Abstract
Purpose. To determine the frequency of interleukin-4 (IL-4) (C-589T, rs2243250) single nucleotide polymorphism in children with bronchial asthma (BA) and allergic rhinitis (AR) and with isolated or allergic rhinitis-induced comorbid malocclusion. Materials and methods. Single nucleotide polymorphism of the IL-4 (C-589T, rs2243250) gene was analyzed in 170 children aged between 6 and 17 years, 11 months, 29 days. Group I included 89 children with BA; Group II consisted of 31 children with AR; Group III was composed of 27 children with AR and distal occlusion (DO); Group ІV comprised 23 children with malocclusion. Genotyping was performed using a commercial “SNP-express RT” kit by real-time polymerase chain reaction method (Applied Biosystems, USA) via TagMan ® SNP Genotyping Assay on an amplifier CFX96 TM Real-Time PCR Detection System (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.,USA). DNA was isolated using a commercial DNA-express kit (“LLC Research and Production Company LITEKH”). The general, recessive and dominant models of inheritance and the odds ratios with a 95 % confidence interval were used for the analysis. The results analysis was conducted using the Statistica 6.0RU licensed software package. Results. IL-4 (C-589T, rs2243250) gene polymorphism in children with allergy and malocclusion living in Zaporizhzhia was analyzed for the first time. The frequency of C/C – C/T – T/T genotypes registration was 69.66 % – 22.47 % – 7.87 % of cases in children with BA; 58.06 % – 38.71 % – 3.23 % in children with AR; 62.96 % – 29.63 % – 7.40 % in AR with DO. On the contrary, in children with malocclusion, the C/C (34.78 %) and T/T (4.35 %) genotypes were registered less frequently and the C/T genotype (60.87 %) was recorded more often as a genetic feature of the DO phenotype. Conclusions. The C/C genotype of IL-4 (C-589T, rs2243250) gene was associated with bronchial asthma (OR = 4.31; 95 % CI = 1.63–11.36; P = 0.002) and allergic rhinitis (OR = 4.32 (95% CI = 1.04–7.81; P = 0.04), in comparison with the fact that the C/T + T/T genotype indicated a predisposition to malocclusion development.
Highlights
The morbidity rate of allergic diseases has shown a continuous increase in Europe and in other regions of the world, that currently poses a serious challenge to modern pediatrics and requires further research [1]
We analyzed the distribution of polymorphism genotypes of the IL-4 (S-589T, rs2243250) gene in each study group depending on the nosology, namely, the presence of allergic pathology: bronchial asthma (BA), allergic rhinitis (AR), comorbid distal occlusion (DO) induced by nasal obstruction due to AR and isolated malocclusion in the form of DO without allergic diseases
The polymorphism of the interleukin-4 gene C-589T, rs2243250) has been investigated for the first time in children with respiratory forms of allergy and with isolated or allergic rhinitis-induced comorbid malocclusion living in the city of Zaporizhzhia
Summary
The morbidity rate of allergic diseases has shown a continuous increase in Europe and in other regions of the world, that currently poses a serious challenge to modern pediatrics and requires further research [1]. The well-known po pulation-based studies indicate that the frequency of allergic diseases just in teenagers fluctuates from 40.3 % to 71.1 %. The prevalence of bronchial asthma (BA) is 12.9 % and allergic rhinitis (AR) – 32.8 % [2,3]. In conditions of a high prevalence rate of malocclusion in children and adolescents, various dental anomalies and deformities represent up to 56.13–62.48 %, and in cases of nasopharyngeal diseases, including rhinitis, this figure increases to 86.08 ± 1.59 %. The frequency of malocclusion without concomitant pathology is much less and rates to 35.63–45.92 % of cases, which necessitates the study of isolated malocclusion and with AR comorbidity in children [6,7]
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