Interactive Whiteboard Research Articles

Online Human-Centered Design Methods are Acceptable, Appropriate, and Feasible for Generating Adolescent Relationship Abuse Intervention Ideas With Sexual and Gender Diverse Youth

PurposeSexual and gender diverse youth (SGDY) are at greater risk for adolescent relationship abuse (ARA) than cisgender heterosexual youth, but there are not enough evidence-based interventions for reducing ARA among SGDY. We piloted online human-centered design (HCD) methodology to engage SGDY in generating ARA intervention ideas. This study evaluated the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of the online methods and identified SGDY-derived intervention ideas for reducing ARA. MethodsFrom August 2020 through March 2021, we conducted a longitudinal online HCD study with 46 SGDY (aged 14–18 years) recruited via social media from across the United States. SGDY completed HCD activities using MURAL (collaborative digital whiteboard) in four group-based sessions (1.5 hours each) and a follow-up survey with validated measures of acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility (a priori success benchmarks: means > 3.75 on each five-point scale). ResultsSGDY in the sample were 41% racial/ethnic minorities. SGDY rated the online HCD methods as highly acceptable, appropriate, and feasible (means ≥ 4.29). SGDY co-created a breadth of ARA intervention concepts across all social-ecological levels, including commonplace ideas (e.g., curriculum for schools) and novel ideas, such as social media–based interventions to foster healthy relationships, incentivization interventions for performing social justice work, and school plays with SGDY storylines. DiscussionOnline HCD methods are acceptable, appropriate, and feasible for designing ARA intervention ideas. The intervention ideas generated in this study can help catalyze ARA intervention research for SGDY. Our method can be transported to other populations and health topics to help advance adolescent health and equity.

The Effectiveness of Using SmartBoard Interactive Toward Learning Innovation in Schools

SmartBoard Interactive is a tool that combines touch and projection technology, allowing teachers and students to interact directly with learning content through touch screens. SmartBoard Interactive is an implementation of Smartclass. Smartclass is the application of the Internet of Things (IoT) in education. The IoT is a network of physical objects connected to the Internet. This research aims to examine the effectiveness of using SmartBoard Interactive in improving learning innovation in schools. The research method is a survey that uses questionnaires. The respondents in this study were teachers and students at elementary, junior high, and high school levels who used SmartBoard Interactive in the daily learning process. The application of SmartBoard Interactive in Learning includes the use of an interactive whiteboard, multimedia, animation, video, and gamification. The results show that the use of SmartBoard Interactive has a positive impact on learning innovation. Teachers stated that it increased student engagement, improved learning motivation, and facilitated better concept understanding. A total of 96.9% of the students showed a positive response to the use of this technology, felt more motivated, and showed a significant improvement in learning outcomes. This research will encourage the wider application of this technology in educational contexts, with the aim of achieving more effective learning outcomes and enhancing students' learning experiences.

Exploring the Convergence of Visual Computing Across Machine Learning, Entertainment, Design, Medicine, Education and Beyond

Visual computing is an interdisciplinary field combining computer science, mathematics, physics, and cognitive sciences to develop, analyze, and produce visual information. It aims to enhance activity organization and interaction through visual elements, including images, videos, flowcharts, and icons. This field addresses tangible components, like touchscreens and interactive whiteboards, and intangible components, such as data patterns and algorithms, visually represented for better comprehension and decision-making. Key aspects of visual computing include the visual computer environment, which facilitates interaction through images and text, and visual applications that manage extensive image data, including videos and 3D scenes. Beyond its association with videos and 3D design, visual computing influences computer graphics and data visualization. Modern software's ability to generate detailed images and process visual data has driven advancements in computer vision and scientific analysis, linking visual computing with disciplines like machine learning, human-computer interaction, and data science.

An Investigation into Teachers’ Concerns and Expectations of using Interactive Whiteboards to Teach English

An Investigation into Teachers’ Concerns and Expectations of using Interactive Whiteboards to Teach English

The views of preschool teachers on the contribution of ICT in Environmental Education

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are forms of technology that enhance young children's learning and experiences. When teachers successfully integrate them as targeted tools using computers, tablets, videos, interactive whiteboards, digital games, etc., the quality of teaching and learning can be improved by providing students with an engaging and successful experience. At the same time, environmental conditions worldwide continue to deteriorate at an alarming rate due to a complex web of socio-ecological challenges such as climate change, air pollution, loss of biodiversity, etc. In order to drive transformative changes in human behaviour, it is essential to educate and inform individuals from an early age, starting with kindergarten students. Incorporating new technologies into environmental education and other subjects can spark students' interest and facilitate more effective information dissemination and learning. This study investigated the views of 105 preschool teachers on the contribution of ICT to Environmental Education. The research tool used was a questionnaire distributed to teachers via Google Forms. The research questions pertain to teachers' knowledge and opinions about ICT and EE, as well as the frequency of ICT use and media during teaching interventions. Furthermore, the factors that influence the smooth integration of ICTs into EE teaching and the results that this integration brings were investigated. The research showed that the contribution of ICT in EE positively affected the students. Those that stood out were the active participation, the increased interest, the development of teamwork and the mobilisation of the weak students. However, although the teachers pointed out some difficulties in using ICT in their teaching, such as the deficiency of material and technical infrastructure and the lack of time, they also pointed out how significant and influential the contribution of ICT in teaching Environmental Education is.

EMPLOYING THE SMART INTERACTIVE WHITEBOARD TO TEACH GUIDED WRITING VOCABULARY

This study investigates the effects of employing the Smart Interactive Whiteboard in a Malaysian primary-level guided writing class. The study also examines students’ perspectives on different teaching techniques and the factors affecting personal preferences. The study employs a sequential explanatory research design. The participants comprise 42 11-year-old students at the Malaysian Year 5 level. Quantitative data are collected in the form of pre- and post-test scores. Simultaneously, qualitative data are gathered using semi-structured interviews to support the quantitative findings and to provide data triangulation. The findings reveal that the Smart Interactive Whiteboard is preferred by most participants over traditional flashcards. The study also provides valuable comparative insights into vocabulary teaching methods and identifies areas of improvement for guided writing teaching approaches. Therefore, the Smart Interactive Whiteboard can potentially cater to students’ multiple needs and learning requirements, being aligned with the academic and professional needs of the target community. The Smart Interactive Whiteboard is also effective in engaging students in the learning process, making vocabulary learning enjoyable and effective at different proficiency levels.

Revolutionizing EFL Instruction: Jordanian Teachers' Perspectives on Interactive Whiteboards for Word Identification Enhancement

This study investigates Jordanian EFL teachers' perspectives on the impact of Interactive Whiteboard (IWB) technology on word identification enhancement. Drawing on the theory of Multimedia Learning, the research aims to address a gap in the literature regarding EFL educators' perceptions of using IWBs to improve word identification skills. A cross-sectional survey was administered to 124 Jordanian EFL teachers, and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, and one-way ANOVA. The findings reveal positive attitudes among Jordanian EFL teachers towards the efficacy of IWB technology in enhancing word identification. Participants overwhelmingly support the favorable use of IWBs and recognize their potential to enhance word identification skills. Importantly, no significant differences were found across demographic variables, suggesting a consistent recognition of IWB efficacy irrespective of gender, age, academic degree, or years of experience. The results underscore the importance of integrating IWB technology into EFL classrooms and highlight the need for further exploration of pedagogical approaches to maximize its benefits. This study contributes to the literature by providing insights into the perceptions of Jordanian EFL teachers regarding IWB technology and its role in word identification enhancement. It advocates for the continued utilization and exploration of IWB technology to enhance language teaching and learning practices.

Integration of whiteboard use in maritime education and training to enhance environmental awareness of cadets

The paper is devoted to analysing the use of whiteboards in maritime education and training of cadets of the ship engineering department. This research highlights the benefits of incorporating interactive whiteboards into maritime education and provides practical recommendations for educators aiming to enhance environmental awareness among future maritime professionals. Whiteboards provide a promising way to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application. This ensures cadets are equipped with the essential skills and awareness needed to navigate the challenges of a rapidly evolving maritime industry while prioritising environmental sustainability. The findings demonstrate a significant improvement in cadets' understanding of environmental concepts and their ability to apply sustainable practices in real-world maritime scenarios. Cadets expressed higher levels of engagement and motivation when learning through interactive whiteboards, citing the dynamic and immersive nature of the technology as a contributing factor. Moreover, faculty members reported enhanced teaching capabilities and the ability to address individual learning needs effectively. This work highlights the potential of using whiteboards (e.g. Whiteboard.fi, Miro) to enhance environmental awareness. It suggests further research to explore its effectiveness in other educational contexts.

ORGANIZATION OF THE PROCESS OF USING THE INTERACTIVE VIRTUAL BOARD IN THE EDUCATIONAL SPACE OF THE INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION

Our study was conducted in the context of martial law in the country and is aimed at finding ways to overcome the negative factors of distance learning. There is a large number of tools for successful virtual learning, many methods and ways to activate students, create the most comfortable atmosphere, the effect of direct participation and communication between teachers and students, regardless of their geographical location. The article focuses on the specifics of using an interactive virtual whiteboard in modern educational settings. The goal is to create a real, clear, practical project for the implementation of an innovative tool – a virtual whiteboard – that will help improve the efficiency of work and student engagement in active, interactive learning, as well as promote interaction between teachers and students, and increase student motivation to learn. The study was conducted in several stages, namely: 1) clear tasks and goals were identified to maximise the effectiveness of further project development; 2) a map of resources that will be needed at the stage of project implementation (team of specialists, computers/servers, access to databases, trainers/teachers, analysts, time and resources) was analysed and developed; 3) a clear calendar schedule was developed with the calculation of specific time periods for each stage of the project; 4) much attention is paid to the problematic issues that can certainly be encountered on the way to implementing our tasks (financial constraints, insufficient training of participants in the educational process, compliance with changes in the curriculum, access to interactive whiteboards, problems with data security and confidentiality); 5) effecient methods of testing and evaluating the effectiveness of the project "Using an Interactive Virtual Whiteboard in the Educational Space" are proposed. Implementation of the project requires a well-organised process and cooperation among all stakeholders. According to our calculations, the project has a high chance of success in implementation and will help improve the skills of both students and the scientific and pedagogical staff of higher education institutions.

Teachers’ Views on the Integration of Information and Communication Technology in the Teaching of Slovene (First Language) in Primary School

<p style="text-align:justify">Information and Communication Technology (ICT) brings modern learning approaches, forms and methods to education, and with them new opportunities for learning and teaching. The use of ICT in the classroom motivates students, enables them to participate, provides individualisation and differentiation, interactivity, and encourages creativity and critical thinking. Teachers play a very important role in this, as they are the ones who can provide students with a stimulating learning environment, including through the use of ICT. As Slovene (first language) is the subject with the most teaching hours in public primary schools in the Republic of Slovenia, we conducted an empirical study on the views of general and subject teachers of Slovene (N = 190) on the integration of information and communication technology in teaching. Teachers’ opinions were investigated through quantitative research. We found that teachers frequently use ICT in Slovene lessons, namely for repeating and consolidating learning material and for presenting new learning material, and that ICT is used most often in frontal forms of learning. Teachers mostly use LCD projectors, computers, interactive whiteboards, e-workbooks, audio recordings and videos. We also found that teachers are moderately satisfied with the available ICT equipment and e-materials, and that they feel moderately competent when it comes to using ICT in Slovene lessons. Teachers also used ICT during the COVID-19 epidemic. We also found that there are no statistically significant differences in the use of ICT between teachers teaching Slovene according to their teaching level, age and years of service.</p>

Hygienic problems of using modern information and communication technologies and means of providing them in the digital educational environment

Introduction. The active use of modern digital technologies and means of their support in the educational process in Russian schools, in the absence of effective medical and preventive maintenance over changes in the general education system in the context of its digital transformation, contributes to the formation of health risks for students. The purpose of the study. hygienic assessment of the digital educational environment of Russian schools in the context of the use of modern digital technologies and means of supporting them. Materials and methods. The object of the study is the federal statistical observation forms of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation No. OO-1 and No. OO-2 for the 2022–2023 academic year. There was conducted a hygienic assessment of indicators characterizing the development of digital educational environment (DEE) in Russian schools, to identify the main risk factors for the health of students in the context of digitalization of school environment. Results. The DEE of Russian schools is characterized by the provision of personal computers (PCs), while the share of stationary PCs is 31.9%, laptops and tablets – 68.1%. 94.8% of schools are connected to the wired Internet, 48.4% and 29.9% of schools are connected to the wireless and mobile Internet, respectively. The average number of computer science classrooms is 0.9 classrooms per 1 school. In educational institutions, 61.5% of classrooms are equipped with multimedia projectors, 35.8% with interactive whiteboards and panels. There is an increase in the availability of information equipment for the entire school space (recreation, library, etc.). New digital platforms are actively developing (“IT cube”, children’s technoparks “Quantorium”, and centers “Point of Growth”), which in quantitative terms are comparable to the number of educational institutions and are outside of the zone of medical and preventive provision. Limitations. The study is limited to a sample of indicators characterizing the state of DEE at the stage of general education, which does not allow extrapolating the data obtained to secondary vocational and higher education. Conclusion. The data obtained actualize the need to modernize the architectural and planning solutions of school buildings and improve scientifically based medical and preventive support for the digital transformation of education.

Implementing smart technologies for teaching Ukrainian language across secondary and higher education: case studies and practical recommendations

The article is dedicated to exploring SMART technologies in the process of teaching the Ukrainian language to students in general secondary and higher education institutions. Specifically, methodical recommendations are formulated to enhance the effectiveness of utilizing these technologies in the modern educational process. The significance of SMART technologies is substantially increasing in the innovative paradigm of the educational process under the influence of integration, globalization, and the transition to an information society. The article employs a comparative and content analysis of distance and electronic learning of the Ukrainian language. It delves into the theoretical foundations of computer-assisted language teaching as a distinct methodological approach based on “smart” technologies. The authors emphasize the effectiveness of using interactive whiteboards and multimedia presentations to implement the principle of visualizing language elements and structures, facilitating students' acquisition of lexical-grammatical material. It is identified that creating mental maps is an effective SMART teaching technology for the Ukrainian language. To this end, computer services such as MindMeister, Mindomo, Cliffy, Spinscape, Bubbl.us, MAPMYself, SpiderScribe, and others are recommended. The research concludes that the use of SMART technologies by students in general secondary and higher education institutions contributes to increased motivation for language learning, improved literacy levels, facilitates independent research efforts aimed at enhancing professional-communicative competence, and streamlines the process of knowledge assessment by educators.

THE USE OF TEACHING AIDS FOR CIRCLE TOPICS AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS

Teaching aids assume a significant role in facilitating the instruction of the subject matter of Circles by secondary school educators. The subject of Circles encompasses the examination of angles and measurements, which are fundamental components of Mathematics. Despite the prior introduction of the concept of circles, numerous students still encounter challenges when attempting to solve mathematical problems related to this topic, even at the university level. The objective of this investigation was to explore how the incorporation of teaching aids can enhance the classroom milieu, particularly with regard to the topic of Circles. This quantitative study encompassed the participation of 350 mathematics teachers within secondary schools situated in the Kuantan district. The selection of participants was executed through purposive sampling. Data collected via questionnaires were subsequently subjected to analysis employing the Statistical Package from Social Science (SPSS), specifically version 29 of IBM. The findings demonstrate that teachers employ various forms of teaching aids, ranging from conventional methodologies to advanced computer software and interactive whiteboards. This study underscores the necessity of adopting a systematic and continuous approach, while also enhancing digital literacy and expanding technological access among teachers and students, thereby fostering an environment conducive to learning. Consequently, educators must possess extensive knowledge pertaining to digital resources to effectively impart comprehensive understanding to students about the topic of Circles.

The influence of classes using an interactive whiteboard on the functional state of the body of primary school students

Introduction. The development of the education system in recent decades has been accompanied by extensive informatization, activating the cognitive activity of students necessary for the formation of a successful educational process. To identify the impact of the use of an interactive whiteboard (ID) in adolescents of grades 5 and 7, a comparative study of the functional state of the body (FS) of schoolchildren with and without ID was conducted, which is an integral indicator of the ability of an individual's body to maintain a reserve of adaptive reserves under the influence of adverse factors. Mental performance indicators according to the letter table of Anfimov served as markers of FS, allowing to assess the FS of the central nervous system and its change under the influence of various factors. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to study mental performance and assess the body's FS and the emotional state of primary school students in lessons with and without the use of ID. Materials and methods. The study of the influence of the use of ID in educational activities on the mental performance and emotional state of 233 students of different sexes was conducted in a natural hygienic experiment at a secondary school in Moscow. The differences determined by the Student's t-test were considered significant at p<0.05. Results. The initial indicators of mental performance in girls and boys of grades 5 and 7 correspond to the standards for children of this age. When comparing the levels of working capacity in grades 5 and 7, it was revealed that fifth graders are almost 2 times more likely to have a high level of working capacity (p<0.01). And in grades 5 and 7, there is a tendency for girls to have a higher intensity of work than boys, and in grades 7 it is significantly higher (p <0.05). In the process of working with the use of ID, the coefficient of decrease in working capacity in students of grades 5 and 7 was higher than 1, and this indicates the tension of regulatory processes in the body, the impossibility of rapid restoration of functions in students of these age groups, especially girls. Conclusion. The results of the study show that the use of an interactive whiteboard increases educational motivation and emotionally activates the educational activities of students in grades 5-7. However, a comparison of the fatigue of two variants of lesson organization (with and without ID) with the same lesson density according to the distribution of individual shifts in mental performance showed that after lessons with ID, there is a higher percentage of fatigue and pronounced fatigue among students of the basic level of education, and gender differences were also revealed: for girls, classes using ID were more exhausting than for boys. The data obtained indicate that when using electronic educational tools in the educational process, it is very important to take into account the age, gender and individual capabilities of the body of students.

Prospective Foreign Language Teachers: Interactive Whiteboards Within the Context of Micro-Learning

Prospective Foreign Language Teachers: Interactive Whiteboards Within the Context of Micro-Learning

Exploring the issues of Primary School students’ mastery of Jawi and the ICT solution

Jawi writing serves as the principal medium for Islamic education instruction in schools today. Possessing proficient Jawi writing skills enables students to effortlessly navigate the learning process and gain a comprehensive understanding of Islamic education content. This study aims to investigate the current state of mastering Jawi writing skills among primary school students in one of the most developed and progressive states in Malaysia. A comprehensive literature review and surveys of 33 parents were done. Apart from this, an interview was conducted with teachers from three different types of religious primary schools: Religious Primary Schools (Sekolah Rendah Agama), Integrated Religious Primary Schools (Sekolah Rendah Agama Integrasi), and Al-Quran and Fardu Ain Integration Classes. The literature review, survey, and interview results clearly demonstrate that students face significant difficulties when learning to connect Jawi letters into words. The survey and interview responses highlighted the importance of providing adequate practice and reinforcement opportunities for students. Considering these findings, it is crucial to develop new teaching strategies and materials such as integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools such as educational software, interactive digital whiteboards, and customized learning apps specifically designed to support the learning and mastery of Jawi writing. These ICT solutions could provide engaging, interactive, and differentiated learning experiences tailored to student needs, thereby potentially improving proficiency in Jawi writing among primary students.

Design and implementation of automated notification systems and an electronic whiteboard for radiation therapy planning monitoring.

Radiotherapy (RT) treatment and treatment planning is a complex process prepared and delivered by a multidisciplinary team of specialists. Efficient communication and notification systems among different team members are therefore essential to ensure the safe, timely delivery of treatments to patients. To address this issue, we developed and implemented automated notification systems and an electronic whiteboard to track every CT simulation, contouring task, the new-start schedule, and physician's appointments and tasks, and notify team members of overdue and missing tasks and appointments. The electronic whiteboard was developed to have a straightforward view of current patients' planning workflow and to help different team members coordinate with each other. The systems were implemented and have been used at our center to monitor the progress of treatment-planning tasks for over 2 years. The last-minute plans were relatively reduced by about 40% in 2023 compared to 2021 and 2022 with a p-value<0.05. The overdue contouring tasks of more than 1 day decreased from 46.8% in 2019 and 33.6% in 2020 to 20%-26.4% in 2021-2023 with a p-value<0.05 after the implementation of the notification system. The rate of plans with 1-3 day planning time decreased by 20.31%, 39.32%, and 24.08% with a p-value<0.05 and the rate of plans with 1-3 day planning time due to the contouring task overdue more than 1 day decreased by 49.49%, 56.89%, and 46.52% with a p-value<0.05 after the implementation. The rate of outstanding appointments that are overdue by more than 7 days decreased by more than 5% with a p-value<0.05 following the implementation of the system. Our experience shows that this system requires minimal human intervention, improves the treatment planning workflow and process by reducing errors and delays in the treatment planning process, positively impacts on-time treatment plan completion, and reduces the need for compressed or rushed treatment planning timelines.

Recurrent Neural Network Research on a Flipped Classroom Online Collaborative Teaching Platform

A Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) is a type of artificial neural network designed to effectively process sequential data by maintaining a memory of past inputs. A Collaborative Online Teaching platform is a digital space designed to facilitate interactive and engaging learning experiences between educators and students in virtual environments. It integrates various tools and features to enable real-time communication, content sharing, and collaborative activities. The collaborative features such as breakout rooms, group projects, and interactive whiteboards promote teamwork and active participation among students. Assessment tools within the platform facilitate the evaluation of student progress through quizzes, assignments, and grading functionalities. This research investigates the integration of Problem Based Learning (PBL) and cooperative instructional methods within flipped classrooms, aiming to examine their impact on students' intrinsic motivation to learn. The study endeavors to develop a tutorial strategy aligned with the concept of "flipped schools" to enhance students' self-directed study, problem-solving abilities, academic achievement, and interest in instruction. First-year students from Southern Taiwan College of Science and Technology's School of Information Management participated, focusing on education in C#. The participants were divided into a trial group, experiencing the proposed teaching tactics, and an identical control group with randomly selected groups. Pre- and post-test scores from computing classes were analyzed to assess learning outcomes. Additionally, a survey explored students' perceptions of the flipped classroom approach, project-based schooling, and collaborative learning. Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) processes were employed to analyze sequential data, such as student performance over time and engagement patterns. Results indicate that the recommended instructional strategies led to improved comprehension levels, with the experimental group showing significantly greater progress compared to the control.

Stakeholder perceptions of thoroughbred yearling sales endoscopy in Australia: can we do better?

To identify thoroughbred industry stakeholders' views on the yearling sales endoscopy in Australia. Semi-structured qualitative group interviews with equine veterinarians, thoroughbred breeders and yearling purchasers. Twenty-nine experienced thoroughbred industry stakeholders participated in online focus groups: (1) equine veterinarians involved in yearling endoscopy; (2) thoroughbred breeders; and (3) yearling buyers. The focus groups were audio and video recorded and digital whiteboards were available. Data was transcribed, live-coded and analysed thematically. The main themes identified included the uncertainty surrounding the relationship between yearling laryngeal function and future performance, especially the significance of yearlings with grade 3 out of 5 laryngeal function; interobserver variability in the laryngeal function grade assigned by veterinarians to the same endoscopic exam; and the presence of intra-horse variability in laryngeal function over different time points. Stakeholders raised multiple concerns about the current yearling sales endoscopy process in Australia. Recommendations to address these concerns include further investigation into the race performance of yearlings identified with grade 3 laryngeal function; training of veterinarians to reduce inter-observer variability; and the need to determine the most appropriate grading system to use in yearlings. Future research should evaluate the significance of intra-horse variability in a yearling population.

A Study on Factors Influencing After-Sales Service of Reliance Fresh

To communicate, save, and manage information, teachers use a variety of ICT tools. ICT has become an integral part of teaching-learning, they are replacing chalkboards with interactive digital whiteboards and using smartphones or other devices for learning during class time. These approaches are leading towards higher order thinking skills, and creativity to express their understandings, and deal with ongoing technological change in society and the workplace. Integration of Information, Communication, and Technology (ICT) is assisting teachers with the global requirement for replacing traditional teaching methods with technology-based teaching and learning tools and facilities. ICT reduces the gap between parents, educators, and students by encouraging sustainable cooperative, and transparent communication methods. The integration of ICTs with the educational system is a complex, lengthy process that involves enough initial capital and other resources. The benefits of increased use of technology in education are specialized learning, project-based learning, increased collaboration, engaging content, and improved productivity and efficiency. ICT is playing salient roles in workplaces, business, education, and entertainment. The digital era of ICT gives the opportunities to learn and apply the required skills.