Ministry Of Interior Research Articles

Mülkiye ile Hariciye Arasında Bir Ömür: Hariciye Nazırı Kürt Said Paşa [1834-1907

Bu çalışmada Sultan II. Abdülhamid dönemi Hariciye Nazırlarından Mehmed Said Paşa’nın biyografisi ortaya konmuştur. Memuriyet hayatı Tanzimat devrinde başlayan Said Paşa’nın Mülkiye ve Hariciye arasında salınan kariyeri süresince müdahil olduğu olaylar incelenmiştir. Paşanın Mülkiye görevleri ve Hariciye nazırlıkları döneminde imparatorluğu ilgilendiren temel sorunlar ele alınmış, bu sorunların Said Paşa’nın kariyerine yaptığı etkiler tespit edilmiştir. Paşanın Mülkiye mesleği içindeki görev alanları imparatorluğun sınır bölgelerindeki mutasarrıflık ve vilayetlerden oluşmaktadır. Suriye Vilayeti Umur-ı Ecnebiye Müdürlüğü (politika memurluğu) görevinden itibaren stratejik önemdeki idari birimlerde ve teftiş komisyonlarında görev almıştır. Bu görevlerde edindiği birikim, paşayı Hariciye Nazırlığına taşımıştır. Said Paşa’nın Hariciye Nazırlığı dönemine ait temel meseleler Doğu Rumeli, Berlin Kongresi, Ermeni Meselesi ve zenci esir ticareti konularıdır. Yönetim gücünün Babıali’den Yıldız Sarayı’na geçtiği bir dönemde görev yapan Said Paşa’nın II. Abdülhamid idaresi içindeki konumu belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışmayla Hariciye Nazırlığı gibi önemli bir makamda kesintisiz en uzun süre görev yapan devlet adamlarından biri olan Said Paşa’nın Tanzimat’tan II. Abdülhamid dönemine uzanan hayatı ve politik faaliyetlerine ışık tutulmuştur.

Creation of the first UXO detection test site in Slovakia at the Rohožník military training range

In the development of geophysical methods for unexploded ordnance detection, a very important role is played by UXO test sites, where known ordnance and other explosive/nonexplosive items are buried in the ground at defined positions. At such sites, various detection methods can be compared, developed and tested. Based on a cooperation between the Department of Applied Geophysics (Comenius University), Institute of Forensic Science (Slovak Ministry of Interior) and Rohožník military training range a project was performed, which was focused on the creation of the first UXO detection test site in Slovakia. It was restricted to one type of ordnance – inert tank projectiles with diameter of 100 mm. These were buried in the ground at different depths and with different orientations. Data acquisition mapping the test site was performed from the ground surface, using total field intensity magnetometers, vertical difference magnetometers and ground penetrating radar (GPR). Data acquired from all methods were processed, interpreted and archived for future reference. Most of the items were readily detected by each of the detection sensors used but the deepest items at the least favourable orientation exceeded the detection limit of the magnetometers trialled with total field performing better than the vertical gradiometers. For the application of GPR, this site was found to have favourable soil conductivity conditions permitting even the deepest items to be detected when favourably oriented. Vertical orientation presenting the smallest reflective cross-section was least favourable with some shallow items escaping detection. The most accurate depth estimations for detectable items were obtained from GPR data presented as 2D non-migrated vertical sections. Geophysical data sets acquired at seeded test sites such as the one now established at the Rohožník military training range can provide important base-line data for comparison from which development of new detection and data interpretation technologies can be evaluated.

Men Can Be Victims Too: Latent Class Analysis of Extrafamilial Male-on-Male Sexual Assault Scripts

ABSTRACT Male-on-male sexual assaults (MMSA) have been overlooked in the literature, especially in light of the offender’s decisional sequence. Additionally, current studies have never been supported by a strong theoretical framework. Therefore, the present study aims to describe MMSA by investigating the heterogeneity of MMSA scripts as well as by highlighting how victim, offender, and crime characteristics influence the crime-commission process. Using a database provided by the French Ministry of Interior, a latent class analysis supported by the script approach was conducted amongst 459 cases of MMSA. The model was composed of 16 variables illustrating various stages in the crime-commission process and 23 variables related to the offender and victim’s characteristics were used to assess external validity. The findings support the heterogeneity of MMSA and highlight the existence of four scripts, namely the Intimate Outdoor, the Acquaintance Indoor, the Coercive Indoor, and the Stranger Outdoor scripts. Our results do not only contribute to raising awareness on the issue of MMSA, but they also have various practical implications as they can be used to guide prevention and investigation efforts.

Recovery Assessment of Permanent Housing after the 2004 Tsunami in Thailand toward Sustainable Planning

In this study, a recovery assessment of the permanent housing and living conditions in the aftermath of the 2004 Tsunami in Phang-nga Province, Thailand, was conducted using geoinformatics technologies, field observations, and living-related parameters from basic minimum need (BMN) data retrieved from the Ministry of Interior. In the results, 29 permanent housing projects were mapped, classified into five sizes (very small, small, medium, large, and very large), and overlaid with the tsunami-inundated zone visually interpreted from satellite images. Thirteen out of twenty-nine projects were reconstructed in the inundation zone (in situ), while the rest were relocated to higher ground. Permanent houses were rebuilt in 18 communities in three patterns: single-story or one-story houses (511 houses), single-story and raised-basement houses (58 houses), and two-story houses (712 houses). The selected BMN’s living-related parameters, such as sufficient water for household consumption (dimension: dwelling), employment of people between 15 and 60 years old (dimension: economy), and participation in communities’ activities (dimension: participation), which covered 2002–2015 at the community-based level, were compared annually to its criterion and indicated as passing or not passing the standard. The reconstructed communities recovered (passing the requirements) within four years of transferring to the reconstructed houses.

The Emergence of Global Maoism: China's Red Evangelism and the Cambodian Communist Movement, 1949–1979 by Matthew Galway

<i>The Emergence of Global Maoism: China's Red Evangelism and the Cambodian Communist Movement, 1949–1979</i> by Matthew Galway

AN OVERVIEW OF CARBON MONOXIDE DEATHS IN KUWAIT BETWEEN YEARS 2013-2019 WITH FOUR RARE CASES PRESENTATION: A FORENSIC PRACTITIONER EXPERIENCE.

Background: Carbon monoxide (CO) is an odorless, colorless, non-irritating highly toxic gas produced after the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. CO forms carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb), which will lead to severe tissue hypoxia and death in some cases. Materials and Method: In the present study, we will discuss the commonest causes of deaths due to CO toxicity in Kuwait between the years 2013-2019 from the perspective of a forensic medicine practitioner in the Forensic Medicine Department in the General Administration for Criminal Evidence – Ministry of Interior- Kuwait. Additionally, we present a rare accidental death of four cases (2 male and female partners), which were handled in 2015 and 2016 in the Forensic Medicine Department. Each couple was found dead in a car parked in an open space and the lethal levels of COHb were detected in their bloods. Result and conclusion: Between the years 2013-2019, in every 100 cases of non-criminal deaths that occur yearly in Kuwait, there were 1-3 cases of CO accidental poisoning (1-2%). The ages ranged from 9 months until 81 years. The range of the COHb concentration in the blood sample was from 36.5% to 80%. The most common cause was smoke inhalation in fires (60%). Defective coal stove was less common which is believed to occur only during winter months (20%). Consequently, the presentation of four autopsies of cases found dead in closed cars in open spaces, after accidental lethal CO inhalation, was worth mentioning. After expert examination, both cars showed defective engines where the CO level increases inside the cabinet which led to death while the cars were in an open land. These cases are worthwhile reporting being rarely described in forensic toxicology.

‘Main the gap!’ The view of healthcare professionals on gains and pitfalls of traditional and innovative models for providing mental health care to imprisoned persons with a severe mental illness in Spain

IntroductionDifferent mental health care provision models coexist in prisons in Spain. The Ministry of Interior applies a traditional model to secure mental health care to 83% of the country imprisoned population. Three autonomous regions with acquired competencies for health care provision (17% of the imprisoned population) are implementing innovative care models.ObjectivesTo explore the views of healthcare professionals on models of mental health care provision for imprisoned persons with a serious mental illness (SMI) in Spain.Methods21 healthcare professionals (13 physicians, 5 nurses, 3 pharmacists) working in prisons, penitentiary psychiatric hospitals and a psychiatric in-prison unit took part in 5 online, 2 hours focus groups and one in-deep interview between 31st May and 20th July 2022. The moderator used open-ended questions to research into the characteristics of mental health care models and on the challenges for implementation. Focus groups were audiotape recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were analysed applying thematic analysis.ResultsHealthcare professionals reported that within the traditional model of healthcare provision, the psychiatric care of SMI imprisoners relies on correctional general practitioner physicians (GP). Psychiatrists act as external care providers. There are two psychiatric penitentiary hospitals with a strong correctional character for in-hospital care. Acute psychiatric care happens in prisons or at the local general hospital. Healthcare records remain within the penitentiary organization and outside the accesible healthcare information system. In consequence, there is fragmentation and delocalization of mental health care. An innovative approach consists of a dedicated mental healthcare unit within the prison with continuous psychiatric supervision of imprisoners with SMI and good quality psychiatric care. Schizophrenia and hyperactive attention deficit disorder persons benefit the most. Continued mental health care in the community remains a challenge. Another model of care is centred in the SMI imprisoned person. Acute and rehabilitation psychiatric penitentiary units operate within a network of mental health and social care resources in the community, coordinated by a liaison nurse. Individualised care plans keep SMI persons in their social environment. Costs of implementation are high. Clear definition of roles; investment in dedicated staff and shared information systems are challenges to overcome.ConclusionsInnovative models of mental health care are needed to benefit imprisoned persons with a SMI in Spain. A decided national and regional will is paramount to overcome challenges.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

A qualitative investigation of healthcare professionals’ viewpoints of the healthcare process of persons with a serious mental illness in prisons with a traditional model for mental health care provision in Spain

IntroductionHealthcare delivery in prisons depends on the national Ministry of Interior in 14 of 17 autonomous regions in Spain. A traditional model for health and mental health care provision prevails.ObjectivesTo increase understanding of the mental health care process of imprisoned persons with a serious mental illness (SMI) in Spanish prisons with a traditional model of health care provision.Methods10 healthcare professionals (6 physicians, 3 nurses, 1 pharmacist) working in small (&lt;450 imprisoners), middle size (450-1,000) and big (&gt;1,000) prisons took part in 3 online focus groups between 31st May and 2nd June 2022. The moderator used open-ended questions to research into the healthcare process (diagnosis, treatment, follow up, prevention) of imprisoners with SMI. Focus groups lasted 2 hours, and were audiotape recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were analysed applying constant comparative method and theoretical saturation.ResultsMental healthcare provision varies across prisons, but commonalities exist. Healthcare professionals reported that about 60% of SMI are diagnosed by the correctional general practice physician (GP) at incarceration. Severe cases are assessed by an external psychiatrist. Once a week (average) the psychiatrist visits the prison to either confirm diagnoses or adjust treatments. One third of imprisoners who would benefit from a psychiatric assessment has it. Follow up occurs in the prison infirmary for close supervision. If addiction concurs, referral to therapeutic modules happen. Polypharmacy and overmedication are common. Simplification of therapies and slow-release injectable formulations of antipsychotics are desirable. Everyday mental health care and rehabilitation take place throughout a specific, little equipped, psycho-social support programme implemented in most prisons but restricted to the most disabled SMI persons. Acute psychiatric episodes occur due to treatment interruptions or deviations and are managed by the correctional GP. Hospital referrals are problematic without protocols. Prevention of relapses relies on imprisoners supervision and staff observation. Healthcare records are only available to healthcare professionals working in prisons. Outside prisons, continued care needs of mental health and social support in the community. Due to healthcare services modest readiness to respond to needs and poor social networks, SMI persons are prone to relapse and recidivism.ConclusionsFocus groups found that working in isolation from the public healthcare system, shortage of psychiatrists, poorly implemented therapeutic and rehabilitation programmes, and lack of mental health and social care services in the community negatively affect the care of imprisoners with SMI in Spain.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Forecast combination approach with meta-fuzzy functions for forecasting the number of immigrants within the maritime line security project in Turkey.

In this study, forecasting the number of immigrants on the Turkey's maritime line for use in a national security project carried out by Turkish Government within the scope of fight against uncontrolled immigration is discussed for the first time. Handling with the immigration problem is one of the biggest concerns of Turkey as unsupervised immigration can adversely affect the demographic and economic structure of the country. Precautions are needed as the short-, medium- and long-term impacts of undetected immigrants on the country's ecosystem are unpredictable, but due to the uncertainties inherent in immigration, the cost of using government resources such as patrol vehicles to capture undocumented immigrants can be extremely high. In order to both minimize the expenditure problem and keep immigration under control by providing a proper scan, forecasting the number of immigrants on the maritime line route is seen as an important problem and studied by probabilistic and non-probabilistic models. Since the data for 2020 and 2021 could not be attained yet due to COVID-19, in order to obtain forecasts and compare actual observations for 2019, which is the primarily focus of the research in this study, the dataset of interest on the number of daily immigrants between years 2016 and 2019 is obtained from Turkish Coast Guard Command within Ministry of Interior of Republic of Turkey. To obtain the most accurate forecasts, seven distinguished forecasting methods, from simple to complex, are implemented. Then, the forecast combination approach with meta-fuzzy functions which combines all methods is proposed. Consequently, the forecasting results are acquired and evaluated by using R. The evaluation of the results is made by using widely considered measurement accuracy metric root mean square error. According to the final assessments, the proposed approach gives more accurate forecasting results for the expected number of immigrants on the Turkey's maritime line and these results become an input to the national security project.

The Impact of the National Police Service (NPS) on Security Sector Reforms in South Sudan: A Case Study on the Ministry of Interior in South Sudan

The study's objective is to "examine the impact of South Sudan's National Police Service (SSNPS) on security sector reforms a case study of the Ministry of Interior." An empirical inquiry was looked at, and the study was developed as a case study. The researcher used questionnaires, interviews, and observation as the main data-gathering methods. There were 80 people there in total during the research, and 60 were randomly selected as the sample size. For the purpose of this study, descriptive statistics were generated by data analysis using SPSS version 20.0 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). The data collection process employed both secondary and primary sources. The secondary responsibility was to evaluate already published works, such as books, essays, periodicals, journals, newspapers, and websites. The main methods for gathering data were questionnaires, observations, and interviews, and secondary data was also employed. The national police force of South Sudan has reportedly been able to successfully carry out the duties outlined in the SSNP Act 2011.The National Police Service must overcome a number of significant challenges before it can implement security sector reforms at the Ministry of Interior in South Sudan, according to the report, including the lack of excitement among police officers. The study analyzed published works and data collected through questionnaires, revealing that South Sudan's national police force successfully fulfils duties under the SSNP Act 2011 due to the Ministry of Interior's security sector reforms. However, challenges like lack of officer enthusiasm remain. Since 2005, South Sudan's security sector has faced challenges due to inadequate police training programs and low professionalization. Since independence in 2011, the sector has been characterized by brutality and political instability, impacting the nation's development.

Challenges facing E-government implementation and adoption in the Era of 5G, 6G

&lt;p&gt;Management- E-government projects are in the early stages in many emerging countries. They are facing several challenges regarding their implementation and adoption in the 5G and 6G environments. This research aims to identify the most prominent challenges facing the e-government project in the 5G and 6G environments, especially in the implementation and adoption phases. At the same time, it contributes to identifying the relationships and gaps through identifying factors that directly affect both the implementation and adoption such as security, privacy, and protection of personal data. In the implementation phase, the institutional theory was adopted as a study model, which was enriched through an analytical study of more than 35 studies. The studies were conducted to identify the most noticeable obstacles hindering the e-government implementation in emerging countries. The challenges were related to organizational, infrastructure, political and social themes. The factors were investigated through a study conducted with officials and influential people in the e-government in the Northern Region of Iraq (case study, ministry of interior). The study findings indicated that the previously mentioned themes pose impact on e-government implementation. Furthermore, the study contributed to identifying new contributions that include capabilities, mentality acceptance, leadership vision, telecommunication, Internet accessibility, employee training, and citizen education. In the adoption phase, UTAUT model was augmented by trusting the system and ethics of the Internet since they were factors used in the study. The results indicated that significant distinctions exist in age differences, level of education, excepting gender, and both effort expectancy and behavioral intention for utilizing e-government services in the 5G and 6G environment. Finally, the study identified a set of factors through which relationships and gaps are identified concerning the implementation and adoption of e-government in the 5G and 6G environments.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

The role of Czechoslovakia in the Revolution of 1956 and in the consolidation of the Kádár regime

Czechoslovakia’s attitude to the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 is a little-known story, even if there have been a few works on the subject in the last three decades. However, these papers have presented either exclusively the reaction of Czechoslovak (Prague) or Slovak (Bratislava) political leaders to the events. This study promises more than that. It is the first attempt to present, in a complex way, not only the documents of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ) and Communist Party of Slovakia (KSS), but also the documents of the Czechoslovak Peo- ple’s Army, the Interior Ministry and the economic documents, in order to show how Czechoslovakia reacted to the Hungarian Revolution and how it helped the Hungarian government headed by János Kádár, which was formed after the suppression of the Revolution, in the process of consolidation. The aim of this paper is to provide a synthesis of thousands of pages of documents from the archives of Prague and Bratislava relating to the events of the Hungarian Revolution and to answer the question of the role played by the Czechoslovak political, military, interior and economic leadership in the Hungarian events.

No More Women Killed in Spain! A Collaborative Femicide Prevention Effort of a Police-Led Team of Ministry of Interior and Academia

Abstract With the turn of the new century, the Spanish government developed a series of initiatives to eradicate gender violence and intimate partner femicides. Among these initiatives, the Secretary of State for Security (SSS) of the Ministry of Interior organized a National Project (Team) for the Detailed Review of Intimate Partner Homicides—a police-led team that partnered with 21 Spanish universities and several correctional facilities across 50 provinces—to conduct a concurrent embedded, correlational mixed-methods study of a nationally representative sample of 171 femicide cases and a control group of 210 non-lethal partner abuse cases (2006–2021). The results of this study served to improve current law enforcement femicide risk prediction tools (Valoracion Policial del Riesgo, VPR) and to develop different offender typologies aiming at guiding treatment interventions. New recommendations were also provided to enhance collaboration between law enforcement and other agencies so extant partner violence cases can be appropriately managed.

БОРЬБА С ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗОМ В МЕСТАХ ЛИШЕНИЯ СВОБОДЫ: ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ И СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ

The research is dedicated to primary and secondary prevention of TB in the penal enforcement system. The difficult epidemiological situation in the 1990s is stated. The activities implemented after the penitentiary service transfer from the Interior Ministry to the Ministry of Justice are meticulously described. The statistical analysis of TB incidence in the 21st century is provided including the aspects of interactions with TB services of the Russian Federation Subjects. Despite significant progress in the organization of TB care to suspects, defendants, and prisoners, we have focused on HIV/TB co-infection. The improvement of TB situation in prisons occurs more rapidly than among the adult population of the Russian Federation, according to the state and municipal health registration systems.

Community Empowerment for Sustainable Natural Management, and Securing Forest and Land Tenures.

This action research aims to explore community empowerment for sustainable natural management, and securing forest and land tenures for Indigenous People (IP) in Kratie by focusing on: (a) socio-economic characteristics; (b) engagement of IPs in forest management; (c) awareness of forest management; and, (4) local perceptions of community development. Overall, the household survey reveals there was no relationship between negative effects of a decline in forest products and the contribution of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) to livelihoods. In addition, both Kroul people and Khmer people rated their degree of satisfaction to be moderate regarding rights over Collective Land Titling Community (CLT) Community Forestry, capacity building, and supporting mechanisms carried out by key stakeholders including the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD), the Ministry of Interior (MoI), and the Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning and Construction (MLMUPC). Moreover, the degree of satisfaction with activities delivered by NGOs was rated as moderate. In relation to climate change and social change, both Khmer people and Kroul people viewed climate change to have a very significant effect on livelihoods due to unexpected droughts, and increases in temperature. The effect of decline in forest products, and water level were also assessed to have a high impact. At the same time, effects of social changes on livelihoods were rated to have a high impact as well, in terms of high prices for food consumption, declines in household incomes, food insecurity, impacts of global crises, and limited access to education for children.

시행령 개정을 통한 행정안전부 경찰국 설치의 법적 문제점과 개선방안

제2공화국 제4, 5대 국회의 경찰법안, 1987년 제9차 헌법 개정 이후의 야3당의 경찰 법안들 뿐만이아니라1991년 정부 제안 경찰법안도 경찰의정치적중립을 보장하기위 한 제도로서의 경찰위원회 제도의 위상을 인정하고 있다. 제2공화국 및 9차 개정 헌법 직후 제기된 경찰법안들은 하나같이 내무부(현 행정안전부)를 경찰의 정치적 중립을 저해하는 당사자로 전제하고 경찰위원회를 내무부 소속인 아닌 무임소장관이 경찰위원 장을 맡는 합의제 행정기구로 상정하였다. 그런데, 1991년 노태우 정부가 제안한 경찰 법안은 경찰위원회를 내무부 소속으로 하도록 하고, 치안사무에 대한 국무회의 대표권 한을 무임소장관이 아닌 내무부장관에게 부여함으로써 제2공화국, 제9차 개정 헌법 이 후 제시된 경찰법안들에서 보여지는 경찰의 정치적 중립을 담보하는 기구로서의 경찰위원회의 내무부로부터의 독립적 위상을 상당히 퇴색시키고 치안사무에 관한 민주적 책임의 문제를 애매한 상태로 남겨두었다. 하지만, 1991년 노태우 정부제안 경찰법안도 내무부(현 행정안전부)가 경찰위원회의 심의·의결을 통해 경찰청의 치안사무에 관여할 수 있도록 함으로써 내무부의 경찰청 치안사무에 대한 직접적인 관여를 제한하는 취지 를 담지 않을 수 없었고, 제13대 국회 본회의 심사에서 정부 제안 경찰법에 “내무부장 관은 경찰위원회 위원제청시 경찰의 정치적 중립이 보장되도록 한다”는 규정을 추가함 으로써 경찰위원회가 경찰의 정치적 중립을 위한 기구라는 점을 최소한이나마 1991년 제정된 경찰법에 담아낼 수 있었다. 「행정안전부와 그 소속기관 직제」(대통령령)라는 시행령 형식의 법규명령 개정을 통한 행정안전부 경찰국 설치는 직무범위나 절차적 측면을 떠나 대통령령이라는 법형 식만을 놓고 보면 신설 경찰국이 경찰법, 정부조직법상 인정될 수 있는 행전안전부의 경찰관련 사무를 담당하는 한도 내에서는 일응 큰 문제가 없다고 보여질 수도 있다. 그 러나, 국회가 제정한 상위 법령의 취지에 위반되는 내용을 담고 있는 하위 법규명령이 라면 위법한 것으로서 정당화될 수 없다. 먼저, 도입된 행정안전부 경찰국이 가지게 되 는직무범위는애초1991년경찰법 제정 당시에행정안전부에부여된 경찰에대한관여 범위를 훨씬 넘어서는 것으로서 위법하다. 치안이 행정안전부의 소관사무라는 이상민 행정안전부 장관의 주장은 이연택 총무처장관이 1991년 경찰법 제정의 사전준비작업이 라 할 수 있는 1990년 정부조직법 개정시 국회에 출석하여 설명한 내용과는 모순된다. 당시 이연택 총무처장관은 1990년 정부조직법 개정 이후 1991년 제정될 경찰법으로 경 찰위원회를 설치하여 경찰청을 관리하도록 하는 한편, 내무부의 경찰개입을 견제하여 경찰행정에 대한 정치적 중립성을 달성하겠고 하였는바, 이는 치안이 행정안전부의 소 관사무라는 이상민 행정안전부장관의 주장과는 배치되는 것이다. 심지어 이상민 장관 본인도 2022년 10월말 이태원 할로윈 참사 이후에는행정안전부 경찰국은치안과관련 이 없다고 발언하기도 하였다. 2022.8.2.「행정안전부와 그 소속 기관 직제」(대통령령) 제13조의2 제2항 제1호에 따른 ‘「정부조직법」제7조제4항에 따른 행정안전부장관의 경찰청장에 대한 지휘ㆍ감독에 관한 사항’ 은 행정안전부장관이 행정안전부 경찰국을 통하여 경찰청의 중요정책수립에 대하여 직접 경찰청장을 지휘·감독하겠다는 취지가 담긴 법규정으로, 이는 경찰법에 따른 행정안전부장관의 경찰사무 관여에 있어서의 경 찰위원회의견제적역할을패싱하는 것으로 경찰법의 중요 내용을 위반한 위법이다. 게 다가 소속청의 사무를 상위 부처의 소관사무로 명백하게 포섭할 수 있는 일반적인 부 처-소속청 경우에 적용할 수 있도록 한 ‘소속청에 대하여는 중요정책수립에 관하여 그 청의 장을 직접 지휘할 수 있다’는 정부조직법 제7조 제4항의 규정을 경찰법의 하위 법 령인 위 대통령령 제13조의2 제2항 제1호에 끌어옴으로써 일반적인 부처-소속청 관계 와 달리 행정안전부의 소관사무로 보기 어려운 경찰청의 중요정책수립에 관하여 행정 안전부장관이 경찰청장을 직접 지휘·감독하게 하고 있는데, 이는 소관사무, 지휘·감독등의 문제와 관련하여 정부조직법에 대한 특별법으로 제정된 경찰법의 취지를 정면으 로 위반한 위법한 규정이라고 할 것이다. 시행령 형식의 법규명령인「행정안전부와 그 소속 기관 직제」(대통령령) 제13조의2 제2항 제1호에 근거한 「행정안전부장관의 소 속청장 지휘에 관한 규칙」제2조 제1항 제1호는 경찰관련 법령 제ㆍ개정이 필요한 경 찰분야 기본계획 수립과 변경에 대해서까지 행정안전부 장관의 승인을 받도록 변경하 고 있는바, 이는정부조직법상독립외청으로인정되는 경찰청의 법적 지위에 반하는 것 이며, 경찰법에 따른 경찰위원회의 심의·의결 절차를 무력화시킬 수 있다는 점에서 경 찰법을 무시하는 것으로 결국 해당 행전안전부령의 규정은 상위법인 정부조직법 및 경 찰법의 취지에 위반하는 위법하다. 이 사항은 경찰청장이 행정안전부장관으로부터 승 인을 받도록 할 것이 아니라 경찰청장과 행정안전부장관 상호간의 협의사항 정도로 하 고 이 협의에 따라 경찰위원회에 상정하도록 하는 것이 정부조직법과 경찰법의 취지에 부합하는 것이 될 것이다. 결론적으로신설된행정안전부 경찰국을통한 행정안전부 장 관의 경찰청장에 대한 지휘·감독 규정(「행정안전부와 그 소속 기관 직제」제13조의2 제2항 제1호)과 경찰관련 법령 제ㆍ개정이 필요한 경찰분야 기본계획 수립과 변경에 대해서까지 행정안전부 장관의 승인을받도록 하는 「행정안전부장관의 소속청장 지휘 에 관한 규칙」제2조 제1항 제1호는 상위법인 정부조직법 및 경찰법을 위반하는 것으 로 삭제되어야 한다. 상위법의 위임내용을 무시하는 시행령 등 법규명령의 통제를 위해 위법한 행정입법 에 대한 국회의 동의절차를 도입하거나 현행의 법원에 의한 부수적 규범통제를 넘어서 는 본원적 규범통제(prinzipale Normenkontrolle)의 도입을 입법적으로고려해볼 수 있 을 것이다. 그리고, 비록 최근 국가경찰위원회의 행정안전부 장관상대 권한쟁의심판을 헌법재판소가 각하하였지만 이는 소송요건에 관한 판단으로 국가경찰위원회가 헌법에 근거를 둔 국가기관이 아니라 법률에 근거를 둔 국가기관이라 청구인능력이 없다고 한 것에 불과하다. 법률상의 기관인 국가경찰위원회가 경찰청의 정치적 중립과 민주적 책 임을 담보하는 기관으로 명실상부하게 설 수 있도록 기존 제2공화국, 제9차 개정 헌법 이후 경찰법안의 경찰위원회의 위상을 향후 경찰법 개정시 적극적으로 반영할 필요가 있다. 그렇게 하는 경우행정안전부에서 현재와 같은과도기적 입법상태를이용하여 시 행령 개정으로 국가경찰위원회 제도의 위상을 위법하게 무시하는 일이 방지될 수 있을 것이다.

Performance Management Practices and Productivity of Employees in the Ministry of Interior and Coordination of National Government, Kenya

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the influence of performance management practices on productivity of employees in the Ministry of Interior and Coordination of National Government, Kenya.&#x0D; Methodology: This study used descriptive research design to collect both qualitative and quantitative data. The target population of this study was 350 officers drawn from various departments. The study used simple random sampling techniques to select from the list of departments, directorates and divisions to be included in the study. This study adopted Yamane (1967) sampling formula to calculate the sample size which provided the number of responses that should to be obtained. Therefore, the sample size for this study was 187 employees. The respondents for this study constituted heads of departments in the Ministry.&#x0D; Findings: The study found that performance management practices significantly affect employee productivity in the Ministry of Interior and Coordination of National Government in Kenya.&#x0D; Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practices: Based on the study findings, it was recommended that companies should encompass their training in all their activities in order to have competitive advantage. In addition, supervisors should oversee whether the work has been done appropriately in terms of procedures as it increases employee productivity. Furthermore, it was recommended that managers should attempt to minimize stress in organizations. The goals set by companies must be able to be broken into manageable simple actions achievable in the short term with the main focus on measurable, tangible results for each quarter.

Embracing or avoiding diversity? Yet another hostile policy against ‘non-Westerners’ in Denmark

This short commentary is intended to open a further discussion on diversity in Denmark, particularly in response to the announcement made by the Minister of Interior and Housing, Kaare Dybvad Bek, in 2021 regarding Denmark’s plan to restrict the number of ‘non-Western/non-White’ residents in any neighbourhoods to avoid ‘parallel societies’. This news was not surprising yet still disturbing, especially considering the recent taxi law requiring taxi drivers to speak Danish, along with migration, ethnicity and education research communities being accused of ‘pseudo-scientific’ research. In order to move toward a forward-thinking, socially inclusive, multicultural, sustainable and just society, I comment not only on the recent (re)surge of racism and ‘resistance to diversity’ but also on higher education’s stand and social scientists’ role in addressing these issues in Denmark, wider Europe and beyond.

تحديات المصالحة الوطنية في ليبيا بعد عام 2011-2021

Abstract The protests were in Libya in 2011 and began in certain areas and then spread to include all segments of the people on February 17, 2011, The revolution was carried out by the youth who revolted against the regime of dictator Muammar Gaddafi, and with the support of all Libyan society, which was based on belonging to the tribe before belonging to the state and preferred Customs and traditions to civil laws, in particular. After the control of the rebels and the defection of Interior Minister Abdel Fattah Younis from Muammar Gaddafi and his regime, and since the establishment of the National Transitional Council as the sole legitimate representative of the revolution of February 17, 2011, the process of democratic transition began in a new stage that the Libyan people had not witnessed before, and the National Transitional Council was established under the leadership of Mustafa Abdel Jalil In which representatives of the various local councils in the different regions of Libya participate, and differences emerged between the internationally recognized government resulting from the democratically elected House of Representatives, and armed groups outside the government’s authority, which negatively affected national reconciliation in Libya. For the success of the national reconciliation process in Libya, real actors should be present at the negotiating table, militia leaders, tribal leaders, political leaders and army representatives in the former regime, as well as disarmament and the integration of fighters into society, and state institutions should be supported by supporting transitional justice institutions, applying the principles of fairness to victims, and not employing eradication (Isolation Law political) towards revenge, and dismantling social and historical grievances.

Precarious Living in Jerusalem: Return, Fear, and Sumud

This essay addresses the Israeli designation of “permanent residency,” more commonly known as Jerusalem residency to which Palestinians in occupied East Jerusalem are confined. Since 1967, the Israeli Ministry of Interior has revoked or refused to renew the residencies of nearly 15,000 Palestinians. Masquerading as a democracy, Israel hides behind the center of life doctrine—a set of policies and laws that require people to prove their lives center around Jerusalem, or areas occupied in 1948. Property deeds, rental contracts, employment papers, and utility bills are the documents Palestinians must produce to show evidence of belonging to Jerusalem. This bureaucratic wall of Israeli settler colonialism dispossesses Palestinians and employs fear to ethnically cleanse people who trace generations of ancestry to the city. The author shares her struggles in affirming her claims to Jerusalem and practicing sumud.