Interface Research Articles

AmgXWrapper: An interface between PETSc and the NVIDIA AmgX library

AmgXWrapper: An interface between PETSc and the NVIDIA AmgX library

Book Review: Kris Paulsen, Here/There: Telepresence, Touch, and Art at the Interface

Book Review: Kris Paulsen, Here/There: Telepresence, Touch, and Art at the Interface

Functionality and Expression in Computer Programs: Refining the Tests for Software Copyright Infringement

Functionality and Expression in Computer Programs: Refining the Tests for Software Copyright Infringement

Media Art with Sensible Interface

Media Art with Sensible Interface

Research and teaching tools: a SHELX/POV-Ray interface (X-Seed) and simulation of a diffractometer (SMART1k)

Research and teaching tools: a SHELX/POV-Ray interface (X-Seed) and simulation of a diffractometer (SMART1k)

The Length Effects of Downward Inclined Interface about Bimaterials

The Length Effects of Downward Inclined Interface about Bimaterials

Thermodynamic partitioning forces at the membrane protein interface

Transmembrane proteins fold by the orchestrated interplay of membrane chaperones, holdases and the lipid membrane. Upon folding, membrane protein systems attain a thermodynamically stabilized framework through optimized energetics involving protein – membrane – solvent interactions. In particular, the water‐bilayer interface demands selectively positioned amino acids to arbitrate interactions between the hydrophobic interior and polar phospholipid headgroups. A fundamental question that arises is the extent to which the amino acid side chain contributes to membrane protein folding and in maintaining protein‐lipid interactions at the intricate interface environment of membrane proteins. Our goal is to experimentally deduce the partitioning cost of amino acids at the interface, and the associated physical principles governing the overall scaffold stability.Interface residues are important contributors for membrane protein folding, and additionally serve as post‐folding membrane anchors. In this study, we have quantified the free energy change associated with the chemical nature of the residue at the membrane interface. We achieve this by studying the unassisted folding equilibrium of the 8‐stranded transmembrane β‐barrel enzyme PagP in phosphocholine lipidic micelles and lipid vesicles. We present the first experimentally measured whole‐protein free energy scale for side chain partitioning at the membrane interface, for all naturally abundant amino acids. We obtain differential contributions of the protein‐ and lipid‐facing interface residues to the barrel folding pathway and stability of the folded scaffold. The most favorable transfer at the amphiphilic lipid‐facing interface is for hydrophobic amino acids, whereas we observe the highest energetic cost of transfer for charged and polar groups. On the contrary, we find that small and polar residues are most favorably transferred to the protein‐facing interface, whereas hydrophobic and aromatic residues promote alternate folding pathways in PagP.Our studies establish that the side chain non‐polar accessible surface area shows a direct correlation with the partitioning free energy change at the lipid‐facing interface residue. We also find that the non‐polar accessible surface correlates inversely with the thermodynamic partitioning free energy change when the interface residue is protein‐facing. We demonstrate how PagP maintains a balance between concerted folding and hydrophobic collapse by evolutionary choice of small polar residues at the protein‐facing interface. We also identify the importance of interface polar residues to the folding pathway of β‐barrel membrane proteins.Support or Funding InformationR.M. is a recipient of the Wellcome Trust/DBT India Alliance Intermediate Fellowship. This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust/DBT India Alliance award number IA/I/14/1/501305 to R.M.

LSMO/YBCO Heterostructures and Investigation of "Negative" Resistance Effect in the Interface

LSMO/YBCO Heterostructures and Investigation of "Negative" Resistance Effect in the Interface

Mixing at a sediment concentration interface in turbulent open channel flow

Fil: Salinas, Jorge Sebastian. University of Florida; Estados Unidos. Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica. Gerencia del Area de Energia Nuclear. Instituto Balseiro; Argentina. Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica. Centro Atomico Bariloche; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas; Argentina

Misfit of implant prostheses and its impact on clinical outcomes. Definition, assessment and a systematic review of the literature.

Compromised fit between the contact surfaces of screw-retained implant-supported fixed dentures (IFDs) is thought to create uncontrolled strains in the prosthetic components and peri-implant tissues, thus evoking biological and technical complications such as bone loss, screw loosening, component fractures and, at worst, loss of implants or prostheses. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the impact of marginal misfit on the clinical outcomes of IFDs, and to elucidate definition and assessment methods for passive fit. A systematic review of the literature was conducted with a PICO question: "For partially or complete edentulous subjects with screw-retained IFDs, does the marginal misfit at the implant-prosthesis interfaces have an impact on the clinical outcomes?". A literature search was performed electronically in PubMed (MEDLINE) with the help of Boolean operators to combine key words, and by hand search in relevant journals. English written in vivo studies published before August 31, 2016 that reported on both clinical outcome and related implant prosthesis misfit (gap, strains, torque) were selected using predetermined inclusion criteria. The initial search yielded 2626 records. After screening and a subsequent filtering process, five human and five animal studies were included in the descriptive analysis. The selected studies used different methods to assess misfit (linear distortion, vertical gap, strains, screw torque). While two human studies evaluated the biological response and technical complications prospectively over 6 and 12 months, the animal studies had an observation period < 12 weeks. Four human studies analysed retrospectively the 3 to 32 years' outcomes. Screw-related complications were observed, but biological sequelae could not be confirmed. Although the animal studies had different designs, bone adaptation and implant displacement was found in histological analyses. Due to the small number of studies and the heterogenic designs and misfit assessment methods, no meta-analysis of the data could be performed. The current literature provides insufficient evidence as to the effect of misfit at the prosthesis-implant interface on clinical outcomes of screw-retained implant-supported fixed dentures. Marginal gaps and static strains due to screw tightening were not found to have negative effects on initial osseointegration or peri-implant bone stability over time. Based on two clinical studies, the risk for technical screw-related complications was slightly higher. While the degree of tolerable misfit remains a matter of debate, the present data do not imply that clinicians neglect good fit, but aim to achieve the least misfit possible. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest. The review was conducted as part of the 2016 Foundation of Oral Rehabilitation Consensus Conference on "Prosthetic Protocols in Implant-based Oral Rehabilitation".

‘Cacmhor an Comann na Goill’

This poem has not been edited before, but is of interest at several levels. I offer it to John MacInnes as one who has had a longstanding interest in the Highland-Lowland cultural interface, and more particularly as one who has written perceptively about the way Gaels perceive their Lowland neighbours, a perspective that can be obscured by the plethora of writings on the way the Lowlanders perceive the Gaels.

DJ1 at the interface between neuro-degeneration and cancer

DJ1 at the interface between neuro-degeneration and cancer

Band structure of the EuO/Si interface: justification for silicon spintronics

The band offset of 1.0 eV at the EuO/Si interface attests the technological potential of the system for silicon spintronics.

OA05.02 Anti-Tumor Immunity is a Key Determinant of SCLC Survivorship

While the majority of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients succumb to their disease within a few months, there is a small group of patients who survive for many years after their diagnosis. Factors contributing to the SCLC long-term survivorship remain largely unknown. Herein, we compared tumors from exceptional survivors (EXS) and patients with the expected outcome (EOP) to determine genomic and immunological determinant of SCLC survivorship. In the Mayo Clinic tissue registry, we identified surgical blocks from 12 EXS who survived > 4 years after surgery and 14 EOP who died < 2 years of surgery. These cohorts were created to have no statistical differences in clinical TNM stage, curative versus non-curative intent surgery, age, gender, and smoking status between EXS and EOP. Tumor areas were macro-dissected for gene expression profiling by the Human Transcriptome Array (Affymetrix). Also, tissue sections were stained for key immunological markers, including CD8, CD4, CD3, CD279, FoxP3, CD138, CD20, CD21, CD14, CD68, and also LYZ. Concentrations of immune cells in intra-tumor areas (IE), stroma (ST), and tumor/non-tumor interface (IF) were assessed by an image processing program (Aperio). Staining patterns in each of the three zones in EXS and EOP tumors were compared. More than 90% of differentially expressed genes were over-expressed in EXS compared with EOP. Furthermore, over 75% of the known over-expressed genes were either immunoglobulin or MHC related and a majority of the remaining genes were immune function related such as cytokines. We then performed IHC for key immunological markers and found significantly higher concentration of immune cells including CD8 and PD-1 positive cells in the tumor microenvironment, especially at the tumor stromal interface in EXS compared with EOP (p < 0.005 for both markers). Furthermore, the total number of infiltrating immune cells (T-cells, B-cells, Plasma cells, monocytes and macrophages was significantly higher in EXS in the interface region (p < 0.0005). Gene expression profiling revealed that anti-tumor immunity is an important factor for SCLC survival. Further studies by IHC suggested the presence of immune cells especially cytotoxic T-cells in the tumor microenvironment and particularly at the tumor-stromal interface to be major contributors to long term survivorship in SCLC. These findings suggest that immunotherapeutic strategies may be effective for patients with SCLC.

散逸粒子動力学におけるシリカ－脂質膜界面付近の水の取扱い

散逸粒子動力学(DPD: Dissipative Particle Dynamics)法を用いたシミュレーションは生体膜などの幅広い分野で用いられている．従来，このようなDPD シミュレーションでは，バルクの水と界面付近の水を同じように扱う場合がほとんどであった．しかし，こうしたやり方では系の性質を必ずしも忠実に再現しているとはいえない．界面付近の水分子の性質とバルクの水分子の性質がかなり異なったものであるという実験的，あるいは理論的な研究がなされているからである．そこで，我々はこの問題を解決すべく，バルク水と界面水を区別して取り扱うアプローチを提案する．このアプローチを，脂質膜－シリカ－水の系のDPDシミュレーションに対して適用したところ，シリカに脂質膜が吸着する現象をうまくモデル化することができた．

Bio Focus: Brain-spine interface helps partially paralyzed monkeys walk again

Bio Focus: Brain-spine interface helps partially paralyzed monkeys walk again

Implementation and verification of PCI express interface in a SoC

Implementation and verification of PCI express interface in a SoC

The development direction and Analysis on Graphic authoring tool according to Design work frame -Focused on Interface design-

The development direction and Analysis on Graphic authoring tool according to Design work frame -Focused on Interface design-

Analytical solutions for sandwich plates considering permeation effect by 3-D elasticity theory

In this paper, an exact analytical solution for simply supported sandwich plate which considers the permeation effect of adhesives is presented. The permeation layer is described as functionally graded material (FGM), the elastic modulus of which is assumed to be graded along the thickness following the exponential law. Based on the exact three-dimensional (3-D) elasticity theory, the solution of stresses and displacements for each layer is derived. By means of the recursive matrix method, the solution can be efficiently obtained for plates with many layers. The present solution obtained can be used as a benchmark to access other simplified solutions. The comparison study indicates that the finite element (FE) solution is close to the present one when the FGM layer in the FE model is divided into a series of homogeneous layers. However, the present method is more efficient than the FE method, with which the mesh division and computation are time-consuming. Moreover, the solution based on Kirchhoff-Love plate theory is greatly different from the present solution for thick plates. The influence of the thickness of the permeation layer on the stress and displacement fields of the sandwich plate is discussed in detail. It is indicated that the permeation layer can effectively relieve the discontinuity stress at the interface.

The interface of loneliness, hospitalization and illness

The interface of loneliness, hospitalization and illness