Interface Research Articles

Three questions: How can taxonomists survive and thrive worldwide?

The science of taxonomy faces many challenges at present. Many questions remain as to how we can best continue the vital practice of describing and understanding biodiversity. Here, we discuss how best to modernize taxonomy, how we might improve taxonomy in developing countries, and how taxonomists can better interface with other fields to better science as a whole.

Characterization of InAs/GaSb superlattices grown by MOCVD with atomic resolution

High-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) imaging and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in a Cs-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope were utilized to analyze the interfacial atomic structure of InAs/GaSb superlattices (SLs) grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on InAs substrates. Despite high growth temperature, narrow interface (IF) widths of less than 2.5 monolayers (MLs) and 3.8 MLs were extracted from HAADF and EELS, respectively, indicating that the IF quality of MOCVD-grown InAs/GaSb SLs is comparable to those grown by molecular beam epitaxy. GaAs-type IFs are considered to account for the narrow IF width. In addition, GaSb-on-InAs IFs were found to be sharper and more strained than InAs-on-GaSb IFs, which is correlated with the special gas supply and switching sequence during MOCVD growth. The strain profile deduced from the HAADF image suggests that little Sb is incorporated into InAs sublayers and 7% In is incorporated into GaSb sublayers.

An experimental study on shear mechanical properties of clay-concrete interface with different roughness of contact surface

In order to understand the shear mechanical properties of the interface between clay and structure and better serve the practical engineering projects, it is critical to conduct shear tests on the clay-structure interface. In this work, the direct shear test of clay-concrete slab with different joint roughness coefficient (JRC) of the interface and different normal stress is performed in the laboratory. Our experimental results show that (1) shear strength of the interface between clay and structure is greatly affected by the change of normal stress under the same condition of JRC and shear stress of the interface gradually increases with increasing normal stress; (2) there is a critical value JRCcr in the roughness coefficient of the interface; (3) the relationship between shear strength and normal stress can be described by the Mohr Coulomb failure criterion, and the cohesion and friction angle of the interface under different roughness conditions can be calculated accordingly. We find that there also exists a critical value JRCcr for cohesion and the cohesion of the interface increases first and then decreases as JRC increases. Moreover, the friction angle of the interface fluctuates with the change of JRC and it is always smaller than the internal friction angle of clay used in this experiment; (4) the failure type of the interface of the clay-concrete slab is type I sliding failure and does not change with varying JRC when the normal stress is small enough. When the normal stress increases to a certain extent, the failure type of the interface will gradually change from shear failure to type II sliding failure with the increment of JRC.

Acute Myocarditis Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019: Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis of Reported Cases

Context: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) clinical manifestations are mainly respiratory, although cardiac complications are being reported. However, specific information about the clinical characteristics and in-hospital outcomes of patients with myocarditis associated with COVID-2019 is limited. Aim: The aim is to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with acute myocarditis associated with COVID-19. Methods: The study consisted of a systematic review of all available case reports. Systematic searches were conducted using MEDLINE (PubMed interface) LILACS and Scielo to identify studies from December 2019 to 11 July 2020 involving adult patients with acute myocarditis associated with COVID-19. Results: Twenty patients were included. The median age was 49 years (interquartile range [IQR] 32.25–69), and 60% were male. Ten patients presented ST-segment elevation on the ECG. All patients had elevated serum levels of troponin T or I, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (median 3436 ng/L, IQR 1315-12054) and C-reactive protein (median 33 mg/L, IQR 18–94). Interleukin-6 was measured in three patients, presenting elevated values as well. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was severely impaired in 60% of the patients. Half of the patients received corticosteroids, 43.7% antivirals and 31.3% hydroxychloroquine. Moreover, 15.8% of patients underwent mechanical circulatory support. Most patients (90.9%) recovered heart function with LVEF above 40%. In-hospital mortality rate was 15.8%, the main cause of death being bacterial septic shock (75%). Conclusion: Several cases of coronavirus-related myocarditis have been reported. The clinical presentation was heterogeneous. The vast majority of patients were treated with steroids and antivirals. Most patients recovered cardiac function; however, mortality was relatively high.

等时界面处砂体地震响应特征分析

等时界面处砂体地震响应特征分析

Interface and Adhesion of Composite

Interface and Adhesion of Composite

Solution for a circular tunnel in strain-softening rock with seepage forces

In this study, a simple numerical approach for a circular tunnel opening in strain-softening surrounding rock is proposed considering out-of-plane stress and seepage force based on Biot\'s effective stress principle. The plastic region of strain-softening surrounding rock was divided into a finite number of concentric rings, of which the thickness was determined by the internal equilibrium equation. The increments of stress and strain for each ring, starting from the elastic-plastic interface, were obtained by successively incorporating the effect of out-of-plane stress and Biot\'s effective stress principle. The initial value of the outmost ring was determined using equilibrium and compatibility equations. Based on the Mohr–Coulomb (M–C) and generalized Hoek–Brown (H–B) failure criteria, the stress-increment approach for solving stress, displacement, and plastic radius was improved by considering the effects of Biot\'s effective stress principle and the nonlinear degradation of strength and deformation parameters in plastic zone incorporating out-of-plane stress. The correctness of the proposed approach is validated by numerical simulation.

Interface virtually operate objects in shelves based on Operable Reality

Interface virtually operate objects in shelves based on Operable Reality

Interface and Adhesion of Composite

Interface and Adhesion of Composite

FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA: CONSTITUIÇÃO E CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA A IDENTIDADE DOCENTE

A formacao continuada, como um dos aspectos que tem como papel contribuir para o desenvolvimento profissional do docente, torna-se elemento de investigacao quando se tem como proposito estudar a identidade profissional dos professores. Desse modo, este artigo trata de um recorte da pesquisa intitulada Interface entre processos de formacao continuada e identidade profissional docente que objetivou verificar se a formacao continuada, alem de possibilitar o aperfeicoamento inerente a atividade pedagogica, tambem viabiliza o aporte para o aprimoramento e reconfiguracao da identidade docente. A fim de empreender o estudo, adotaram-se como referencial teorico-metodologico Dubar, Imbernon, Andre e Ludke e Creswell. Refere-se a uma pesquisa de campo na perspectiva qualitativa e os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas, com a participacao de dez (10) professores do ensino fundamental da rede municipal da cidade de Sao Paulo. Os resultados sugerem que alguns processos formativos contribuem para a reconfiguracao identitaria docente, por meio de elementos especificos, viabilizados nessas formacoes. Dessa forma, foi possivel desvelar que, na estruturacao dessas formacoes, estavam presentes: a coparticipacao do docente por meio da interacao e integracao no momento da formacao; a mobilizacao cognitiva por intermedio de acoes durante o processo e sobre o tema em estudo e a associacao teoria e pratica viabilizada pela contextualizacao do tema na pratica.

O<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> interactions with foliage: processes and compounds at the needle-air interface

O<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> interactions with foliage: processes and compounds at the needle-air interface

Interface and Adhesion of Composite

Interface and Adhesion of Composite

Interface and Adhesion of Composite

Interface and Adhesion of Composite

Citizenship: Contrasting Dynamics at the Interface of Integration and Constitutionalism

Citizenship: Contrasting Dynamics at the Interface of Integration and Constitutionalism

Interface and Adhesion of Composite

Interface and Adhesion of Composite

Understanding the interface between society and cognition

Understanding the interface between society and cognition

Site Unscene: Medial Ideology and the Literary Interface

Site Unscene: Medial Ideology and the Literary Interface

Parametrización del controlador de flujo para disminuir el consumo de desinfectante en el lavado de garrafones.

El proceso de lavado de garrafones de 20 litros basado en un sistema con diseños de control, permite mejorar el consumo del desinfectante determinando una cantidad estimada para cada garrafón en un tiempo promedio, esto se da mediante la ejecución realizada en una estructura diseñada para dos botellones, en donde descansan sobre dos soportes previamente construidos por sistema de impresión 3D que es lo ideal para este proceso ya que no existen en el mercado, la ubicación del garrafón será 90° en dirección hacia abajo sujeto por fricción que evita que salga expulsado por la fuerza del flujo, el proceso es manipulado mediante botones físicos de acción o botones digitales diseñados en una interfaz gráfica (HMI), obtener el flujo necesario para el proceso de lavado requiere de una identificación, es decir el modelo analítico, que será realizado en la etapa del bombeo del desinfectante, consiguiendo como resultado una ecuación denominada función de transferencia, esto implica una lectura de datos que obtendremos con un sensor de flujo, la misma que nos permitirá extraer una base de datos para el proceso de identificación obtenida mediante programación en el software TIA Portal, este registro de información del flujo será procesado en la plataforma de Matlab que es la que nos permitirá determinar dicha función, al obtener esta ecuación podemos diseñar el controlador en la misma planta con la cual podremos programar el controlador en TIA Portal con los valores obtenidos.

Smart grids: opportunities for climate change mitigation and adaptation

This article assesses the contribution which the Smart Grid can make to climate change mitigation and adaptation. The Smart Grid amalgamates information and communications technology (‘ICT’) and electrical capabilities to improve flexibility, security, reliability, efficiency, and the safety of the electricity system. Demand side management (‘DSM’) is increased as consumers gain better control over their electricity use and respond to prices. At the same time, a smart grid includes diverse and distributed energy resources, including energy storage, and accommodates electric vehicle charging. Although much of the literature to date assesses the interface between the Smart Grid and climate change mitigation, there is barely any mention of the adaptation benefits emanating from Smart Grid technology. If the Smart Grid improves efficiency and DSM and encourages distributed energy sources its mitigation benefits are clear. Yet the fragility of electricity networks to climate change impacts suggests that the Smart Grid might also assist utilities to respond to blackouts, and other climate change induced crises, more effectively than is currently possible. The article also assesses the regulatory consequences which are attendant upon the adoption of a Smart Grid in Australia.

Does evolution really like Interface species against veridical ones?

Does evolution really like Interface species against veridical ones?