Changes In Intentions Research Articles

Analysis of Consumers' Willingness to Buy Organic Food and Its Influencing Factors Based on Logit Model: A Case Study of Shenzhen

In the past few years, Chinese consumers have shown a growing preference for organic food due to the rise in their salaries and better living standards. Additionally, there is an increasing concern among individuals about personal well-being and the safety of food, which has contributed to the popularity of organic products in China. In the process of buying organic food, consumers are affected by their own factors and the objective environment, which leads to a change in purchase intention. In order to explore the main factors that affect consumers' purchase intention in reality. Based on the network survey data of 329 urban consumers in Shenzhen, this paper establishes a logit model to analyze the organic food purchase intention of consumers in Shenzhen and its influencing factors. The results show that the main factors affecting consumers' organic food purchases are personal monthly income, educational level, and food safety concerns. According to the results of the empirical study, the relevant policy suggestions for improving the organic food industry were put forward.

Cardiovascular disease risk communication and prevention: a meta-analysis.

Knowledge of quantifiable cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk may improve health outcomes and trigger behavioural change in patients or clinicians. This review aimed to investigate the impact of CVD risk communication on patient-perceived CVD risk and changes in CVD risk factors. PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO databases were searched from inception to 6 June 2023, supplemented by citation analysis. Randomized trials that compared any CVD risk communication strategy versus usual care were included. Paired reviewers independently screened the identified records and extracted the data; disagreements were resolved by a third author. The primary outcome was the accuracy of risk perception. Secondary outcomes were clinician-reported changes in CVD risk, psychological responses, intention to modify lifestyle, and self-reported changes in risk factors and clinician prescribing of preventive medicines. Sixty-two trials were included. Accuracy of risk perception was higher among intervention participants (odds ratio = 2.31, 95% confidence interval = 1.63 to 3.27). A statistically significant improvement in overall CVD risk scores was found at 6-12 months (mean difference = -0.27, 95% confidence interval = -0.45 to -0.09). For primary prevention, risk communication significantly increased self-reported dietary modification (odds ratio = 1.50, 95% confidence interval = 1.21 to 1.86) with no increase in intention or actual changes in smoking cessation or physical activity. A significant impact on patients' intention to start preventive medication was found for primary and secondary prevention, with changes at follow-up for the primary prevention group. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, communicating CVD risk information, regardless of the method, reduced the overall risk factors and enhanced patients' self-perceived risk. Communication of CVD risk to patients should be considered in routine consultations.

Brief Report: Determinants of Potential Sexual Activity Reduction in the Face of the Mpox Epidemic.

The current mpox epidemic is most prevalent among men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM). Vaccination programs are being rolled-out to curb the epidemic. Behavioural measures have been called for as well, for example, by the WHO and national public health authorities to reduce the number of sexual partners and sexual activity. We investigated intentions and determinants among Dutch MSM to follow such behavioural measures. Early in July 2022, in the context of a dynamic ongoing epidemic, 394 MSM answered an online questionnaire investigating concepts such as perceived mpox risk, vaccination and behavioural change intentions and collecting socio-demographic and sexual behaviour information. The overall intentions to reduce number of partners and sexual activity were high, but only a minority had developed definite intentions. Determinant analysis revealed that dating/open relationship status was a positive predictor; vaccination intentions did not predict sexual behaviour change; those not on PrEP were more likely to change their sexual behaviour. Mpox infection concern was the main predictor for behaviour change intentions. Our results show that behavioural measures to avoid an mpox infection are present in majority of participants in our survey, but high intentions are held by a minority. Taking the historic complexity of behavioural change pleas among MSM into account sensitive, additional public health measures are necessary to reach and to inform MSM about potential benefits of sexual behaviour change.

Unpacking the linkages between beliefs and behavioural intention for curriculum reform: A cognitive approach for school middle leaders

Middle leadership has garnered significant attention in the realm of school leadership research. However, there remains a dearth of research exploring middle leaders’ responses to reform through the lens of cognitive frames. This study aimed to fill the gap by investigating how middle leaders’ beliefs, encompassing varying extents of implicitness – specifically, beliefs about effort and ability, along with pedagogical conceptions – are associated with their behavioural intention for change. Using a survey design, the study collected 623 questionnaires from middle leaders of secondary schools in Taiwan. The results of the structural equation modelling analysis revealed that the deeply ingrained cultural values reflected by effort-based beliefs emerged as a crucial determinant of middle leaders’ pedagogical beliefs. These pedagogical beliefs were positively related to their behavioural intentions for change. Furthermore, the effect of effort-based beliefs on middle leaders’ intention to engage in reform actions was mediated by their pedagogical beliefs. Conversely, no significant effects of ability-based beliefs were observed. The findings hold implications for educational policymakers and practitioners seeking to enhance the effectiveness of reform initiatives at the middle leadership level.

Mechanisms of Behavior Change for a Digital Resistance Training Intervention: A Mediation Study

ABSTRACT Introduction/Purpose Few interventions that seek to enhance resistance training behavior examine the mechanisms through which they exert their effects. Rather, many trials focus on physiological outcomes under tightly controlled training regimens. Understanding how to promote resistance training in everyday life is vital. This study aimed to examine the mediators of a remote-based 9-wk randomized controlled trial with a 4-wk self-regulation intervention period. Methods Sixty-one participants 18–35 yr of age who were not currently achieving the American College of Sports Medicine resistance training guidelines received two Zoom-based personal training sessions, resistance training equipment, and access to a Web site with training videos. After the two personal training sessions, participants were randomized to an intervention or comparison condition. Participants in the intervention condition received four weekly Zoom-based coaching calls to discuss barriers and solutions to resistance training participation. Resistance training behavior participation, self-efficacy, intention, behavioral expectations, and coping planning were assessed after the intervention period and at a follow-up 4 wk later. A mediation analysis was conducted to examine if the intervention had indirect effects on behavior through changes in any of the measured psychological variables. Results All necessary measures were completed by 96.7% of participants. After the intervention, direct effects were observed on self-efficacy (b = 0.68, standard error (SE) = 0.26, P = 0.01), intention (b = 0.77, SE = 0.27, P = 0.004), coping planning (b = 0.43, SE = 0.13, P = 0.001), and behavioral expectations (b = 19.7, SE = 5.3, P = 0.0001). Self-efficacy (b = 2.07, SE = 0.83, P = 0.01) and intention (b = 3.0, SE = 0.61, P = 0.0001) had direct effects on behavior. In the multiple mediation model, intention emerged as a significant mediator (b = 2.64, SE = 0.83, P = 0.001). Conclusion These findings suggest that changes in intention contributed to changes in behavior. Techniques that target behavioral intention may be appropriate for in-home strength-training interventions in young adults.

Variable Stiffness and Damping Mechanism for CPR Manikin to Simulate Mechanical Properties of Human Chest.

This study introduces a novel system that can simulate diverse mechanical properties of the human chest to enhance the experience of CPR training by reflecting realistic chest conditions of patients. The proposed system consists of Variable stiffness mechanisms (VSMs) and Variable damper (VD) utilizing stretching silicone bands and dashpot dampers with controllable valves to modulate stiffness and damping, respectively. Cyclic loading was applied with a robot manipulator to the system. Compression force and displacement were measured and analyzed to evaluate the system's mechanical response. Long-term stability of the system was also validated. A non-linear response of the human chest under compression is realized through this design. Test results indicated non-linear force-displacement curves with hysteresis, similar to those observed in the chest of patients. Controlling the VSM and VD allowed for intentional changes in the slope and area of curves that are related to stiffness and damping, respectively. Stiffness and damping of the system were computed using performance test results. The stiffness ranged from 5.34 N/mm to 13.59 N/mm and the damping ranges from 0.127 N[Formula: see text] s/mm to 0.511 N[Formula: see text] s/mm. These properties cover a significant portion of the reported mechanical properties of the human chests. The system demonstrated satisfactory stability even when it was subjected to maximum stiffness conditions of the long-term compression test. The system is capable of emulating the mechanical properties and behavior of the human chests, thereby enhancing the CPR training experience.

The role of environmental mental imagery in impact beliefs about climate change mitigation and pro-environmental intentions

People are aware that climate change is happening, yet many do not act on this information. Increasing the awareness that some pro-environmental behaviors have a larger impact than others has the potential to be a piece of the puzzle needed to increase climate action. The current study aims to create an intervention, by combining feedback about the efficacy of pro-environmental behaviors and a novel mental imagery task, intended to help people update their impact beliefs and increase their intention to engage in pro-environmental behavior. The participants (N = 1012) were recruited online and randomized to one of three conditions: 1) Environmentally themed mental imagery in combination with efficacy feedback; 2) Efficacy feedback only; 3) Control. As predicted, we found that efficacy feedback affected the intention to act pro-environmentally, however, the intention to act increased more when the feedback was combined with a mental imagery task. In addition, we found that combining the two interventions increased the perceived impact of pro-environmental behaviors to a higher degree than efficacy feedback alone. Mediation analyses indicated that the change of impact beliefs mediated the change in pro-environmental intention in the combination condition, but not in the other conditions. These results suggest the potential aggregated effect of using mental imagery with efficacy feedback in behavioral interventions aimed at mitigating climate change.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОГО ОПЫТА СТУДЕНТОВ И ЕГО СВЯЗЬ С ИХ СУБЪЕКТИВНЫМ БЛАГОПОЛУЧИЕМ

The study of the subjective foundations of educational success and well-being of students is promising in the context of determining the internal resources of a student as an active subject of educational activity. As a result of the empirical study, it was revealed that the majority of students perceive their educational success as average. In groups with favorable and unfavorable educational experience (EE), as an indicator of subjective educational success, statistically significant differences were found in all of its components. Students with high subjective educational success are characterized by satisfaction with their studies at a university; they do not limit themselves only to formal studying, but are open to other forms of educational experience, which requires greater independence and self-organization. That is what they demonstrate in such an indicator as “experience of self-regulated learning”. They have more faith in their own strengths and the support of others. A study of the subjective well-being of students showed that students who perceive their EE as successful feel moderate emotional comfort, are more satisfied with the activities they perform, relationships with others, are active, they are more characterized by an optimistic attitude, and less by a feeling of tension, absent-mindedness, and high sensitivity to irritants. The strongest relationships between educational success and well-being of students turned out to be relationships in the following components: the importance of the social environment and support, changes in mood, involvement, and intention to expand experience.

Understanding the Consumers’ Purchase Intention Toward Green Cosmetic Products in Malaysia

This research explores the evolving landscape of consumer behaviors within Malaysia’s growing market for green cosmetic products. Globally, the natural and organic cosmetics market has witnessed substantial growth, reflecting an increasing trend toward green cosmetic choices. In Malaysia, a market characterized by diverse consumer preferences and heightened environmental awareness, this study aims to unravel the intricate factors influencing consumers’ intentions in adopting green cosmetic products. Despite a preference for eco-friendly items, challenges arise from the perception that green products are inherently more expensive, leading some consumers to choose more economical alternatives. Sampling methods for this study involved a combination of purposive and convenience sampling. Situated in the unique socio-economic and cultural context of Malaysia, this research employs semi-structured interviews to delve into the factors shaping consumers’ purchase intentions. The findings reveal significant shifts in Malaysian consumers’ purchase behavior, notably an increased inclination to choose green cosmetics when armed with more information and a growing preference for products offering promotions and discounts. The study establishes a conceptual framework, highlighting the intention-behavior gap and brand loyalty as key factors driving these changes in purchase intention among Malaysians.

Monitoring the impact of COVID-19 on the travel behavior of train travelers in the Netherlands

Mobility patterns and transport systems have been heavily impacted due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Public transport is impacted heavily, as governments worldwide advised against using it. This paper presents the data collection effort initiated by NS (Dutch Railways) and Delft University of Technology to capture changes in travel behavior, attitudes and intentions related to the COVID-19 pandemic among Dutch train travelers. The survey set-up, data collection process, data validation and potential of the dataset are discussed. The data collection effort proves to be a valuable longitudinal data set that is ground for many research opportunities and policy insights.

ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ РУКОВОДСТВА И СОТРУДНИКОВ К ПЛАНИРУЕМЫМ ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННЫМ ПЕРЕНМЕНАМ В МИНИСТЕРСТВЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ШТАТА ДЕЛЬТА, АСАБА, НИГЕРИЯ

This study examines the influence of change leadership on employee support for an intentional organizational change in the Delta State Ministry of Education Asaba, Nigeria. The study employed a cross-sectional research methodology and a self-administered Likert-type questionnaire. Data for the study were obtained from employees who were undergoing through significant upheaval. The data collected was evaluated using structural equation model. The study found that essential change leadership qualities including communication and involvement aid in building employee support for change initiatives. The cognitive and behavioral reactions of the employees to the planned change was influenced by change leadership. Employees' cognitive assessments of and emotional reactions to the planned change event served as a mediating factor in the relationship between change leadership and behavioral intentions to support the planned change. When assessing planned organizational transformation efforts, leaders frequently pay more attention to how employees respond to the change than to the causes of those reactions. The significance of addressing employee attitudes as the first step toward desired change activities was emphasized by this study. This study adopted a multidimensional approach to attitudes and examined their hierarchy of impacts in order to more accurately describe the influence of change leadership on employee support for change. The study makes a number of suggestions, one of which is that leaders should boost employee morale prior to initiating change projects in order to increase the likelihood of success. In a world of rapid change and cultivation of adaptable mindsets, change leadership is essential.

The digitalization of social influence practices in Morocco and its effect on attitudinal change and purchase behavioral intention

The phenomenon of digital influencers considered as electronic opinion leaders is proving to be a relevant practice adapted to the current context of digital transformation. The aim of this research work is to shed light on the various theories mobilized to study the effect of social influence via digital channels on the attitudinal change and purchasing behavioral intention of Moroccan consumers, in order to clarify the role of the digital influencer by focusing on the issues of credibility, authenticity and homophily of this social connector, and by showing the contribution of the quality of the content disseminated in the involvement and commitment of the virtual community following the para-social interaction established via social networks. The original aspect of this research lies in the interdisciplinary specificity of two distinct but complementary approaches combining the theories of social psychology and those of consumer behavior through a research methodology based on descriptive methods supported by documentary analysis techniques

La Virgen de las Nieves de la Parroquia de San Isidoro en Sevilla: ¿una imagen “fernandina” o una recreación decimonónica?

The image of Saint Mary of the Snows is a sculpture for dress that receives worship in the parish of Saint Isidore of Seville (Spain). Regarding its origin and dating, very different hypotheses have been defended; some authors date it to the 17th century; others, however, place it in the years after the reconquest of the city by King Ferdinand III (13th century), including it within the group of the so-called "fernandine” images. Its recent intervention have contributed and/or confirmed numerous relevant data on its material history. The most outstanding would be the confirmation that the current seated posture is not original, but was the result of an intentional change, undertaken in 1783 by the sculptor José Tiburcio González, along with the renovation of the trousseau that complements it.

The impact of Chatbot-Assisted Self Assessment (CASA) on intentions for sexual health screening in people from minoritised ethnic groups at risk of sexually transmitted infections.

Background Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) present a significant global public health issue, with disparities in STI rates often observed across ethnic groups. The study investigates the impact of Chatbot-Assisted Self Assessment (CASA) on the intentions for sexual health screening within minoritised ethnic groups (MEGs) at risk of STIs as well as the subsequent use of a chatbot for booking STI screening. Methods A simulation within-subject design was utilised to evaluate the effect of CASA on intentions for STI/HIV screening, concern about STIs, and attitudes towards STI screening. Screening intentions served as the dependent variable, while demographic and behavioural factors related to STI/HIV risk were the independent variables. ANCOVA tests were conducted to measure the impact of CASA on these perceptions. Results Involving 548 participants (54% women, 66% black, average age=30years), the study found that CASA positively influenced screening intentions t (547)=-10.3, P t (544)=-4.96, P t (543)=-4.36, P Conclusion CASA increased motivations for STI screening intentions among ethnically diverse communities. The intervention's non-judgemental nature and the chatbot's ability to emulate sexual history-taking were critical in fostering an environment conducive to behavioural intention change. The study's high acceptability indicates the potential for broader application in digital health interventions. However, the limitation of not tracking actual post-intervention behaviour warrants further investigation into CASA's real-world efficacy.

Career Change Intentions of Science and Engineering Undergraduates: A Behavioral Neuroscience Inquiry

Career Change Intentions of Science and Engineering Undergraduates: A Behavioral Neuroscience Inquiry

Responding to feedback about implicit bias

AbstractProviding people with feedback about their intergroup biases is a central part of many diversity training and other bias‐education efforts. Although this practice may increase self‐awareness, people sometimes respond negatively to learning about their own biases. In the present review, we provide a framework for understanding when feedback about intergroup bias should lead to behavior change intentions, and when it can work against that goal. Specifically, we suggest that feedback about performance on measures of bias (e.g., the Implicit Association Test) will cause psychological discomfort to the extent that feedback about intergroup bias is: (1) discrepant from self‐reported attitudes, and (2) more personally or socially unacceptable than self‐reported attitudes. We then suggest two possible routes stemming from that psychological discomfort: If people accept personal responsibility for feedback, they will respond to psychological discomfort with compunction and direct efforts toward behavior and attitude change. By contrast, if people reject personal responsibility for feedback, they will respond defensively, derogating the feedback and trying to prove that the results are inaccurate. We use responses to feedback about implicit bias as a test case to demonstrate our model and discuss the current state of the literature on responding to IAT feedback. We also discuss interventions that can move people from defensiveness to compunction and open our metaphorical “file drawer” to discuss lessons learned.

Effectiveness of Cigarette Graphic Warnings in Informing Smokers about the Dangers of Tobacco

Purpose: Pictorial cigarette pack warnings are a promising solution for curbing the tobacco epidemic and are considered as one of the most direct, effective and prominent means of communicating with smokers. Over 8,300 Cameroonians are killed by smoking-caused diseases every year with 112 men and 47 women dying every week because of smoking. In a country were 2.3 billion cigarettes were sold in 2016, this study seeks to find out how effective cigarette warning labels are in influencing smokers’ intake of cigarette. We sought to assess the effectiveness of cigarette warning labels, to determine if smokers’ belief and trust the graphics on cigarette warning labels and if they are directly or indirectly influenced by cigarette warning labels.
 Methodology: This study adopted a qualitative research design in order to better understand and illuminate the Effectiveness of Cigarette Warning Labels to smokers. A purposive sample of eighteen (18) cigarette smokers were interviewed
 Findings: Our findings point to the fact that there is perceived ineffectiveness of cigarette warning labels, that cigarette smokers don’t believe the warning labels are real and there exist a limited influence of cigarette warning labels to smokers. The analysis of our data led to the emergence of three distinct themes: Perceived ineffectiveness of warning labels; Lack of belief in warning labels; Limited influence of cigarette warning labels to smokers.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: This study was informed by the Trans theoretical Model (TTM) which focuses on the decision-making of smokers and is a model of intentional change. It was observed that smokers may not change their habits quickly and decisively only because of cigarette graphic warnings. Other communication channels especially the media may reinforce cigarette graphic warnings to persuade smokers to quit smoking. This study has implications for programs aimed at reducing the rate of cigarette smoking. Based on the findings, the warning labels appear not be very effective in persuading smokers to quit the deadly practice of smoking.

Team Primary Care: Training for Transformation in Canada

To address the growing crisis in primary care access and sustainability in Canada, Team Primary Care brings together 65+ health professional organizations to enhance the capacity of interprofessional, comprehensive primary care through improved training for practitioners, supports for teams and tools for planners and employers.
 Team Primary Care targets the primary care workforce including family physicians, primary care nurse practitioners, family practice nurses, pharmacists, physician assistants, mental health practitioners, traditional Indigenous Healers, and others. The project focuses on those involved in the training of the primary care workforce, including funders, accreditors, learning organizations, health professional associations and government.
 Team Primary Care endeavours to enhance interprofessional comprehensive primary care training; improve labour market integration for Indigenous and internationally educated practitioners, maximizing their utilization; create enabling environments for diverse, healthy, and resilient team members to practice at their optimal scope and capacity; and demonstrate, spread and scale leading integrated primary care workforce planning practices, tools, and resources.
 To date, Team Primary Care has launched eight primary care practitioner specific curricular development projects in parallel with workplace integrated learning demonstration projects, offered team-based training for primary care teams using cross cutting tools and supports to enhance interprofessional, equitable and inclusive, culturally safe care aimed at improving access to care and provider well-being. By March 2023 we anticipate an additional 12 curricular projects and 20+ demonstration projects will be ready for implementation. Unique to this project is its integrative approach and intentional change strategy that has been embedded in its design. In addition, an extensive process, outcome, and meta evaluation will have been carried out throughout the length of the project. Between now and March 2023, the aim is for the project to enhance primary care capacity enabling more Canadians to have access to an integrated primary care workforce that is inclusive of a broader range of practitioners working in teams that embed the principles of interprofessionalism, equity, diversity, inclusion, accessibility, psychological health and safety, reconciliation, and social accountability through enhanced and aligned training.
 The integrative and inclusive approach taken by Team Primary Care provides a unique country-wide case study of how to rapidly use education as a vehicle to quickly catalyze practice reform in primary care. Shifting the mental model towards team-based care inclusive of a broad range of primacy care practitioners committed to the delivery of comprehensive primary care was a major focus of the communication plan used. The cross-cutting tools developed are transferable to teams included but not limited to primary care and for both the Canadian context and beyond.
 The development of a sustainable interprofessional primary care training table is envisioned with a repository of team training tools and resources for use by a prepared primary care workforce prepared to scale and spread team-based care across the healthcare system. This case study will offer learned lessons on how education can be a critical enabler for primary care system reform.

“What’s Next in My Arc of Development?”: An Exploratory Study of What Medical Students Need to Care for Patients of Different Backgrounds

Phenomenon Medical schools must equip future physicians to provide equitable patient care. The best approach, however, is mainly dependent on a medical school’s context. Graduating students from our institution have reported feeling ill-equipped to care for patients from “different backgrounds” on the Association of American Medical Colleges’ Graduation Questionnaire. We explored how medical students interpret “different patient backgrounds” and what they need to feel prepared to care for diverse patients. Approach We conducted an exploratory qualitative case study using focus groups with 11, Year 2 (MS2) and Year 4 (MS4) medical students at our institution. Focus groups were recorded, transcribed, and coded using thematic analysis. We used Bobbie Harro’s cycles of socialization and liberation to understand how the entire medical school experience, not solely the curriculum, informs how medical students learn to interact with all patients. Findings We organized our findings into four major themes to characterize students’ medical education experience when learning to care for patients of different backgrounds: (1) Understandings of different backgrounds (prior to medical school); (2) Admissions process; (3) Curricular socialization; and (4) Co-curricular (or environmental) socialization. We further divided themes 2, 3, and 4 into two subthemes when learning how to care for patients of different backgrounds: (a) the current state and (b) proposed changes. We anticipate that following the proposed changes will help students feel more prepared to care for patients of differing backgrounds. Insights Our findings show that preparing medical students to care for diverse patient populations requires a multitude of intentional changes throughout medical students’ education. Using Harro’s cycles of socialization and liberation as an analytic lens, we identified multiple places throughout medical students’ educational experience that are barriers to learning how to care for diverse populations. We propose changes within medical students’ education that build upon each other to adequately prepare students to care for patients of diverse backgrounds. Each proposed change culminates into a systemic shift within an academic institution and requires an intentional commitment by administration, faculty, admissions, curriculum, and student affairs.

Evolution of women physician leadership at the Ottawa Hospital, 2011–2022: a mixed method study by the Women Physician Leadership Committee

Purpose: To assess the evolution of women physician leadership after implementation of initiatives introduced by the Women Physician Leadership Committee (WPLC) from 2011 to 2022 at The Ottawa Hospital (TOH). Methods: We conducted a mixed-methods study using a transformative sequential research design. During phase 1 (2011–2022), we held three rounds of semi-structured interviews with division and departments heads. The results were organized into eight themes, providing insight into TOH’s work environment and culture. In phase 2, we determined the number of women physicians holding privileges and leadership positions at TOH in 2011, 2016, and 2022. Results: Despite an increase in the number of women physicians over the last decade (from 30% (255/862) in 2011 to 42.5% (486/1144) in 2022), the number of women division and department heads did not change significantly. In fact, only one of 12 department head positions has been held by a woman. We compiled comments from division and department heads to capture various perspectives and provide concrete examples of efforts and barriers to women physician leadership. Interpretation: We attribute the progress we have achieved in the last 11 years to the WPLC’s initiatives. Among other positive changes, there has been an increase in the number of formal mentoring opportunities, as well as the number of leaders who consider bringing in a locum when needed to balance the workload. Although progress toward achieving gender parity at TOH is encouraging, it has not eliminated barriers that women in medicine face. Further intentional change is required to counteract deeply rooted societal constructs within TOH culture.