addiction and SNS use reduction intention.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the existing body of knowledge on the information system use lifecycle by examining shifts in user behavior, notably the transition from excessive use to the adoption of use reduction strategies. Furthermore, it sheds light on the intricate role of cognitive dissonance in elucidating the intention to reduce SNS use from the perspective of the CA model. Additionally, this study advances our current understanding of how the fear of negative consequences arising from excessive usage plays a role as a moderating factor in elucidating the underlying internal factors related to reducing SNS usage.

The Study of Characteristics of Successful Asnafpreneurs in Southern Malaysia

The study explores a characteristic of successful asnafpreneurs to address the number of registered asnafpreneurs seeking aid more than the number of successful asnafpreneurs produced in Southern Malaysia. However, the current industry can still not completely produce an independent business owner based on the Asnaf title. The study aims to determine successful entrepreneurs' internal and external characteristics in Southern Malaysia. A quantitative method was used in this study. Respondents were chosen using the non-probability sampling method. SPSS software was used for data analysis. Descriptive analysis (frequency and percentage) and hypothesis testing (chi-square test, correlation, and regression) were utilized to solve the research topic. Study finds that internal factors and external factors play an important role in asnafpreneurs success. Chi-square Test analysis revealed that Pearson's significant value was at the 0.00 level. This indicates that it is less than 0.05 at this level. This test successfully rejects H0, which means there is no correlation between internal factors with a successful characteristic of asnafpreneur and there is no correlation between external factors with a successful characteristic of asnafpreneur. Other authors may study the other geography parts and new challenges for asnafpreneurs to succeed in the future.

Exploring the Association Between Artificial Intelligence Management and Green Innovation: Expanding the Research Field for Sustainable Outcomes

Green innovation is essential for achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), as it fosters environmental and social benefits while also creating new economic opportunities. Despite previous studies actively conducting empirical analyses on green innovation, research on guiding the green innovation process through artificial intelligence remains scarce. This study aims to explore key variables that affect green innovation, thereby promoting the sustainable development of organizations, and to investigate the incentive mechanisms behind it. By uncovering the internal and external factors that drive green innovation and their interactions, we can better understand and optimize the process of fostering green innovation. Unlike previous studies, this research not only explores variables and verifies main effects but also provides and validates a research model related to the occurrence of green innovation. Additionally, this study determines the extent to which artificial intelligence management influences green innovation through knowledge sharing and examines whether an innovative culture moderates the impact of artificial intelligence management and knowledge sharing on green innovation, as well as whether it moderates the mediating effect of knowledge sharing within the model. Therefore, this study collected data from 331 adult employees of SMEs across 23 provinces, cities, and districts in China and conducted empirical analyses, including confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and reliability analysis. The results indicate that artificial intelligence management directly affects green innovation and indirectly affects it through the partial mediating role of knowledge sharing. Furthermore, an innovative culture significantly moderates the mediating role of knowledge sharing between artificial intelligence management and green innovation. In exploring the variables of green innovation, this study established an adjusted mediating model and verified its significance. In summary, the causal relationship between artificial intelligence management and green innovation, as demonstrated through this process, contributes to the expansion of the research field and the advancement of SDGs, specifically Goals 9 and 12. The study’s findings highlight the importance of integrating artificial intelligence management to enhance green innovation, which is vital for the sustainable development and economic growth outlined in the SDGs.

The position of diplomacy in Iranian sports

Sports diplomacy is a pervasive phenomenon that at the diplomatic level is one of the most important components of communication between countries and nations, and therefore it is important to know what is the position of Iran, as a powerful country in the field of diplomacy in this area. The purpose of this study was to investigate the position of diplomacy in Iranian sports. The research method was descriptive-analytical and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study was all political-sports managers and experts in the field of sports diplomacy who were selected by purposive and accessible sampling. The data collection method included library studies, semi-structured interviews with experts and finally the Delphi method in three stages. In order to identify the strategic position, the Internal Factor Evaluation Matrix (IFE) and the External Factor Evaluation Matrix (EFE) were used. The results showed that the position of Iranian sports diplomacy is in the position of WO (conservative strategy). In this regard, it is concluded that high-level officials and policymakers in the Ministry of Sports, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and other relevant institutions should focus their plans on addressing weaknesses and taking advantage of existing opportunities.

Effect of Different Purities of Seed Cells and Culture Media on the Growth Pattern and Protein Content of Spirulina Platensis

Spriulian platensis is a type of microalgae commonly used as natural fish feed. The purity of cell seedlings represents an internal factor, while the culture media acts as an external factor that can limit microalgae growth. This research investigates how varying purities of cell seedlings and culture media affect the growth patterns and protein content of Spriulian platensis, as well as to identify the optimal purity of cell seedlings and culture media that best promote growth patterns and protein content. The research method employed was an experimental design using a completely randomized factorial design with four treatment combinations and three replicates. The results showed that factor A (purity of seed cells) significantly affected growth patterns, including the lag phase duration, specific growth rate, and maximum density, but did not influence the final density Spriulian platensis. Factor B (culture media) had no significant effect on any of the variables. The combination of axenic seedlings with Pro Analis media was identified as the best treatment, producing a lag phase duration of (-4.17 ± 0.03 cells/day), a growth rate of (0.33 ± 0.01 cells/day), a maximum density of (6.43 ± 0.02 log cells/ml), and a final density of (5.78 ± 0.03 log cells/ml). The protein content across all treatments remained consistent at 58-60%. The study concludes that the purity of cell seedlings is a critical factor in determining the growth pattern of Spirulina platensis, particularly affecting the lag phase, growth rate, and maximum density.

ANALISIS KINERJA PEGAWAI DITINJAU DARI FAKTOR INTERNAL DAN EKSTERNAL DI KANTOR URUSAN AGAMA (KUA) KECAMATAN BENJENG KABUPATEN GRESIK JAWA TIMUR

This research aims to analyze employee performance in terms of internal and external factors as well as supporting and inhibiting factors in improving employee performance in KUA Benjeng District, Gresik Regency using a descriptive qualitative analysis approach. The results of the research are that performance is viewed from internal employee factors, work quality is in accordance with the law or SOP and punctuality is optimal. Then employees have various innovations to make it easier to complete work and employees are able to carry out their work in accordance with their main duties and functions. Performance is reviewed from external factors, employees communicate well with superiors and co-workers, employees implement teamwork and employees implement organizational culture well. Supporters in improving employee performance, the quality of their human resources is very responsible for the tasks that have been assigned, employees have competencies that are in accordance with their main duties and functions and work commitment has been implemented well. The obstacles to improving employee performance are inadequate work facilities, employees do not mix family problems into the office and human resources at KUA do not understand technology.

Capillary drops, capillary pooled, and venous blood samples for determining hemoglobin concentration using HemoCue: A measurement system analysis.

Several external and internal factors can affect the performance and variability of Hemoglobin concentration [Hb] measurements using HemoCue, and documentation on the contribution of different sources of [Hb] variation is limited. We used an experimental repeated measurements design with nine randomly selected participants, three HemoCue devices, and three trained field workers. HemoCue measurements for all samples were repeated three times. The [Hb] measurement system considers four sources of error: 1) HemoCue devices, 2) field workers, 3) between individuals, and 4) within individuals. A concordance analysis was used to assess accuracy and precision, and a linear mixed model was used to estimate mean differences (bias) from blood specimens, anticoagulants, and to estimate the contribution of the 4 sources of error to [Hb] measurements. Positive mean [Hb] differences were found: 1.34 g/dL for capillary drops, 0.81 g/dL for pooled capillary blood samples, 0.756 g/dL for venous blood stored with EDTA, and 0.911 g/dL for venous blood stored with heparin. The mean [Hb] difference for venous blood with EDTA was used as a correction factor for all results measured using a HemoCue. After adjustment, capillary drops showed a mean difference of 0.585 g/dL, and pooled capillary samples were not significantly different. The individual variability was 95.8% of total variance, HemoCue devices contributed 2.1% of measurement error, field staff contributed 0.4%, and the residual was 1.7%. The HemoCue [Hb] measurement system is reliable in controlled environments, with a small measurement error of 4.2%.

Understanding Deflationary Trends in China: Internal and External Factors Analysis

This paper investigates the recent deflationary trend observed in China, exploring its underlying causes from both internal and external perspectives. Since the 1970s, China has undergone significant economic reforms, embraced market principles and experienced a substantial expansion in its money supply. Despite expectations of inflation due to the substantial money supply relative to GDP, China has experienced a period of low or negative inflation rates since April 2023. This study examines potential factors contributing to this deflationary period, including exchange rate fluctuations, monetary policy dynamics, economic structural shifts, and external shocks. Furthermore, the paper evaluates the development of transmission routes of monetary policy and possible impacts on the responsiveness of price level to money supply, particularly within the context of China's evolving financial system. Additionally, it analyses shifts in the key drivers of the Chinese economyinvestment, net exports, and consumptionand their role in exacerbating deflationary pressures. The study extends its analysis to February 2024, observing potential signs of a transition away from deflation. It emphasizes the risks associated with deflation and the Chinese government's efforts to balance inflation targets with economic stability and employment objectives, particularly in light of challenges in the real estate sector.

Strategic Navigation of Firm-Specific Risks: A Comprehensive Analysis of Corporate Finance Challenges and Solutions

Abstract: This paper delves into the multifaceted nature of firm-specific risks (FSRs) within corporate finance, highlighting operational, financial, and strategic risks as pivotal challenges confronting companies across industries. Through detailed examinations of scenarios ranging from regulatory hurdles in the pharmaceutical industry to cyber threats in retail and currency fluctuations impacting multinational corporations, this study elucidates the intricate web of internal and external factors contributing to FSR. Furthermore, it explores the critical role of corporate governance, emphasizing board structure, transparency in financial reporting, and robust internal controls in effectively managing these risks. By integrating advanced data analytics and risk modeling with comprehensive risk management frameworks, the paper showcases strategies for identifying, assessing, and mitigating FSRs, thereby enhancing corporate resilience and strategic agility. This analysis not only contributes to the academic discourse on risk management but also offers practical insights for practitioners aiming to fortify their organizations against the unpredictability of the business landscape.

Optimalisasi Potensi Wisata Desa Serangan Melalui Pendekatan Berkelanjutan: Studi Kasus Menggunakan Metode TOWS, EFAS, dan IFAS

Serangan Village in Denpasar, Bali, is recognized as an innovative tourist destination, having won the 2023 Anugerah Desa Wisata award. This recognition is supported by a variety of attractions such as Pura Sakenan, Asyuhada Mosque, Melasti Beach, mangrove forests, the Turtle Conservation and Education Center (TCEC), local traditions, and unique culinary offerings. This study aims to identify the internal (strengths and weaknesses) and external (opportunities and threats) factors affecting Serangan Village and to formulate strategies for sustainable tourism development based on the four main pillars of sustainable tourism destination criteria according to Minister of Tourism Regulation No.9 of 2021. A qualitative descriptive method using TOWS analysis, EFAS, and IFAS matrices was employed, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results indicate that Serangan Village is in quadrant III, highlighting the need for effective strategies to optimize opportunities and address internal weaknesses. The strategy formulation results include leveraging the Bappenas Masterplan to build stakeholder collaboration, participating in training from the Denpasar City Tourism Office, forming a tourism impact monitoring team, implementing sustainable governance policies, utilizing social media for surveys and feedback, and developing policies for cultural asset protection and animal welfare to support sustainable tourism growth in Serangan Village.

Adaptive Variable Universe Fuzzy Droop Control Based on a Novel Multi-Strategy Harris Hawk Optimization Algorithm for a Direct Current Microgrid with Hybrid Energy Storage

In the off-grid photovoltaic DC microgrid, traditional droop control encounters challenges in effectively adjusting the droop coefficient in response to varying power fluctuation frequencies, which can be influenced by factors such as line impedance. This paper introduces a novel Multi-strategy Harris Hawk Optimization Algorithm (MHHO) that integrates variable universe fuzzy control theory with droop control to develop an adaptive variable universe fuzzy droop control strategy. The algorithm employs Fuch mapping to evenly distribute the initial population across the solution space and incorporates logarithmic spiral and improved adaptive weight strategies during both the exploration and exploitation phases, enhancing its ability to escape local optima. A comparative analysis against five classical meta-heuristic algorithms on the CEC2017 benchmarks demonstrates the superior performance of the proposed algorithm. Ultimately, the adaptive variable universe fuzzy droop control based on MHHO dynamically optimizes the droop coefficient to mitigate the negative impact of internal system factors and achieve a balanced power distribution between the battery and super-capacitor in the DC microgrid. Through MATLAB/Simulink simulations, it is demonstrated that the proposed adaptive variable universe fuzzy droop control strategy based on MHHO can limit the fluctuation range of bus voltage within ±0.75%, enhance the robustness and stability of the system, and optimize the charge and discharge performance of the energy storage unit.

The influence of subjective age and temporal focus on continuing work of the retireess: a psychological perspective

The demographic trend of population aging is a global phenomenon impacting the world community at large and individual national economies. Despite growing interest in the determinants of continued work among retirees, the internal (psychological) factors influencing an individual’s decision to retire after reaching retirement age have been inadequately studied. This study addresses this gap by examining psychological variables such as subjective age and temporal focus among working retirees. The results of comparing groups of working and non-working retirees revealed several key findings: 1) retirees who continue to work have a lower past focus compared to non-working retirees; 2) the subjective age of working retirees is lower (younger) than that of non-working retirees; 3) an association between a younger subjective age and current focus was found in non-working retirees, whereas in working retirees, no links were found between temporal focus and subjective age; and 4) the desire to stay young (younger social age) predicts the continuation of work in retirement. This study contributes to the development of ideas about the role of psychological time in motivating elderly people to continue their professional activities in retirement. The results strengthen the evidence that a younger subjective age, especially social age, is one of the reasons for continuing a professional career in old age. Additionally, the study enriches scientific understanding with new data on the role of temporal focus in the context of aging.