Interleukin-10 Gene Polymorphisms Research Articles

Association of Interleukin-10 Gene Polymorphisms and serum levels with susceptibility to infection with Hepatitis B Virus

Association of Interleukin-10 Gene Polymorphisms and serum levels with susceptibility to infection with Hepatitis B Virus

Interleukin-6 gene polymorhisms and interleukin-6 levels are associated with atherosclerosis in CKD patients.

Inflammation is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. Genetic polymorphisms in the inflammatory cytokine genes have been associated with atherosclerosis. Because levels of inflammatory cytokines are markedly elevated in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), we hypothesized that genotypic variations in the interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene are a cause of systemic inflammatory states and atherosclerosis in South African CKD patients. 120 CKD patients and 40 healthy controls were included. Serum IL-6 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were measured. Functional polymorphisms in the IL-6 genes were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP) methods. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and the presence of plaque were assessed by B-mode ultrasonography. Serum IL-6 and hs-CRP levels were increased in patients with CKD compared with healthy controls (p < 0.001). In CKD patients, serum IL-6 above the median value was associated with carotid plaque (OR: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.74-2.57, p=0.004), with excess risk confined to the group with high IL-6 levels. Significant associations were found between the IL-6 gene and atherosclerosis in the CKD group (for G/G genotype: OR=1.21, 95% CI=1.05-1.39, p=0.012; for GG+GC vs. CC: OR=1.14, 95% CI=1.02-1.28, p=0.035). Patients with GG+GC genotype of the IL-6 gene polymorphism had higher levels of IL-6 than those with CC genotype (p=0.029). In South African CKD patients, the IL-6 gene promoter polymorphism is associated with high serum IL-6 levels and atherosclerosis. The relationship between atherosclerosis and -174G/C polymorphism in the IL-6 gene suggests that IL-6 may be a potential pro-inflammatory mediator of atherosclerosis in CKD patients.

Characteristics of interleukin-4 gene (C-589T, rs2243250) polymorphism in children with bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis with isolated or allergic rhinitis-induced comorbid malocclusion

Purpose. To determine the frequency of interleukin-4 (IL-4) (C-589T, rs2243250) single nucleotide polymorphism in children with bronchial asthma (BA) and allergic rhinitis (AR) and with isolated or allergic rhinitis-induced comorbid malocclusion. Materials and methods. Single nucleotide polymorphism of the IL-4 (C-589T, rs2243250) gene was analyzed in 170 children aged between 6 and 17 years, 11 months, 29 days. Group I included 89 children with BA; Group II consisted of 31 children with AR; Group III was composed of 27 children with AR and distal occlusion (DO); Group ІV comprised 23 children with malocclusion. Genotyping was performed using a commercial “SNP-express RT” kit by real-time polymerase chain reaction method (Applied Biosystems, USA) via TagMan ® SNP Genotyping Assay on an amplifier CFX96 TM Real-Time PCR Detection System (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.,USA). DNA was isolated using a commercial DNA-express kit (“LLC Research and Production Company LITEKH”). The general, recessive and dominant models of inheritance and the odds ratios with a 95 % confidence interval were used for the analysis. The results analysis was conducted using the Statistica 6.0RU licensed software package. Results. IL-4 (C-589T, rs2243250) gene polymorphism in children with allergy and malocclusion living in Zaporizhzhia was analyzed for the first time. The frequency of C/C – C/T – T/T genotypes registration was 69.66 % – 22.47 % – 7.87 % of cases in children with BA; 58.06 % – 38.71 % – 3.23 % in children with AR; 62.96 % – 29.63 % – 7.40 % in AR with DO. On the contrary, in children with malocclusion, the C/C (34.78 %) and T/T (4.35 %) genotypes were registered less frequently and the C/T genotype (60.87 %) was recorded more often as a genetic feature of the DO phenotype. Conclusions. The C/C genotype of IL-4 (C-589T, rs2243250) gene was associated with bronchial asthma (OR = 4.31; 95 % CI = 1.63–11.36; P = 0.002) and allergic rhinitis (OR = 4.32 (95% CI = 1.04–7.81; P = 0.04), in comparison with the fact that the C/T + T/T genotype indicated a predisposition to malocclusion development.

Interleukin-6 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to liver diseases

Background:Several studies have explored the associations between interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene polymorphisms and the susceptibility to liver diseases, however, results remain ambiguous. The goal of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis to provide more credible evidence.Methods:Studies identified in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases were used to perform a meta-analysis via the STATA software. Pooled odds ratios (OR) were calculated under fixed- and random-effects models to estimate the potential genetic associations.Results:Twenty-five case-control studies involving 5813 cases and 5298 controls were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, the pooled results suggested that rs1800795 polymorphism was significantly associated with the risk of liver diseases in heterozygote (GC vs CC; OR = 1.57) and dominant (GG+GC vs CC: OR = 1.47) models; rs1800796 polymorphism was significantly associated with the susceptibility to liver diseases in heterozygote (GG vs GC; OR = 0.58) and recessive (GG vs GC+CC: OR = 0.68) models; rs1800797 polymorphism was significantly associated with genetic predisposition to liver diseases in homozygote (GG vs AA: OR = 1.63), heterozygote (GA vs AA; OR = 1.53) and dominant (GG + GA vs AA: OR = 1.61) models. A similar conclusion was found in the HBV, HCV, HCC, NASH and alcoholic liver disease of all ethnic populations for rs1800795; HBV and Asian subgroups for rs1800796; HCV and non-Asian subgroups for rs1800797. However, IL-6 rs2069837 and rs2066992 polymorphisms did not exhibit significant associations with the risk of liver diseases under any genetic models.Conclusion:This meta-analysis suggests that patients carrying G (rs1800795), C (rs1800796) or G (rs1800797) allele or genotypes of IL-6 may be more likely to suffer from liver diseases, which was ethnic-dependent.

Correlation study of venous thromboembolism with SAA, IL-1, and TNF-a levels and gene polymorphisms in Chinese population.

The relationship between inflammation and venous thromboembolism (VTE) has not been fully elucidated. Based on our previous studies, we detected the plasma levels of serum amyloid A protein (SAA), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and their 8 gene polymorphisms by ELISA and a multiplex ligation detection reaction (iMLDR) method in 284 patients with VTE and 268 healthy controls. Levels of SAA (P=0.032), IL-1 (P=0.045), and TNF-a (P=0.040) were significantly higher in the VTE group than in the control group. Recessive model analysis of the IL-1 rs1800587 variant showed that the risk of VTE in patients with the GG + GA genotype was significantly higher than that in patients with the AA genotype [odds ratio (OR): 4.444; 95% CI: 1.466-13.470]. Recessive model analysis of the IL-1 rs2234650 polymorphism showed that the risk of VTE in patients with the CC + CT genotype was significantly lower than that in patients with the TT genotype (OR: 0.500; 95% CI: 0.268-0.934). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the TT genotype at IL-1 rs2234650 (OR: 2.086; 95% CI: 1.091-3.985) was an independent risk factor for VTE. The AA genotype of IL-1 rs1800587 (OR: 0.226; 95% CI: 0.074-0.890) was an independent protective factor against VTE. In summary, an intrinsic relationship may exist between inflammatory activation and the occurrence of VTE.

The role of interleukin-17 gene polymorphism (RS612242 C11139G) in the formation of the cryoglobulinemic syndrome in patients with chronic hepatitis C

Background. Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is characterized by the development of extrahepatic symptom manifestations, which leads to an increased risk of mortality in these patients. Today, the factors contributing to the development of extrahepatic manifestations of CHC are being studied. Particular attention is paid to determining the clinical significance of cytokine gene polymorphism. Therefore, the aim of our work was study the role of interleukin-17 gene polymorphism (rs612242 C11139G) in the mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) formation and manifestation of cryoglobulinemic syndrome in patients with chronic hepatitis C.Materials and methods. The study included 149 patients with CHC and 45 healthy people. Determination of single-nucleotide IL-17 gene polymorphism (rs 612242 C11139G) was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Statistical processing was performed in program "STATISTICA for Windows 13" (StatSoft Inc., No. JPZ804I382130ARCN10-J).Results. We found that most often in patients with CHC (140 - 94.0%) and in healthy people (39 - 86.7%) was detected СС-genotype. It was found that the GG genotype was found to be significantly more likely in healthy subjects (χ2=20.5, p&lt;0.0001). It was determined that patients with MC were significantly more likely to have a CC-genotype compared with healthy people (χ2=5.08, p&lt;0.05), but the frequency of detection of this genotype was not statistically different compared with patients without MC (p&gt;0.05). In patients with CHC carriers of the CC genotype of the IL-17 gene polymorphism significantly more likely (p&lt;0.05), clinical signs associated with MC, namely weakness (65.6% vs. 40.0%), arthralgia (58.9% vs. 30.0%), vasculitis (14.4% vs. 2.0%) with the formation of the Meltzer’s triad (14.4% vs. no formation). It was showed that type 2 diabetes was significantly more likely to be detected in patients without MC (χ2=5.52, p&lt;0.05).Conclusion. Allele C of the IL-17 gene polymorphism has an effect on the chronicity of hepatitis C according to a multiplicative model of inheritance. The CC-genotype plays a role in the formation of HCV-associated MC. Weakness, arthralgia and vasculitis with the formation of the Meltzer’s triad are the most common manifestations of cryoglobulinemic syndrome.

The role of interleukin-17 gene polymorphism (RS612242 C11139G) in the formation of the cryoglobulinemic syndrome in patients with chronic hepatitis C

The role of interleukin-17 gene polymorphism (RS612242 C11139G) in the formation of the cryoglobulinemic syndrome in patients with chronic hepatitis C

Correlation of interleukin-18 gene polymorphism with the susceptibility of condyloma acuminatum in Chinese population

Host immunogenetic setting is involved in the regulation of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and development of condyloma acuminatum (CA). We investigated the correlation of two common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (−607C/A and −137G/C) of IL-18 with the susceptibility of CA in a large Chinese cohort. Out of 408 CA patients analyzed, 300 had HPV infection transmitted through sexual contact (SC) and 108 through non-sexual contact (NSC). In addition, 360 healthy volunteers were enrolled as controls. SNPs at positions −607C/A and −137G/C in IL-18 promoter were analyzed. Comparing CA patients to healthy controls, no dominant relevance was found between the IL-18 promoter −607 C/A or −137G/C polymorphisms and the CA disease either identified genotypically (p > 0.05) or by allelically (p > 0.05). However, the IL-18 promoter −137G/C polymorphism genotype and allele frequencies in the NSC CA group, but not between in the SC group, were significantly higher than in the controls. There was no dominant relevance between IL-18-607C/A polymorphism genotype and allele frequencies among SC, NSC CA patients, and controls. Our study demonstrates that polymorphism −137G/C in IL-18 promoter is significantly correlated with risk of CA in NSC patients.

Association between interleukin-6 gene polymorphisms and febrile seizure risk: A meta-analysis.

Background:The association between plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and the development of febrile seizures (FS) has been reported in multiple previous studies, which showed significantly higher serum IL-6 levels in FS patients than in control patients. However, the mechanism underlying this association remains unclear. One previous study indicated an increased frequency of the −174 GG and −597 GG genotypes in FS patients. Although IL-6 gene polymorphisms may be associated with FS risk, this association remains a matter of debate.ObjectiveConsidering the lack of meta-analyses addressing the possible association between IL-6 gene polymorphisms and the risk of FS, we aimed to perform a meta-analysis to determine the association of IL-6 gene polymorphisms (−572, −174, −597) with the risk of FS.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature search in the PubMed, EMBASE, and WANFANG databases to collect eligible articles. The associations of IL-6 gene polymorphisms with FS risk were evaluated by calculating the pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. The dominant, recessive, heterozygous, homozygous, and allele genetic models were used to calculate the combined ORs.ResultsOur meta-analysis showed that IL-6 (−572, −174, −597) polymorphisms were significantly associated with susceptibility to FS.Conclusion:This study provided knowledge regarding the association of IL-6 (572, 174, 597) polymorphisms with susceptibility to FS. The T allele and TT genotype may be associated with an increased risk for FS.

Correlations of IL-6 and CRP gene polymorphisms with pulmonary heart disease.

To explore the correlations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) gene polymorphisms with pulmonary heart disease (PHD). A total of 98 patients with PHD and 102 healthy persons receiving physical examinations were enrolled. Their general clinical information was collected, and the levels of IL-6 and CRP in the plasma were determined. The pulmonary functions and blood gas were detected, and the TaqMan-minor groove binder (MGB) probe was used to detect the polymorphisms of IL-6 rs1800796 and CRP rs1800796. Observation group had higher levels of IL-6 and CRP than control group (p<0.05). The forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) (%), FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio (%), and arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in observation group were lower than those in control group (p<0.05), but the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) was higher than that in control group (p<0.05). There were differences in the distribution frequencies of the genotypes and alleles of IL-6 rs1800796 and CRP rs1800796 between the two groups (p<0.05). IL-6 and CRP are correlated with the onset of PHD, and there are also correlations between the polymorphisms of IL-6 rs1800796 and CRP rs2794521 and the disease.

Relationship between interleukin-6 gene single nucleotide polymorphism and susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma and clinical prognosis in patients with hepatitis B

Objective To investigate the relationship between interleukin-6(IL-6) polymorphism and susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and clinical prognosis after hepatitis B. Methods From September 2016 to September 2017, 100 patients with HCC after hepatitis B admitted to Linfen People's Hospital were selected as the observation group, and 100 healthy people were selected as the control group.Peripheral blood samples of the two groups were collected.IL-6 gene polymorphisms were detected to explore the relationship between IL-6 gene polymorphisms and the risk of HCC after hepatitis B. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors of clinical prognosis in patients with HCC after hepatitis B. Results The genotype C/T, T/T ratio and allele T ratio of IL-6 rs13419896 locus in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(all P<0.05). The C/C genotype of occasional smoking was used as the reference.The risk ratio of HCC was 1.92, the risk ratio of combined family history of HCC was 2.01, the risk ratio of frequent smoking was 2.16.Family history of HCC (P=0.023) and rs13419896(T/T)(P=0.017) were independent risk factors for death, metastasis or recurrence. Conclusion IL-6 gene rs13419896 carrying T gene is a risk factor for HCC, and genotype(T/T) is a risk factor for poor prognosis in HCC patients. Key words: Hepatitis B virus; IL-6 gene polymorphism; Susceptibility; Hepatocellular carcinoma

Impact of interleukin-6 gene polymorphisms and its interaction with obesity on osteoporosis risk in Chinese postmenopausal women

AimsTo investigate the association of four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the IL-6 gene with osteoporosis (OST) susceptibility.MethodsPCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) was carried out for SNPs detection. Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) model and logistic regression model were used to examine the interaction between SNP and obesity on OST.ResultsLogistic regression model revealed that G allele of rs1800796 and the T allele of rs2069849 were associated with increased OST risk, compared to those with wild genotype. However, no significant correlations were found when analyzing the association of rs1800795 and rs1554606 with OST risk. GMDR analysis suggested that the interaction model composed of the rs1800796 and obesity was the best model with statistical significance (P value from sign test [Psign] = 0.012), indicating a potential gene–environment interaction between rs1800796 and obesity. Overall, the two-locus models had a cross-validation consistency of 10/10 and had the testing accuracy of 0.641. We also conducted stratified analysis for rs1800796 genotype and obesity, and found that obese subjects with CG or GG genotype have the highest OST risk, compared to subjects with CC genotype, and normal BMI OR (95% CI) = 2.21 (1.52–3.49), after adjustment for age, smoke, and alcohol consumption status.ConclusionsOur results suggested that the C allele of rs1800796 and the C allele of rs2069849 of IL-6 gene interaction between rs1800796 and abdominal obesity were all associated with increased OST risk.

Interleukin-6 gene polymorphism (-174 G/C) association with seropositive Toxoplasma gondii infection patients in Al-Diwaniyah hospital

The present study aims to detection Interleukin-6 gene polymorphism (-174 G/C) from seropositive Toxoplasma gondii pregnant women patients and healthy control from individuals reviewers to AL-Diwaniyah hospital. 80 samples were collected for the period from October 2018- April 2019, including two groups of 30 samples healthy control and 50 samples from pregnant women infected with Toxoplasma gondii. The results of the present study indicated the presence of IL-6 (-174 G/C) polymorphism in pregnant women infected with Toxoplasma gondii and healthy control. Where was observed that CG genotype more frequent in patients indicating the association of this genotype with the disease compared to the control group where CG genotype appears less. Also, the results of the current study indicate the appearance of allele C more frequently in pregnant women patients compared to healthy control. We can conclude from the present study there association of appearance allele C with Toxoplasma gondii infection.

Relationship Between IL-10 Gene Polymorphism and Spinal Tuberculosis.

BackgroundTo investigate the relation between interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene rs1800871 (A/G) polymorphism and spinal tuberculosis.Material/MethodsA total of 129 patients with spinal tuberculosis (spinal tuberculosis group) and 106 healthy subjects receiving physical examination (control group) were enrolled in this study. The general data of these subjects were collected, and the C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and baseline hematologic function were examined. The rs1800871 (A/G) polymorphism in IL-10 gene was detected by TaqMan-MGB probe method.ResultsThe C-reactive protein, ESR, white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count and relative neutrophil count in spinal tuberculosis group were higher than those in control group, while the absolute lymphocyte count and relative lymphocyte count were lower than those in control group (p<0.05). Compared with AA genotype, GG and AG+GG genotypes showed statistically significant difference in distribution frequency (p<0.05), but no significant difference was detected between AG genotype and AA genotype (p>0.05). In spinal tuberculosis group, the frequency of G allele was higher than that of A allele (p<0.01). The C-reactive protein, ESR, white blood cell count and relative neutrophil count in GG genotype were increased compared with those in AG+GG genotype (p<0.05).ConclusionsThe rs1800871 (A/G) polymorphism in IL-10 gene is related to the susceptibility to spinal tuberculosis. Moreover, carrying G allele increases the risk of spinal tuberculosis.

Association of Promoter Region Polymorphisms of IL-10 Gene with Susceptibility to Lung Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective:Epidemiological studies have suggested that the promoter region polymorphisms of interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene may be associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. However, those studies results are controversial. Thus, a comprehensive meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the association of promoter region polymorphisms of IL-10 gene with susceptibility to lung cancer. Methods:a comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, and CNKI databases was performed to find all eligible studies up to September 15, 2018. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of such association. Results:A total number of 19 case-control studies with 4084 cases and 6,131 controls were selected. The overall meta-analysis results showed that the -592A>C polymorphism was significantly associated with lung cancer risk under four genetic models, i.e., allele (CT vs. TT: OR= 1.17, 95% CI 1.01-1.35, p=0.02), homozygote (CC vs. AA: OR= 1.64, 95% CI 1.29-2.02, p≤0.001), heterozygote (CA vs. AA: OR= 1.26, 95% CI 1.06-1.50, p≤0.001), and dominant (CC+CA vs. AA: OR= 1.31, 95% CI 1.11-1.54, p=0.001). However, there was no significant association between -819T>C and -1082A>G polymorphisms of IL-10 and lung cancer risk. Similarly, subgroup analyses by ethnicity detected significant association between IL-10 -592A>C and lung cancer among Asians and Caucasians. Conclusions:Our meta-analysis suggests that the IL-10 -592A>C polymorphism might be risk factor for lung cancer, especially among Asian and Caucasians. In contrast, the IL-10 -819T>C and -1082A>G polymorphisms are not significantly associated with increased risk of lung cancer.

Interleukin-6 serum level and gene polymorphism in keloid patients

The formation of keloid is associated with accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) formed mainly of collagen and fibronectin. Persistent deregulated IL-6 synthesis causes the development of various diseases. This study aim to investigate interleukin 6 (IL-6) serum level and gene polymorphism in a sample of Egyptian patients having keloid. This study was carried out on 90 subjects; 60 patients with keloid, and 30 age and sex matched apparently healthy control. All subjects underwent full history taking, clinical examinations, weight and length measuring to calculate BMI, dermatological examination, analysis of IL6-572 gene polymorphism using REFLP- PCR and IL-6 serum level using ELISA.IL-6 serum levels were significantly higher in keloid patients than control group (75.54±39.18) vs (19.17±6.06), (p &lt;0.001). The higher serum levels of IL-6 were associated with GG genotype (104.84±19.12) followed by CG (57.64±35.38) genotype (P&lt;0.001). GG genotype was significantly higher in keloid patients and increased the risk for keloid development by nearly14 folds (p&lt;0.001, OR (95%CI) =13.81). CG genotype was significantly observed in keloid patients and increased the risk for keloid development by about 4 times (p=0.010, OR (95%CI) =4.27). G Allele significantly increased the risk for keloid development by about 5 folds (P &lt;0.001 OR =5.11). In conclusion, there was a great association between IL-6 572 gene polymorphism and its serum level in patients with keloid specifically who have family history.

Interleukin 6 (rs1800795) gene polymorphism is associated with cardiovascular diseases: a meta-analysis of 74 studies with 86,229 subjects.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are group of complex and multifactorial pathologies, in which interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene polymorphisms have been associated with several components of the CVD. Thus, in this study, we thoroughly reviewed and meta-analyzed evidence on the association between the IL-6 (rs1800795) gene polymorphism and CVD. We systematically searched in the PubMed, Web of Sciences, and Scopus databases. The analyses were performed using five study groups based on (1) a combined pool of the overall populations, (2) the country of birth, (3) the continent of birth, (4) the diagnosis and (5) both location (country or continent) and diagnosis. The analysis included the allelic, homozygote, heterozygote, dominant and recessive models. The meta-analysis showed that -174G>C (rs1800795) is a risk factor for CVD (allelic: OR=1.06, CI 95%=1.02-1.10. Z p value <0.0001; homozygous: OR=1.11, CI 95%=1.03-1.19, Z p value= 0.002; heterozygous: OR=1.08, CI 95%=1.03-1.21, Z p value= 0.003; dominant: OR= 1.12, CI 95%= 1.07-1.18, Z p value= 0.001) and that this risk increases in the Chinese population. Additionally, we found that carriers of the C allele of 174G>C (rs1800795) polymorphism have an increase in the risk of coronary artery disease under the hereditary models assessed in the study. Using robust data, we found that IL-6 (rs1800795) -174G>C gene polymorphism is associated with CVD risk.

Significant association between IL-18 and OCT4 gene polymorphisms in susceptibility and clinical characteristics of prostate cancer*

Abstract Objective Recent studies have shown abnormal expression of octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) to be related to cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms by which the IL-18 and OCT4 gene polymorphisms are associated with prostate cancer remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine whether the presence of IL-18 and OCT4 polymorphisms were associated with size, grade, tumor, nodes and metastasis (TNM) stage, or survival in patients with prostate cancer. Methods Polymorphisms in OCT4 and IL-18 genes were evaluated to determine susceptibility to prostate cancer in 120 patients. A control group consisted of 125 Chinese participants. Genotyping was performed using TaqMan allelic discrimination assays, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Results No association was found between OCT4 and IL-18 gene polymorphisms and prostate cancer susceptibility. For OCT4 AA and IL-18-607 CC genotypes, there was a significant association with higher tumor grade (P = 0.03 and P = 0.025) and stage (P = 0.04 and P = 0.001). The OCT4 and IL-18-137 GG genotype was correlated with higher tumor grade (P = 0.028) and stage (P = 0.008). Furthermore, OCT4 AA was significantly more frequent in patients with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.02) and distant metastasis (P = 0.01). The Cox proportional hazard model showed that tumor grade and stage grouping were independent prognostic factors but IL-18 and OCT4 polymorphisms were not. Conclusion The OCT4 gene may have a profound effect on prostate cancer risk. Polymorphism variants in the IL-18 (IL-18-607 and IL-18-137) and OCT4 genes may be associated with poor prognoses for individuals with prostate cancer.

IL-10 gene polymorphism in diabetic retinopathy.

To investigate the relationship between the interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene polymorphism and the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). According to the fundus examination report, 420 patients with diabetes were divided into the non-DR group (n=200) and the DR group (n=220). The single nucleotide polymorphisms rs1145612 and rs11567245 in the promoter region of the IL-10 gene were classified by the conformational differential gel electrophoresis. No correlation was found between the polymorphism rs1145612 and the clinical information of DR patients. The polymorphism rs11567245 had correlations with multiple clinical indicators of DR patients, including body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and 2-h postprandial blood glucose (2hBG) (p<0.05). The IL-10 gene promoter rs1145612 is not related to the occurrence and development of DR, but a relationship exists between the polymorphism rs11567245 and the occurrence and development of DR.

Polymorphisms in interleukin genes and their association with the risk of recurrent pregnancy loss.

Interleukins play important roles in pregnancy. Altered expression and splicing of various interleukins have been linked to the pathophysiology of recurrent pregnancy loss. Polymorphisms in interleukin genes can affect the expression and/or splicing of their respective genes and thus influence the risk of recurrent pregnancy loss. In this work, we examined the association between the IL1B rs16944, IL1B rs1143634, IL6 rs1800795, IL6 rs1800796, IL10 rs1800896 and IL18 rs187238 polymorphisms and recurrent pregnancy loss risk in a Chinese population. Study subjects comprised 598 idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss patients and 603 controls. The genotyping was accomplished by PCR-RFLP. Regression analysis was performed to evaluate the disease association. After adjustment by Bonferroni correction, only the IL1B rs16944 and IL6 rs1800796 polymorphisms were significantly associated with risk of recurrent pregnancy loss. The heterozygous TC genotype of IL1B rs16944 had an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 1.4209 (1.1302-1.8929) (P = 0.0019), while the homozygous CC genotype had an aOR of 1.7398 (1.2133-2.3203) (P = 0.0008). A significant association was also observed for the C allele [aOR = 1.3747 (1.1296-1.8972)] (P = 0.0003). For IL6 rs1800796, the heterozygous CG genotype, the homozygous GG genotype and the G allele had aORs of 0.7342 (0.4412-0.8423) (P = 0.0016), 0.5424 (0.1768-0.7865) (P = 0.0014) and 0.7009 (0.4511-0.8034) (P = 0.0007), respectively. In summary, the IL1B rs16944 and IL6 rs1800796 variants were associated with an increased and a decreased recurrent pregnancy loss risk, respectively.