Internal Events Research Articles

Radial profile measurement with an improved 1 kHz Thomson scattering system on Versatile Experiment Spherical Torus.

A Thomson scattering (TS) system has been utilized to measure the electron temperature and density of the core region of Versatile Experiment Spherical Torus (VEST). Recently, the laser injection system is successfully upgraded adopting the burst laser with the repetition rate of 1 kHz and the energy of 2J. Furthermore, improved collection optics with additional polychromators and a 32-channel fast digitizer are prepared to observe the fast time evolution of radial profiles. This improvement is essential to study fast phenomena such as internal reconnection event (IRE). We increase the TS signal and reduce the stray light by introducing new filters having better optical properties such as high optical density at 1064nm, transmission, and reflectance. Moreover, the optimum reverse bias voltages are newly set to make the system operational independent of the background radiation. As a result, 1 kHz radial profiles of the core electron temperature and density are measured for the first time, showing characteristics of IREs in VEST.

시스템 사고를 이용한 커뮤니티 리질리언스 구성요소 간 인과구조 탐색

Modern society is faced with multiple uncertainties from internal or external events. Although some disasters may be preventable in some degree, global health issues like COVID-19 or natural disasters including earthquakes and floods cannot be fully predictable accurately. The paper explores the concept of “Community Resilience”, which allows the society to recover to a better-than-before status upon facing an unavoidable disaster. Due to complex and dynamic features of a local community, it is difficult to calculate variables affecting Community Resilience as previous studies sought to identify its components and evaluation methods in various aspects. The purpose of this paper is to analyze causal relationship among the core elements of community resilience through Causal Loop Analysis. The results are as follows. First, when a disaster occurs, resource performance, resource diversity, and resource redundancy have a positive feedback structure for community resilience. Second, resource diversity affects institutional memory, and as such experiences and information are accumulated, the connectedness is strengthened. In addition, as institutional memories accumulate, innovative learning is more likely to be systematic and continuous. Third, innovative learning has a positive effect on the formation of consensus among the members and the internal bonds of the community, which in turn affects interactions with external organizations with a positive feedback on the resource performance. As a result, a community with high community resilience show less damage and shorter recovery times than those with low community resilience. That is, even if a disaster of similar type and magnitude occurs, the damage scale and recovery time may differ depending on the level of community resilience in the community. In order to reinforce community resilience, it is important to create a virtuous cycle amongst the components of Community Resilience.

Extensive structural variation in the Bowman-Birk inhibitor family in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

BackgroundBowman-Birk inhibitors (BBI) are a family of serine-type protease inhibitors that modulate endogenous plant proteolytic activities during different phases of development. They also inhibit exogenous proteases as a component of plant defense mechanisms, and their overexpression can confer resistance to phytophagous herbivores and multiple fungal and bacterial pathogens. Dicot BBIs are multifunctional, with a “double-headed” structure containing two separate inhibitory loops that can bind and inhibit trypsin and chymotrypsin proteases simultaneously. By contrast, monocot BBIs have a non-functional chymotrypsin inhibitory loop, although they have undergone internal duplication events giving rise to proteins with multiple BBI domains.ResultsWe used a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) profile-based search to identify 57 BBI genes in the common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genome. The BBI genes are unevenly distributed, with large gene clusters in the telomeric regions of homoeologous group 1 and 3 chromosomes that likely arose through a series of tandem gene duplication events. The genomes of wheat progenitors also contain contiguous clusters of BBI genes, suggesting this family underwent expansion before the domestication of common wheat. However, the BBI gene family varied in size among different cultivars, showing this family remains dynamic. Because of these expansions, the BBI gene family is larger in wheat than other monocots such as maize, rice and Brachypodium.We found BBI proteins in common wheat with intragenic homologous duplications of cysteine-rich functional domains, including one protein with four functional BBI domains. This diversification may expand the spectrum of target substrates. Expression profiling suggests that some wheat BBI proteins may be involved in regulating endogenous proteases during grain development, while others were induced in response to biotic and abiotic stresses, suggesting a role in plant defense.ConclusionsGenome-wide characterization reveals that the BBI gene family in wheat is subject to a high rate of homologous tandem duplication and deletion events, giving rise to a diverse set of encoded proteins. This information will facilitate the functional characterization of individual wheat BBI genes to determine their role in wheat development and stress responses, and their potential application in breeding.

Trocar-Related Safety Events in Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures: Risks for Organ and Vascular Complications

A trocar is a hollow device used during minimally invasive surgery that serves as an entry port for optical scopes and surgical equipment. Insertion of this device into the body is determined using anatomical landmarks taking into consideration the patient’s history and physical attributes, e.g., scars or abdominal size. Insertion of the first trocar is the time of highest risk of injury. Intestinal and vascular injuries are two potentially life-threatening injuries that can occur. A retrospective review of trocar-related events submitted to the Pennsylvania Patient Safety Reporting System (PA-PSRS) between January 1, 2014, and June 30, 2020, identified 268 events. Internal organ and vascular injuries accounted for 81.0% of events; trocar site skin integrity injuries, bleeding/hemorrhage, and hernias accounted for 17.2% of events; and vasovagal responses accounted for 1.9% of events. Internal injuries occurring during the initial insertion of the trocar, Veress needle, or incision in preparation for a trocar insertion was reported in 64.5% of events. Adhesions were identified in 13.5% of internal injury events. Many internal injury events identified a single injury; however, in 17 instances patients sustained two trocar-related injuries. Conversion to open surgery, return to the operating room during the same admission, postoperative intensive care unit admission, ambulatory surgical facility transfer to a hospital, readmission, postdischarge return to the operating room, and death are outcomes identified in the event reports.

Pain Acceptance Creates an Emotional Context That Protects against the Misuse of Prescription Opioids: A Study in a Sample of Patients with Chronic Noncancer Pain.

There is solid evidence of an association between several psychological flexibility processes, particularly pain acceptance, and adaptation to chronic pain. However, there are relatively few studies on the relationship between pain acceptance and opioid misuse in chronic pain patients. Thus, the aim of the present study was to test a hypothetical model in which pain acceptance would regulate pain sensations and pain-related thoughts and emotions, which would be related to opioid misuse. The sample comprised 140 chronic pain patients attending two hospitals. All patients were receiving pharmacological treatment, including opioid analgesics. Structural equation modelling analyses showed a significant association between higher pain acceptance and lower pain intensity and catastrophizing, and lower levels of anxiety and depression. Only higher anxiety and depression were significantly associated with increased opioid misuse. The results suggest that levels of anxiety, depression, and pain acceptance must be assessed before opioids are prescribed. Pain acceptance implies a relationship with internal events that protects against anxiety and depression and thus against opioid misuse. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy appears to be particularly appropriate for these patients.

Identification of Risk-Significant Components in Nuclear Power Plants to Reduce Cs-137 Radioactive Risk

The amount and frequency of Cs-137 release in a nuclear accident are regulated to enhance environmental radiation protection. While significant improvements have been accomplished, including the preparation of severe accident mitigation equipment and systems to satisfy Cs-137 regulations, no attempt has yet been made along these lines to manage the structures, systems and components (SSCs) in nuclear power plants. Therefore, this paper proposes a new approach to identify the significant SSCs by quantifying related risk importance measures using release frequency and Cs-137 radioactivity. The new approach includes a Level 1 and Level 2 probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) linked model to obtain the frequency and Cs-137 radioactivity in all accident scenarios. The developed approach was applied to an OPR-1000 full-power internal events PSA model, and as a result, the top 20 SSCs were identified based on Fussell–Vesely importance, risk reduction worth, and risk achievement worth measures. The new approach can support risk-informed management for not only Cs-137 regulations but also public risk by using early and latent cancer fatalities.

Vivoscapes: an Ecosemiotic Contribution to the Ecological Theory

Vivoscape, from Latin ‘vivo’ (living) and the English ‘scape’ (shape and form of a place) is presented as a new ecosemiotic agency that integrates the interactions between biological and ecological components of a taxon with the environment. According to this model, the interactions between species and the environment are fused into a new functional unity driven by external and internal events (vivoevents). Sensorial and relational channels are used by a taxon to sense external energy gradients, matter, information and to return actions and proactions in an external operational environment. The eco-field model is suggested as the functional ecosemiotic mechanism associated with each vivoevent.

The Implementation of Public Relations Activities in Improving the Educational Institutions Reputation

This research aims to understand the implementation of Public Relations activities built on the concepts of Publication, Event, News, Community Involvement, Identity, as well as Lobby and Negotiation in increasing the reputation of educational institutions through a case study approach at the State Vocational High School 28 (SMKN 28) Jakarta. This study uses a quantitative approach with the distribution of Likert scale questionnaires. This study population was SMKN 28 Jakarta students, with 90 (ninety) research samples. The research applied Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using Partial Least Square (PLS) in the data analysis. The results indicated that overall public relations activities formed the school’s reputation through institutional publicity, internal and external events, community involvement with stakeholders, the forming of institutional character (Identity), and efforts of persuasion and diplomacy (Lobby and Negotiation) conducted by the institution to the public. In this study, News as a moderator is proven effective in increasing the influence of Identity on Reputation. This research model is also validated to explain the research variables powerfully. Thus, further research can use this research model to define public relations’ implementation in increasing similar educational institutions’ reputation.

The holistic risk analysis of spent fuel pool considering the fuel route risk

The Fukushima nuclear disaster has raised the importance on the reliability and risk research of the spent fuel pool (SFP), including the risk of internal events, fire, external hazards and so on. From a safety point of view, the low decay heat of the spent fuel assemblies and large water inventory in the SFP has made the accident progress goes very slow, but a large number of fuel assemblies are stored inside the spent fuel pool and without containment above the SFP building, it still has an unignored risk to the safety of the nuclear power plant. In this paper, a standardized approach for performing a holistic and comprehensive evaluation approach of the SFP risk based on the probabilistic safety analysis (PSA) method has been developed, including the Level 1 SFP PSA and Level 2 SFP PSA and external hazard PSA. The research scope of SFP PSA covers internal events, internal flooding, internal fires, external hazards and new risk source-fuel route risk is also included. The research will provide the risk insight of Spent Fuel Pool operation, and can help to make recommendation for the prevention and mitigation of SFP accidents which will be applicable for the SFP configuration risk management.

Crystal structure of the 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from Gluconobacter oxydans reveals tetrameric 6PGDHs as the crucial intermediate in the evolution of structure and cofactor preference in the 6PGDH family

Background: The enzyme 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) is the central enzyme of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway. Members of the 6PGDH family belong to different classes: either homodimeric enzymes assembled from long-chain subunits or homotetrameric ones assembled from short-chain subunits. Dimeric 6PGDHs bear an internal duplication absent in tetrameric 6PGDHs and distant homologues of the β-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase (βHADH) superfamily. Methods: We use X-ray crystallography to determine the structure of the apo form of the 6PGDH from Gluconobacter oxydans (Go6PGDH). We carried out a structural and phylogenetic analysis of short and long-chain 6PGDHs. We put forward an evolutionary hypothesis explaining the differences seen in oligomeric state vs. dinucleotide preference of the 6PGDH family. We determined the cofactor preference of Go6PGDH at different 6-phosphogluconate concentrations, characterizing the wild-type enzyme and three-point mutants of residues in the cofactor binding site of Go6PGDH. Results: The structural comparison suggests that the 6PG binding site initially evolved by exchanging C-terminal α-helices between subunits. An internal duplication event changed the quaternary structure of the enzyme from a tetrameric to a dimeric arrangement. The phylogenetic analysis suggests that 6PGDHs have spread from Bacteria to Archaea and Eukarya on multiple occasions by lateral gene transfer. Sequence motifs consistent with NAD+- and NADP+-specificity are found in the β2-α2 loop of dimeric and tetrameric 6PGDHs. Site-directed mutagenesis of Go6PGDH inspired by this analysis fully reverses dinucleotide preference. One of the mutants we engineered has the highest efficiency and specificity for NAD+ so far described for a 6PGDH. Conclusions: The family 6PGDH comprises dimeric and tetrameric members whose active sites are conformed by a C-terminal α-helix contributed from adjacent subunits. Dimeric 6PGDHs have evolved from the duplication-fusion of the tetrameric C-terminal domain before independent transitions of cofactor specificity. Changes in the conserved β2-α2 loop are crucial to modulate the cofactor specificity in Go6PGDH.

Idiosyncratic Viral Loss Theory: Systemic Operational Losses in Banks

Basel III regulation intent is to increase the resiliency of banks through effective risk management practices that can reduce significant idiosyncratic operational losses. A systemic risk event that leads to significant losses in a bank holding company (BHC) can expose them to become insolvent and cause significant volatility and unpredictable negative impact on the United States economy. The viral spread of operational losses through global markets by interconnected multinational banks can be compared to viruses spread through interconnected countries and the significant losses incurred; this can be referred to as idiosyncratic viral loss theory. This idiosyncratic viral loss theory discusses systemic operational losses that are evident in human error, fraud, and legal expenses that are aligned to systemic operational risk. The occurrences of significant losses that are idiosyncratic in nature and that are linked to failed internal processes, people, systems, and external events are defined by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision as operational risk losses; these losses’ idiosyncratic nature makes them comparable to viruses. This study employs the Compliance and Ethics Group’s (OCEG’s) standard that integrates governance, risk management, internal control, assurance, and compliance (GRC capability model) into one functional goal to improve quality and principled performance through measurable tools that may enhance effectiveness and efficiency practices. This study concerns senior manager activities that can be effective towards meeting effective risk management practices posed by the Basel III regulation for BHCs, which may reduce the spread of significant losses in the banks. Through the use of a qualitative e-Delphi study, 10 banking finance experts were convened to build consensus on effective risk management practices. Data were collected from three electronic questionnaires submitted through Qualtrics. Data were analyzed using theoretical triangulation, coding, and thematic analysis. Four important considerations were identified that could bolster effective risk management practices: (a) a comprehensive enterprise-wide risk; (b) controlling fraud; (c) going beyond the minimum risk assessment requirements set forth by the banking regulators; (d) independent risk identification and management. These considerations towards effective risk management practices may help reduce systemic operational losses viral spread in banks.

Feasibility and acceptability of an acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for caregivers of adults with Alzheimer\u2019s disease and related dementias

BackgroundCaregivers of patients with Alzheimer’s disease or a related dementia (ADRD) report high levels of distress, including symptoms of anxiety and depression, caregiving burden, and existential suffering; however, those with support and healthy coping strategies have less stress and burden. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) aims to foster greater acceptance of internal events while promoting actions aligned with personal values to increase psychological flexibility in the face of challenges. The objective of this single-arm pilot, Telephone Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Intervention for Caregivers (TACTICs), was to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of an ACT intervention on ADRD caregiver anxiety, depressive symptoms, burden, caregiver suffering, and psychological flexibility.MethodsADRD caregivers ≥21 years of age with a Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) score ≥ 10 indicative of moderate or higher symptoms of anxiety were enrolled (N = 15). Participants received a telephone-based ACT intervention delivered by a non-licensed, bachelor’s-prepared trained interventionist over 6 weekly 1-h sessions that included engaging experiential exercises and metaphors designed to increase psychological flexibility. The following outcome measures were administered at baseline (T1), immediately post-intervention (T2), 3 months post-intervention (T3), and 6 months post-intervention (T4): anxiety symptoms (GAD-7; primary outcome); secondary outcomes of depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire–9), burden (Zarit Burden Interview), suffering (The Experience of Suffering measure), psychological flexibility/experiential avoidance (Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II), and coping skills (Brief COPE).ResultsAll 15 participants completed the study and 93.3% rated their overall satisfaction with their TACTICs experience as “completely satisfied.” At T2, caregivers showed large reduction in anxiety symptoms (SRM 1.42, 95% CI [0.87, 1.97], p < 0.001) that were maintained at T3 and T4.At T4, psychological suffering (SRM 0.99, 95% CI [0.41, 1.56], p = 0.0027) and caregiver burden (SRM 0.79, 95% CI [0.21, 1.37], p = 0.0113) also decreased.ConclusionsDespite a small sample size, the 6-session manualized TACTICs program was effective in reducing anxiety, suggesting that non-clinically trained staff may be able to provide an effective therapeutic intervention by phone to maximize intervention scalability and reach.Trial registrationInstitutional Review Board (IRB) protocol #1904631305 version 05-14-2019. Recruitment began 06-14-2019 and was concluded on 12-09-2019.Recruitment began 06-14-2019 and was concluded on 12-09-2019.

Implementation of evidence-based recommendations to reduce elective surgical case cancellations

BackgroundCancellation of elective surgical cases leads to a waste of resources, financial burden, patient dissatisfaction, extended hospital stay, and unnecessary repetition of preoperative preparations. AimThe objective of this study was to identify, analyze and manage the causes of cancellation of elective surgical cases in our institution. MethodsThis quality improvement study compared preoperative cardiovascular event and case cancellation rates before and after implementing the practice of perioperative cardiovascular risk management. The study included the following phases: (1) Screening and identification of the most important reason for case cancellation; (2) Developing the strategy and internal protocol based on the international recommendations to minimize perioperative cardiovascular risk; (3) Implementing the internal protocol and monitoring preoperative cardiovascular events and case cancellation rate. ResultsWe achieved a reduction in surgical case cancellation rate: 83 (3.7%) out of 2242 in 2018 and 28 (1.1%) out of 2538 cases in 2019 were cancelled after the patient had been delivered to the operating room area. ConclusionScreening and identification of gaps in perioperative care as well as implementation of evidence-based recommendations can significantly improve the quality of patient care. In our case, implementing the internal protocol of cardiovascular risk management in perioperative period resulted in a reduction of preoperative hypertensive crisis, myocardial ischemia, heart rhythm disorder rates and in subsequently reduction in case cancellation rate.

The Functions of the Demethylase JMJD3 in Cancer.

Cancer is a major cause of death worldwide. Epigenetic changes in response to external (diet, sports activities, etc.) and internal events are increasingly implicated in tumor initiation and progression. In this review, we focused on post-translational changes in histones and, more particularly, the tri methylation of lysine from histone 3 (H3K27me3) mark, a repressive epigenetic mark often under- or overexpressed in a wide range of cancers. Two actors regulate H3K27 methylation: Jumonji Domain-Containing Protein 3 demethylase (JMJD3) and Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) methyltransferase. A number of studies have highlighted the deregulation of these actors, which is why this scientific review will focus on the role of JMJD3 and, consequently, H3K27me3 in cancer development. Data on JMJD3’s involvement in cancer are classified by cancer type: nervous system, prostate, blood, colorectal, breast, lung, liver, ovarian, and gastric cancers.

An efficient dominant failure modes search strategy and an extended sequential compounding method of system reliability analysis and optimization

The structural system is a complex structural form in engineering practice. Under the condition of uncertainty, multiple failure modes may happen simultaneously and lead to the failure of the overall structure. To identify the dominant failure modes of structural systems, this paper proposes a dominant failure mode search method based on the differential evolution algorithm, which generates sample points on the limit state surface and uses the differential evolution algorithm to evolve. It can search for several dominant failure modes of structural systems without much structural analysis function calls. For the evaluation of the reliability of structural systems, this paper further proposes an extended sequential compound method, which can solve the correlation coefficients between compound events and its internal events. Therefore, it can calculate the failure probability for various failure modes and the correlation coefficient between failure modes simultaneously. Besides, a system reliability-based design optimization method is proposed under the framework of the reliability index method with an analytical method for solving the gradient of the system reliability index. Finally, several numerical examples are given to verify the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed methods.

An Event Integration Approach to Lexicalizations of Action Correlating Events— A Case Study of “V + D&amp;#224;o” Construction in Mandarin

This paper investigates the lexicalization patterns of action correlating events from the perspective of Talmy’s Macro-event theory and its revised event integration model. Based on the case study “V + Dào” construction in Mandarin, which is a rather pervasive structure in CCL corpus with high frequency, the event semantics, syntactic properties as well as the event integration patterns of “V + Dào” construction are fully explored by the means of correlation analysis and its visualization. The research results indicate that: 1) Both the internal and external event integration processes indicate the event integration hierarchy “V + Dào” construction in the domain of action corelating event. 2) In the process of the internal event integration, on the one hand, two or three conceptual primitives can be conflated in “V” and “Dào” respectively. On the other hand, both “V” and “Dào” share one common conceptual primitive of “act”, and others provide the elaboration sites with each other in the process of the external event integration. 3) Based on the core schema of “correlation” mainly encoded in the verb root of “V”, this paper claims that Mandarin Chinese, different from the motion event, exhibits the verb-framed language in the domain of the action correlating event. 4) Further, the semantic resonance and its (dis)appearance of “correlation” encoded in the different linguistic components simultaneously deserves further discussion. In a nutshell, these results support the event integration model hierarchically distributed in “V + Dào” construction with the conceptual primitives mapping in common and elaborating with each other between “V” and “Dào”. This study of the action correlating event, covering the term of “reciprocity” of human mutual acts, reflects and provides an insight into human social cognition from the perspective of linguistics.

УПРАВЛІННЯ РИЗИКАМИ ВТРАТИ ВАРТОСТІ СУБ’ЄКТІВ ГОСПОДАРЮВАННЯ У ФОРМУВАННІ ТА РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ФІНАНСОВОЇ СТРАТЕГІЇ

The article considers the conceptual provisions for managing the risk of loss of value of economic entities in the formation and implementation of financial strategy. Of particular importance is the ability to increase the value of economic entities in the face of the threat of risk, which involves taking into account the risk component in the development and implementation of financial strategies. Risk of loss of value of economic entities means the probability of losses, additional losses, loss of planned income due to internal and external events, which adversely affects the market value of economic entities. The synergy of the processes of development, implementation of financial strategy and risk management of business entities increases the efficiency and soundness of management decisions. The expediency of using an integrated model based on economic added value and the principles of risk management is substantiated. The sequence of managing the risk of loss of value of economic entities in the following stages is proposed: risk identification, analysis and assessment of risks of loss of value of economic entities, analysis of the impact of risks on the value of economic entities, methods of managing risk of loss of economic entities. The classification is generalized, where the risks are grouped in a single format depending on the impact on the value of economic entities. Considerable attention is paid to the analysis and assessment of the risks of loss of value of economic entities. To analyze the impact of risks, it is recommended to determine the priority of identified value loss risks, which is the basis for building a matrix of probability and consequences and a matrix of decision-making based on the prioritization of cost risks to choose risk management measures. In addition to traditional methods, stress testing is proposed as a tool for planning and controlling the risk of loss of economic entities to develop preventive strategic and tactical measures to mitigate the impact of risks of loss of economic entities in the future. Sensitivity tests, scenario tests, and extreme tests are used to perform stress testing. The use of Schuhart maps is proposed to determine the limits and values of creation indicators of economic entities that correspond to the optimal, preventive and control levels.

Accession to the World trade organisation: a boon or a challenge?

The article is based on statistical data and examines the changes in the main macroeconomic indicators in eleven countries that joined the World Trade Organization in the period from 1996 to 2008. The group of countries for this study includes Bulgaria, Mongolia, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Estonia, Georgia, Lithuania, Moldova, Armenia, Vietnam, Ukraine (ranked in the order of their accession to the WTO). The main goal of the study was to see an objective picture of how the fact of accession to the multilateral trading system has affected the country&amp;apos;s economic development. The group of surveyed macroeconomic indicators comprises: gross domestic product per capita; export of goods and services; inflow of foreign direct investment; inflation rate; unemployment rate; the volume of foreign exchange reserves. Studies have shown that accession to the GATT/WTO multilateral trading system did not entail pronounced negative consequences for development processes for any of the studied countries. Macroeconomic indicators such as gross domestic product per capita, the volume of attracting foreign direct investment, the volume of exports of goods and services, the volume of foreign exchange reserves tended to grow in all states studied in the article. The unemployment and inflation rates were less stable, but the main reasons for their volatility were mainly, negative phenomena in the world economy, as well as internal political events that took place in some of the countries.

Responses to Stress: Investigating the Role of Gender, Social Relationships, and Touch Avoidance in Italy.

Stress is a physiological response to internal and external events we call “stressors”. Response to the same daily stressors varies across individuals and seems to be higher for women. A possible explanation for this phenomenon is that women perceive sociality, relationships, and intimacy—important sources of both stress and wellbeing—differently from how men experience them. In this study, we investigate how gender, attachment, and touch avoidance predict stress responses on a sample of 335 Italians (216 females; age = 35.82 ± 14.32). Moreover, we analyze the network of relationships between these variables through multiple linear regression and exploratory network analysis techniques. The results recontextualize the role of gender in determining stress responses in terms of (lack of) confidence and touch avoidance toward family members; attitudes toward relationships seem to be the main determinants of stress responses. These results have implications for reducing stress in both clinical settings and at a social level.

МАРКЕТИНГОВЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ РОЗВИТКУ СФЕРИ ІТ-ОСВІТИ В УКРАЇНІ НА ПРИКЛАДІ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ BEETROOT ACADEMY

IT industry is growing rapidly all around the globe, and it's not an exception in Ukraine. Its success is absolutely dependent on the workers and how many specialists are prepared for the work. As the market keeps on growing, more talents are needed. While there is no need for people to get the necessary knowledge by studying for years in universities, it can be supplemented with online IT courses that are in high demand and easily approachable by anyone interested in it. Beetroot Academy is an example of such an IT school. It’s hard for potential customers to choose the right IT school that gives quality and contemporary education because most of them offer similar products and the benefit from its usage is visible only after the studying is over. That’s why marketing and digital instruments play a crucial role for any company in this field. Most of them, as is described with the example of Beetroot Academy, use mostly the same channels of communication to approach their customers, such as websites, social networks, emails, internal and external events, partners, and blog articles. Most companies in this market have a similar target audience: absolute beginners in the IT field that want to switch their field or people at the beginning of their careers; and the second segment is IT specialists that want to take the next step in their careers. All the biggest companies on the market use mostly the same digital instruments to approach their audience through channels of communications, such as pay-per-click ads, SEO optimization, content marketing, email marketing, and event marketing. Even though, the instruments are the same, the main difference is in the professionalism of its usage that depends on the people that work for these companies. An additional way of differentiation comes with different visual styles and toneof-voice that may translate the company's values and mission. In this market, one of the main reasons for people to choose a particular company is their marketing strategy, its quality, and the usage of the right tools. Therefore, for companies such as Beetroot Academy, which has a social mission and puts the quality of education as the main principle of work, it is very important to monitor how marketing is being thought out and implemented.