Interleaved Boost Converter Research Articles

Reconfigurable Converter Topologies for EV Fast Charging Stations

Infrastructure for charging electric vehicles (EVs) is highly demanded due to the rising number of EVs on the road. Stations for charging electric vehicles are necessary for the ongoing transportation e-mobility. In particular, fast charging infrastructures increase the computing ability of transmission grids that are already under a lot of pressure. The market's current energizing foundation takes a ton of room and incidentally causes gridlocks, which raises the risk of mishaps and hinders crisis vehicles. The cost of installing this charging infrastructure increases significantly because the current system needs a lot of room. To resolve these issues, this work depicts a Reconfigurable Multidevice Interleaved Boost Converter Topologies with Placement Algorithm for adjusting and a space-proficient charging foundation. Because of its insignificant electromagnetic impedance, low input and result voltage swells, bidirectionality, high efficiency and dependability, delicate switching, commotion free activity, low exchanging loss, and high effectiveness, this topology is the most ideal decision for high-power EVs.

Dynamic Neural-Based Model Predictive Voltage Controller for an Interleaved Boost Converter With Adaptive Constraint Tuning

in recent years, interleaved current-fed boost dc converters consisting of a voltage multiplier and an active clamp circuit have been interested because of their good features like low input currents, and output voltages ripple high voltage-gains. Then developing more effective modeling and control techniques is important to increase their performance. In modeling section, it has been tried to estimate system model using the real data and dynamic neural networks with reducing number of variables. In control section there are constraints on control signal and its changing rate and in the proposed dynamic neural-based model predictive control (NMPC) controller, control signal changes constraint has been calculated adaptively. The proposed NMPC has been applied on system in online form and experimental results have been compared to the basic NMPC and a PI controllers. The output voltage have been specified for two loads with different input voltage. The experimental results show that their current transient response has smaller current peak and output voltage has smaller overshoot when load and voltage change. Output voltage steady-state response also has smaller oscillations about 2 volts for using proposed NMPC.

A comprehensive analysis of control strategies for enhancing regulation in standalone photovoltaic systems

This article extensively analyses PI, Type-2, and Type-3 controllers in interfacing converters, specifically focusing on boost and interleaved-boost converters. The primary objective is to enhance regulation within a standalone microgrid system integrated with photovoltaic (PV) sources. The analysis encompasses various aspects of regulation, including line and load regulation, reference tracking, and parametric sensitivity analysis. The initial phase of the study involves examining interfacing converters, specifically the boost and interleaved-boost converters, using small-signal modelling in the continuous conduction mode (CCM). Subsequently, we propose and implement PI, Type-2, and Type-3 controllers for the closed-loop operation of these converters to achieve improved dynamic efficiency and reliability. The implemented control strategy integrates maximum power point tracking (MPPT) with these controllers (PI, Type-2, Type-3) and compares boost and interleaved-boost converters comprehensively. This comparison is supported by theoretical, numerical, and graphical analyses of various transient parameters such as rise time, settling time, and maximum overshoot. The results of our study demonstrate that the interleaved-boost converter (IBC) coupled with a Type-3 controller exhibits the most favourable transient performance across all aspects of regulation, including line and load regulation, reference tracking, and parametric sensitivity analysis. To validate the proposed methodology, we conducted experimental work with an input voltage of 10 V, using the parameters of the Exide 225-watt polycrystalline solar panel as a reference.

Interleaved boost converter voltage regulation using hybrid ANFIS-PID controller for off-grid microgrid

The utilization of a microgrid with a photovoltaic (PV) and wind generation system presents a challenge due to their voltage and power output variations. This problem is majorly addressed within the converter section of the microgrid using maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms and voltage regulation strategies. This paper presents an interleaved boost converter (IBC) modeling and voltage control using a hybrid adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system-proportional plus integral plus derivative (ANFIS-PID) controller for an off-grid microgrid. The modeling used the interleaving technique to obtain the microgrid’s transfer function (TF) and case study simulation models within MATLAB and Simulink environments. The performance of the ANFIS-PID controller, which regulates voltage in the microgrid, was compared to that of the traditional proportional integral (PI) controller. Results indicated that the hybrid ANFIS-PID controller performed better than the PI controller in terms of reduced settling time, overshoot, rise time, and the ability to address the nonlinear dynamics of the microgrid.

Interleaved boost converter voltage regulation using hybrid ANFIS-PID controller for off-grid microgrid

The utilization of a microgrid with a photovoltaic (PV) and wind generation system presents a challenge due to their voltage and power output variations. This problem is majorly addressed within the converter section of the microgrid using maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms and voltage regulation strategies. This paper presents an interleaved boost converter (IBC) modeling and voltage control using a hybrid adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system-proportional plus integral plus derivative (ANFIS-PID) controller for an off-grid microgrid. The modeling used the interleaving technique to obtain the microgrid’s transfer function (TF) and case study simulation models within MATLAB and Simulink environments. The performance of the ANFIS-PID controller, which regulates voltage in the microgrid, was compared to that of the traditional proportional integral (PI) controller. Results indicated that the hybrid ANFIS-PID controller performed better than the PI controller in terms of reduced settling time, overshoot, rise time, and the ability to address the nonlinear dynamics of the microgrid.

Isolated Interleaved Boost Converter Based Single-Phase Grid-Interfaced Photovoltaic System

An isolated interleaved boost converter (IIBC) based single-phase grid-interfaced photovoltaic system (SPGIPS) and its control are proposed in this article. The proposed double-stage SPGIPS consists of an IIBC and a single-phase full bridge voltage source converter (SPFBVSC). An IIBC is designed using a high-frequency transformer (HFT), two primary inductors, and two static switches with its emitter shared with photovoltaic (PV) panel ground. Shared emitter terminal reduces the gate control circuit complexity and HFT facilitates a galvanic isolation between PV panels and the utility grid, and thus it mitigates the appearance of leakage current. An IIBC reduces the ripple in PV panel current and voltages and therefore guarantees improved maximum power point operation (MPPO) of the PV system. To ensure the MPPO at PV panel terminals, a sliding mode control is used. The output DC terminals of IIBC are interfaced with self-commutated switches based SPFBVSC. To synchronize SPFBVSC with the utility grid, a new modified fourth-order generalized integrator (mFOGI) is developed. The mFOGI provides stable synchronization signal even under presence of noise, under/over shoot, or DC offset in the AC supply voltage. The proposed SPGIPS control and its performance are validated on Simulink and prototype system.

Backstepping Based Grey Wolf and DPC for Power Quality Improvement and Active Power Injection in PV Grid-connected System Based on Interleaved Boost Converter

This research offers the backstepping based grey wolf control design for a multifunctional PV grid-connected system (MPGC) based on four phases interleaved boost converter. This work proposes a solution to the issues of harmonic mitigation, reactive power compensation, and PV-generated power injection into the grid-based MPGC. The interleaved boost converter (IBC), controlled using maximum power point tracking (MPPT), is utilized to harvest the photovoltaic (PV) system's peak power and overcome the conventional topology's drawbacks. Direct power control (DPC) based on space-vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) is used to control the instantaneous power of the MPGC, and the backstepping control (BSC) is applied to the whole system to maintain the robustness and stability of the suggested method. The Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) optimized the system's dynamic response by adjusting the BSC parameters. The results were obtained using MATLAB/Simulink software. The suggested work shows excellent performance based on the obtained results, achieving the sinusoidal waveform of the currents and a unity power factor. Total harmonic distortion (THD) has been decreased below 5% in accordance with IEEE 519-2014 standard.

Balanced Two-phase Interleaved Boost Converter with Integrated Magnetics for Common-Mode Noise Reduction

Balanced Two-phase Interleaved Boost Converter with Integrated Magnetics for Common-Mode Noise Reduction

An E-Core Based Integrated Coupled Inductor for Interleaved Boost Converter

Interleaving in a boost converter is beneficial for lowering input and output current ripples through ripple cancellation due to phase-shift between channel currents. However, interleaving does not affect the channel current ripple. The channel current comprises circulating Differential Mode (DM) current and Common Mode (CM) boost current, whose ripples constitute the total channel current ripple. Inverse coupling between channel inductors effectively lowers channel current ripple while maintaining the same input and output current ripples. However, with a single inverse coupled inductor, its leakage inductance, which serves as a boost inductor, depends on the winding arrangement and is challenging to balance in both channels. To overcome this, the inverse coupled inductor can be implemented as a cascade of inverse (DM inductance) and direct (CM inductance) coupled inductors. The DM and CM currents and their ripples then depend on CM and DM inductances, respectively. Nonetheless, this approach results in increased size and count of magnetic cores. In this paper, an Integrated Magnetic Structure (IMS), based on a gapped EE-core, is proposed that combines both CM and DM inductances in a single core. The CM and DM inductances are independent and depend on separate winding turns. A reluctance model is derived, and a design procedure is developed where core parameters are expressed in terms of converter parameters. Finally, the proposed IMS concept is validated through a 300 W, 100 V to 168 V prototype, switching at 70 kHz.

Modelling and Simulation of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Based on MATLAB/ Simulink

Abstract: Due to the more vigorous regulations on carbon gas emissions and fuel economy, Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEV) are becoming more popular in the automobile industry. This paper presents a neural network based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller for 1.26 kW Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC), supplying electric vehicle powertrain through a high voltage-gain DC-DC boost converter. The proposed neural network MPPT controller uses Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN) algorithm for tracking the Maximum Power Point (MPP) of the PEMFC. High switching frequency and high voltage gain DC-DC converters are essential for the propulsion of FCEV. In order to attain high voltage gain, a three-phase high voltage gain Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC) is also designed for FCEV system. The interleaving technique reduces the input current ripple and voltage stress on the power semiconductor devices. The performance analysis of the FCEV system with RBFN based MPPT controller is compared with the Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) in MATLAB/Simulink platform.

Grey Wolf Optimization and Fed Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Controllers Based on Interleaved Boost Converters for Symmetric PV Systems under Asymmetric Partial Shading

This research articles proposes a comparative symmetric examination of the four maximum-power point-tracking algorithms under partial shaded conditions, including Conservative MPPT, Grey Wolf Optimization, and Fast Terminal Sliding Mode MPPT. In addition, the genetic algorithm MPPT, particle-swarm optimization MPPT, Grey Wolf optimization MPPT, and perturb and observe MPPT are included in this study. A smart method was to use Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Grey Wolf Optimization algorithms under partly shadowed situations on a global MPPT. This study included a GWO methodology that successfully set the efficient FTSM controller parameters such that the global maximum-power photovoltaic (PV) device point-tracking was monitored under partial shading. In the MATLAB setting and test performance, it was programmed for the suggested methodology of changing the shade pattern status dynamically. The findings were assessed and compared with other symmetric algorithms. Unlike other algorithms, the methodology used herein wasa less accurate way to monitor a global MPP. These methods were also evaluated and contrasted with PV arrays under various partial shadowing circumstances. The experimental investigations were used to verify the control techniques and stability analysis based on the asymmetric nonlinear load method of analysis in a closed-loop design.

SVPWM control strategy for Novel Interleaved High Gain DC converter fed 3-level NPC Inverter for Renewable Energy Applications

The high-gain DC converter is a crucial step in the conversion process for raising the voltage from PV panels to the desired voltage level in renewable energy applications. This article proposes a three-phase grid connected PV system with a novel interleaved high gain DC converter fed 3-level Neutral-Point-Clamped (NPC) Inverter. The novel high-gain DC converter consists of an interleaved boost converter (IBC) at its input side, a switched capacitor cell, a passive clamp circuit, and a voltage multiplier unit (VMU). The interleaved arrangement eliminates the input current ripple, and the VMU is utilized to improve the overall voltage gain besides the reverse recovery problem of diodes. The proposed converter is operated at a duty cycle D = 0.6 and a high voltage conversion ratio of 17.5 which is ideal for sustainable energy applications. This paper uses the proposed converter for a grid-connected solar PV system with an NPC inverter controlled using Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) technique. The SVPWM strategic approach is a prevalent modulation technique for NPC inverter due to its extensibility in choosing the ideal voltage vectors. It uses an active filter, which is more dependable, dynamically better behaved, and capable of operating accurately under distorted grid voltages under varying load conditions. The proposed grid-associated PV system with a novel interleaved converter and 3-level NPC inverter is employed in Matlab/SimPower System and experimentally verified. Power loss and efficiency calculations were performed on the DC converter side, and the efficiency was 96.07%. NPC inverters have a THD of 22.2%. Results from simulations and experiments indicate that the suggested topology can efficiently extricate the maximal amount of power from PV modules and inject energy into the grid system with excellent steady-state and dynamic performance.

A Water Cycle Approach for Maximum Power Point Tracking through an Interleaved Boost Converter

In this work, an Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC) is developed for Sun Powered E-vehicles (SPEVs) to reduce input/output filters, improve dynamic characteristics, and minimize device stress compared to conventional designs. The IBC achieves these goals by utilizing current control loops and lowering the size of passive components, resulting in excellent efficiency and reduced input/output voltage variation. To ensure an uninterrupted power supply (UPS) and support vehicle movement under erratic conditions, an MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) controller is essential in the PV battery system. However, under non-ideal conditions such as shading, irradiance, temperature, and inclination angle variations, PV systems may experience multiple power peaks, making it challenging to identify the global peak. To address this issue, a unique Water Cycle Optimized Perturb and Observe (WCO-PO) method is proposed in this work. The proposed technique demonstrates shorter computation time, rapid convergence rate, and minimal variations after reaching the MPP (Maximum PowerPoint) in various weather scenarios, as demonstrated using MATLAB/Simulink software. The test results are presented with a comparison of the proposed approach against other methods, showcasing the advantages of the Water Cycle approach in MPPT through an Interleaved Boost Converter.

Interleaved boost converter open switch fault detection and reconfiguration using harmonic selection calculation

SummaryIn this paper, a new technique for open‐circuit switch fault (OCF) detection and reconfiguration of an interleaved boost converter (IBC) is proposed. Harmonic selection calculation (HSC) is elaborated from the frequency domain analysis using the Fourier transformer of the input current. The symmetric phase shifting of the inductor currents has induced some characteristics in the input current that make the HSC an interesting tool for the fault detection process of an OCF. The HSC consists of selecting the adequate harmonic for detecting and isolating an OCF with a thresholding strategy. The proposed approach can handle different operation modes such as CCM, DCM, load change, and parameter change. Besides the short‐time detection (less than one cycle), this technique is based on the measurement of the only used inductor currents, which means that it does not require any additional hardware. The effectiveness of the proposed HSC technique is verified by simulation and experimental tests for three interleaved boost converters under different situations, such as load change, conduction mode change, and OCF mode. The obtained results show the validity of the proposed technique.

Research on a Modeling and Control Strategy for Interleaved Boost Converters with Coupled Inductors

Interleaved DC–DC converters have significant advantages in improving the capability of power converters, and coupling the filtering inductor of the converter could further increase the power density. However, existing modeling and controller designs are complex and require multiple sensors to be involved in the control, which is not conducive to engineering implementation and reducing production costs. In view of this problem, taking a two-phase interleaved boost converter with a coupled inductor as an example, the small-signal models of the converter are derived for the resistive load and constant voltage source load using the state averaging method. The total inductor current is engaged in the control as a feedback signal, avoiding the coupling effect of the inductor on increasing the complexity of the controller. Based on this, a double closed-loop controller is designed, and a prototype of the two-phase interleaved boost converter with coupled inductor is built. Only one current sensor and one voltage sensor are required to participate in the control. The effectiveness of the analysis and design in this paper are verified by experiments.

Rigdelet Neural Networks-based Maximum Power Point Tracking for a PEMFC connected to the network with Interleaved Boost Converter optimized by Improved Satin Bowerbird Optimization

This paper proposes a new control policy for optimal control of the 3-phase system of PEMFC connected to the grid. This also includes a 3-phase high step-up Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC) to amplify the PEMFC outputted voltage. To control the PEMFC system, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) based on Rigdelet Neural Networks (RNN) has been utilized, and to improve this controller, an improved version of the Satin Bowerbird Optimization (ISBO) algorithm has been utilized. The main advantage of the proposed improved version is modifying the convergence weakness and fixing convergence in chaos theory. The method is then validated by performing it one time on a standalone PEMFC system and another time on a grid-connected PEMFC system. Simulation results indicate that based o the IBC converter, better results with lower current ripples can be achieved. Also, the method has the ability to feed to both active and reactive powers by keeping stable the sudden temperatures. Final results have been also put in comparison with two different latest techniques to indicate the technique proficiency.

An Integral-Backstepping Controller for Interleaved Boost Converter based on Photovoltaic Systems

Photovoltaic systems are one of the most widely used technologies for sustainable energy production due to their various advantages, such as being clean, free, and renewable energy sources. However, the power generated by the PV systems is strongly dependent on the atmospheric conditions. In addition, a suitable DC/DC converter must be used with a robust controller to facilitate system operation point changes associated with the changed climate conditions. In this paper, to deal with this challenge, a photovoltaic system based on four leg interleaved boost converter (FLIBC) has been proposed and studied. For robustness, the presented system is controlled using nonlinear integral backstepping control (IBSC) to track the maximum power point (MPP) and ensure an equal sharing current among the FLIBC legs. Moreover, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to find the optimum gains of the proposed IBSC. The entire system is simulated and validated using MATLAB/ Simulink environment. The simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed system based on the optimized IBSC (OIBSC) controller in terms of MPP tracking speed, overshoot and undershoot reduction, power ripple, and optimization of the performance term integral time square error (ITSE).

Design and Control of High Voltage Gain Interleaved Boost Converter for Fuel Cell Based Electric Vehicle Applications

The need for power is raising rapidly all across the world right now. This last period has seen a dramatic increase in the severity of global warming brought on by the earth's climate. Greenhouse gas emissions from customary fossil fuel-depend vehicles have risen to the forefront of environmental concerns as the number of cars on the road continues to rise. Pollution from traditional internal combustion engines is rising at an alarming rate. A growing number of people see renewable energy based techniques as ideal answers to the problems of rising fuel efficiency regulations and falling pollution levels. In recent years, interest in hydrogen's potential as a new energy vector has grown rapidly; this is because hydrogen can be converted to electric energy in a fuel cell (FC), making it a viable option for powering fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV). In comparison to other fuel cell types, the working temperature range of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) makes it the best option for usage in automobiles. As the value of FC modules is rather low, a further action is necessary for interfacing with utility grids in FC-based power sources. Even though a traditional boost converter may increase the DC bus voltage from the FC to the necessary level by the inverter, doing so at a very high duty ratio reduces the converter's efficiency and effectiveness. In this study, we propose using high-gain interleaved DC-DC converters to fix this issue. To provide the electric vehicle's power train, this research introduces a radial basis function network (RBFN) with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method for PEMFC. To determine the PEMFC's optimum operating point, the planned NN-MPPT method employs a RBFN. FCEVS require dc-dc converters with more switching frequencies and heavy voltage gains for propulsion. A three-phase high voltage-gain interleaved boost converter (HV-GIBC) is also developed for the FCEV method to achieve high voltage-gain. Power semiconductors are stressed by leakage current fluctuation and voltage fluctuations are lessened by the interleaving method. We evaluate the MATLAB/Simulink platform's Fuzzy Logic controller against the RBFN-based MPPT controller in an FCEV system's performance evaluation.

Adaptive Model Predictive Control of an Interleaved Boost Converter Using Real-Time Updated Model

To optimize the voltage regulation performance and enhance the robustness, an adaptive model predictive controller is proposed in this article for an interleaved dc–dc boost converter. The predictive model is constructed by linearizing the nonlinear equations of the converter at the current operating point. A novel parameter update mechanism is developed based on the static model, which enables fast and accurate identification of the model parameters, thus the control law can guarantee the desired control performance in the wide operating range. Based on the adaptive model, a disturbance observer is constructed to correct the model predictions and mitigate parameter uncertainties. Then an explicit control law is derived by solving the optimization problem offline, and the stability analysis is carried out using the linear control theory. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by both simulation and experimental results.

A Family of Interleaved Boost Converters for Battery Discharging in Space Applications

A family of interleaved boost converters and an original systematic derivation method based on the two-phase interleaved inverse-coupled inductor concept are proposed in this article for battery discharging in spacecraft applications. The family, including 14 converters, is generated by interconnecting multiple pulsating voltage cells through the energy storage cells. The basic pulsating voltage cells are derived from an inverse-coupled boost converter, and the energy storage cells include an inductor cell, tapped inductor cell, flyback cell, buck-current-fed cell, and partially current-fed cell. The proposed family of converters achieves high efficiency, step-up power conversion without the right-half-plane zero effect, continuous output current and low side switch driver. The operational principle and small-signal analysis of a representative topology in the proposed family of converters are discussed in detail. Moreover, experimental and simulation results are presented to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the developed converter. Finally, the characteristics of the proposed family of converters are compared with other state-of-the-art converters.