Intense Migration Research Articles

SOCIAL VALUES OF SPORTS MOVEMENT AND PREVENTION OF MIGRANTOPHOBIA

The modern world and Russia in particular is characterized by intensive migration processes. Ethnic, socio-cultural, religious conflicts and migrant-phobia are spreading in the countries that receive migrants. This requires a search for new means and mechanisms for the adaptation and integration of migrants, as well as the prevention of migrant phobia among the local population. The aim of the study is to give a sociological description of migrantophobia in Russia and substantiate the potential of the social values of the sports movement in its prevention. The content of the research is based on: 1) the analysis of bibliographic sources on the topic of the article; 2) a secondary analysis of sociological research on the perception of migrants and migrant phobia. Sociological studies demonstrate a downward trend in the level of migrantophobia in the Russian society, however, there is a need for new ways of preventing it. It has been concluded that sport as a social institution and such social values of sport as activity, self-realization, communication, respect, friendship, tolerance can play a significant role in the adaptation and integration of migrants, as well as in prevention of migrant phobia among the local population. Interpretations of the social functions of sports in relation to migrants have been given. The macro-, meso- and micro factors of the involvement of migrants in sports have been indicated.

ECOLOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL ESTIMATION OF THE SPREADING OF TECHNOGENIC ELEMENTS IN THE TERRITORY OF KIVERTSIV NATIONAL NATURAL PARK "TSUMANSKA PUSHCHA"

Analysis of heavy metals content in the soils of the territory showed its heterogeneous distribution and dependence on available sources of technogenic impact. Geochemical accumulation coefficients were calculated and analyzed. The highest concentrations of manganese and chromium are in soils developed on forest deposits. The highest concentrations of nickel and copper are in soils developed on water-glacial deposits. Most of the studied heavy metals exceed the regional geochemical background. In terms of gross content in soils, trace elements form the following geochemical series: Zn> Cu> Pb> Ni> Mn> Cr. Accumulation of lead in forest deposits up to 2-3 MPC was defined. Most heavy metals in the soil are nonuniformity distributed. High values of the variation coefficient (V) – more than 34 % – are typical for inhomogeneous set of data on the concentrations of all investigated heavy metals. The highest index of variation was defined for lead concentration and equal to 170%, the lowest values were obtained for chromium content and equal to 34 % and zinc – 36 %. In the investigated soils there are two types of micronutrient distribution: elements accumulation in organic horizons with concentration decrease in the lower part of the profile and distribution by sedentary – illuvial type. The first type is characterized by increasing distribution of the following elements Zn, Pb; the second one is characterized Co, Ni, Cu, Mn. The ecological and geochemical assessment of technogenic elements distribution of the NNP Tsumanska Pushcha territory is made on the basis of the comparison of technogenic geochemical specialization of different environments (water, soils, etc.). For assessing the role of landscape components in the general geochemical anomaly of the territory, it is proposed to create total ecological and geochemical estimations. It represents the total values of pollutant concentration coefficients in individual components. Further researchers should focus on the analysis of macronutrients and genetic types of soils; determination of the reference content of elements in geochemical landscapes for defining intensity migration and characteristics of elements distribution; conducting biogeochemical zoning.

Migration, Landscape Dynamics, and Fishermen Livelihood: A Case Study At East Kalimantan

This paper argues for the interrelationship between migration process, dynamics of landscape structure, and sustainable livelihood based on an in-depth study in East Kalimantan, known as a hub of oil and gas and mining industry as well as plantation and housing area for fishing communities. Using anthropological approach, data was collected using a range of methods including observation, GIS-based spatial mapping, household survey, focus group discussion (FGD), and in-depth interviews.Findings of this study showed that the long process of landscape change has affected community livelihood due to differential resource allocation. Intensive migration occurring alongside rapid industrialization has not only increased competition between different interest groups, but has also changed local spatial configuration. Nonetheless, findings also highlighted integration between differentinterest groups which has also influenced livelihood. Such process is a form of ‘smart’ response in showing community resilience and ability to share living space by minimizing conflicts.

Характеристика видимых миграций птиц в дельте Днестра в 1974 -1976 гг.

The article deals with the results of observations of diurnal bird migrations and counts on a fixed route in the spring and autumn of 1974-1976, in the Dniester Delta. The total number of observation days was 82 (32 in spring and 50 in autumn, respectively). For this period, during observations and counts on the route, 135 bird species from 11 orders were registered, the total number of which exceeded 600 000 individuals. The study of migrations was carried out according to the E. Kumari method (1955). At the observation site, 80 species were counted, including 52 in spring and 60 in autumn. The Jaccard similarity coefficient (Jaccard index) was quite low between seasons and amounted to only 0.59. The frequency of occurrence of the majority of registered species was low. This may have been due to the area of the floodplains themselves, as well as to the weak extent of their anthropogenic transformation observed in the late 70s of the 20th century, which contributed to the bird migrations over the Delta in a wide front. The density of the spring migration flow was maximum in March and averaged 1077.4 ind. (n=32) per a daylight, while the autumn migration flow was 1926.2 ind. (n=50). There were interannual differences in the density of migrations in March. In the spring of 1975, the flight density was 900.3 ind. (n=15), and in 1976 it was almost twice more and amounted to 2094.7 ind. (n=11). There were no interannual differences in the intensity of autumn migrations. The maximum migration density was 2585.2 ind. (n=23) in October. The majority of non-passerine bird species flew in the morning: in spring up to 43.8%, in autumn - 64.1%. The diurnal activity of Passeriformes varied by season: in spring, morning migrations prevailed (56.1%), and in autumn, with the same ratio in the evening (56.1%). The vast majority of flocks (87 - 90%) amounted from 1 to 50 individuals. At altitudes up to 50 m, 37.0% flew, 51-150 m – 24.9% and above 150 m – 38.1% of birds. For a number of species, it was proved that the height of their flights in the general for the season migration sector of directions was higher than in the reverse directions.127 bird species were registered on all routes, of which 106 were registered on a permanent (fixed) route. Maximum species diversity was observed in March – 85, in April − 65, in September − 60, in October − 61 and in November – 40 species. The dynamics of the species composition of birds on a fixed route can be used as an additional characteristic of day transit migrations.

European Identity between Religiousness and Secularity

The role of religion in the structure of European identity was not on the top of agenda before the discussion of the Constitution project, but in the light of the intensive migration and Brexit this question appears to be more and more important. The issue of the interconnection between religion and European identity has several dimensions: the role of believing and belonging as well as Christianity and it forms in construction and functioning of European identity and feeling of Europeanness. The correlation analysis of Eurobarometer data (2009-2019), European Value Study (2d and 3d waves) and World Value Survey (1st-6th waves) data allows us to prove that, being secular in its roots, European identity has intense ties with religiousness. Religion appears to be a factor of European identity not within any confession, but more as a faith. Nevertheless, correlation analysis also demonstrates differences in the influence of Christian confessions on the ones self-identification as European, which allows to look wider at the religion function in European Identity and claimed European values (mainly of secular and Enlightenment origin) in historical retrospective. This means that religion perspective not only reopens the discussion of the substance of being European, but also is one of key approaches to the urgent issues of peaceful group coexistence within European Union.

Effect of metasomatism on the electrical resistivity of the lithospheric mantle – An integrated research using magnetotelluric sounding and xenoliths beneath the Nógrád-Gömör Volcanic Field

Long period magnetotelluric (MT) data were collected at 14 locations along a ~50 km long NNW-SSE profile in the Nógrád-Gömör Volcanic Field (NGVF), which is one of the five mantle xenolith bearing Neogene alkali basalt locations in the Carpathian-Pannonian region. As a result, a low resistivity anomaly (<10 Ωm) was observed approximately at 30–60 km depth beneath the central part of the NGVF, indicating the presence of a conductive body beneath the Moho. This is the same area where upper mantle xenoliths with wehrlitic modal composition were collected from six quarries. The wehrlites were formed as a result of mantle metasomatism involving the peridotite wall rock and a mafic melt. The spatial coincidence of the geophysical anomaly and the petrographic-geochemical alteration in the upper mantle suggests their probable relationship. To test this assumption, we estimated the electrical resistivity of the wehrlites. The outcome reveals lower electrical resistivity for wehrlites (~132 Ωm) compared to the non-metasomatized lherzolites (~273 Ωm) from the same localities. However, it is still higher than the values acquired with long period MT soundings. Thus, further modelling was implemented in order to test the possible role of melt. The models revealed that even ~2–3 vol.% of interconnected melt is enough to lower the electrical resistivity below 1 Ωm in the wehrlites. The interconnected glass phase found in the wehrlites may be the evidence for this later solidified melt. All these suggest that melts may still be present in small amounts beneath the cooling NGVF. The intensive melt upwelling in the central part of the NGVF resulting in a wehrlitized mantle portion with low electrical resistivity, as well as the extensive basalt flows on the surface, can be explained by deep deformation zones, which provide excellent migration pathways for melts through the entire lithosphere. • Magnetotelluric and xenolith data are compared in the Nógrád-Gömör Volcanic Field. • The appearance of a low resistivity anomaly coincides with metasomatized xenoliths. • Metasomatized xenoliths with 2–3 vol.% melt result in a resistivity of ~1 Ωm. • Small amount of melt is likely still present beneath the study area. • Tectonic features may facilitate the intensive upward melt migration and volcanism.

Influence of Modern Climate Warming on the Terms of Basic Phenological Phases in the Population of Spermophilus pygmaeus Pallas, 1778 (Rodentia, Mammalia) on the Territory of the Yergenin Uplands

The results of a comparative analysis of the terms and duration of phenological phases in the population of the little ground squirrel in the central part of the Yergenin Uplands in the years 1926–1932, 1972–1982, and 2000–2015 are presented. It is noted that in the years 1926–1932 all the main phenological life phases of populations of the little ground squirrel took place exclusively during the spring–summer period (March–August). It is proved that in the period 2000–2015, under the influence of modern climate warming, the emergence of the population of the small gopher out of hibernation began to be noted during the winter months (January–February) compared to 1926–1932. The beginning and end of the pregnancy period was recorded between the first ten-day period of February and the third ten-day period of March. Accordingly, preparation for hibernation (fattening) of adult animals began to occur also at an earlier date (March, April) and ended mainly in May. The first appearance of young of the little ground squirrel on the surface and their dispersal began to take place in April–May. The mass hibernation of young ground squirrels was recorded in late June–early July. At the same time, a tendency to increase was noted in comparison with the period 1926–1932 of the total duration of the hibernation period of young animals (July–January or February). A decrease in the intensity of fodder migrations of adult ground squirrels to lowering of the relief was also noted.

La vivienda vernácula en Burkina Faso: transformaciones de los modos de habitar de las culturas del Sahel

Burkina Faso es un país de África subsahariana con un alto índice de pobreza que, al igual que otros países del Sahel, ha triplicado su población en el último medio siglo, al pasar de 4.5 a 18 millones de habitantes. Estos cambios demográficos, unidos a las migraciones y a la importación de nuevos materiales de construcción, han modificado los modos de vida tradicionales. Como resultado, las nuevas tipologías de viviendas que se están implantando masivamente en la periferia de las ciudades difieren en gran medida de la arquitectura tradicional. Tras varias estancias de larga duración y seis meses de trabajo de campo, se analizan diferentes modos de habitar de las culturas mossi y peul. Los resultados muestran que la introducción de la propiedad de la tierra, la especulación en el sector constructivo y la cada vez mayor escasez de recursos naturales están obligando a estas culturas a modificar sus modos de vida.

Migration research issues in Asia

Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study is to highlight the issues confronted during research on migration from Asian perspectives. In addition, the study aims to convince the research dimensions to be in line with the issues of the current environment. Approach: A quantitative approach is perceived to be an ideal technique to be employed for this research study since most of the data has been acquired from the secondary work done by different research fellows on the subject. Descriptive analysis has been presented on the work earlier done and also focused on the gap for the incumbent studies. Findings: Intense migration occurred over the last three decade in Asia, this article’s area of concern on research conduction of international labor in Asia. This article covers research carried out in the late twenty-first century. The rising implication called for highlighting the Asian migration phenomena. The rising implication called for highlighting the Asian migration phenomena. It is evident by present work on the literature on migration, the development of research, and the development of research networks in the region. It is suggested that increased efforts should focus on the establishment of a link between internal and international migration in spite of more work on migration phenomena in the region. Conclusion: It is concluded that migration in Asia is a significant phenomenon, and if it continues, will hurt the associated nations due to brain drain.

Демографическое и социально-экономическое развитие моногородов Урала: проблемы и пути решения

Analyzed is one of the most relevant “big challenges” for Russia is the exhaustion of opportunities for economic growth. That is largely due to ineffective system of spatial organization of the country’s economy and low connectivity of its regions. Disproportions in distribution of productive forces and, in particular, of population, reinforces already existing very high degree of socio-economic differentiation of country’s regions, complicates development of resource centers and Eastern territories, creates shortage of demand in labor market and overconcentration of resources in European part of Russia. The model for development of 15–20 agglomerations that can compete with each other for human capital and form an alternative to Moscow and St. Petersburg agglomerations on national scale, is seen as common project for optimizing trends in spatial development and the system of settlement of the country, presented by leading economists and statesmen. However, implementation of this project may have various negative scenarios and serious socio-economic risks for small and single-industry cities of Russia, which explains relevance of a systematic study and modeling of possible scenarios, as well as socio-economic effects on development of new agglomerations. Single-industry cities are important structural element of the settlement system and economy of the country. The main production and economic basis for development of single-industry towns are their city-forming enterprises, often with unique industries, technologies and personnel base. However, in the current period of time significant part of single-industry towns in Russia is experiencing serious socio-economic and demographic problems, expressed in intensive migration and natural population decline, decrease in economic potential of city-forming enterprises, increase in unemployment and social tension. Solution to demographic and social problems of single-industry towns directly depends on development of city-forming economy. Presented article examines trends in socio-economic and demographic development of mono-cities in Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk regions, and also presents recommendations for overcoming of corresponding problems.

Experimental Study of the Effect of Biological Matrixes with Stabilized and Non-Stabilized Platelets on Reparative Process in the Wound Equivalent to Deep Burn.

We studied reparative effect of platelet-filled biological matrixes in the treatment of mice with wounds equivalent to deep burn. The wound coatings were based on decellularized dermal matrix without platelets (control), with native platelets, and with platelets stabilized with 2.5 μM nanosilver. In 3 days, the epithelial layer and derma were absent in all groups and extensive scab was formed. Dermal matrix with platelets simulated intensive migration of macrophages and fibroblasts to the wound bottom; in the control group, this migration was absent. In 14 days, granulation tissue appeared in the wound bottom in animals of all groups; in the experimental groups, the number of vessels was 2-4-fold higher than in the control, though the number of inflammatory cells in experimental groups remained high. On day 21, the scab on the most of the wound area was absent in all animals of the experimental groups and epithelialization and hair growth were pronounced, comparing to control. Nevertheless, in experiment dermal layer was not already completed, inflammation reaction remained.

CULTURAL AND SPATIAL CHANGES CAUSED BY INTENSIVE MIGRATION IN URBAN AREAS; EVIDENCE FROM HATAY, TURKEY

In the case of mass migration, mostly refugees try to synthesize their own culture and lifestyle into the culture and lifestyle of the country in which they migrate. Since the civil war in Syria started in 2011, almost every region of Turkey has been exposed to intense migration of Syrian refugees. Hatay, one of the cities on the Syria border, has received approximately 500.000 refugees which causes significant spatial and social changes in city structure. Refugees have created cheap labor in Hatay in many work areas, which caused economic problems by reducing the income of citizens living and working in that region. The increase in rents and the spread of the population from the center to the periphery of the city led to serious urban problems. The aim of this study was to examine and create a number of maps to indicate how uncontrolled migration affects the cultural, economic and urban change of the city over time (2009-2019). Landsat satellite images, which are obtained by remote sensing techniques, were processed in image processing software; therefore social, economic, cultural and urban changes were discussed with the result data generated by applying several image classification methods. Important issues such as urban identity, zoning, destruction of historical values, alienation of local people from the region attract attention. For example, Arab signs rising from shops and Arab music make the streets look like a small Syrian. Citizens who follow these developments closely and now accept the reality of Syria have complained that British names were once placed in stores in the city, now points out that Arabic signboards have increased.

Associations of Synoptic Weather Conditions With Nocturnal Bird Migration Over the North Sea

The southern North Sea is part of an important flyway for nocturnal bird migration, but is also risky as it stretches over a large surface of water. Selecting nights with suitable weather conditions for migration can be critical for a bird’s survival. The aim of this study is to unravel the weather-related bird migration decisions, by providing a descriptive analysis of the synoptic weather conditions over the North Sea on nights with very high and low migration intensities and compare these conditions to the prevailing climatology. For this study, bird radar data were utilized from an offshore wind farm off the Dutch coast, in the North Sea. The study suggests that atmospheric conditions clear of rain and frontal systems, dominated by high pressure systems and tailwinds in spring and sidewinds in autumn are most suitable for nights of intense migration. Differences in temperature, relative humidity and cloud cover appear less significant between intense and low migration nights, suggesting that these variables exert only a secondary role on migration. We discuss how future developments in radar aeroecology and the integration of meteorology can help improve our ability to forecast bird migration.

Winds at departure shape seasonal patterns of nocturnal bird migration over the North Sea

On their migratory journeys, terrestrial birds can come across large inhospitable areas with limited opportunities to rest and refuel. Flight over these areas poses a risk especially when wind conditions en route are adverse, in which case inhospitable areas can act as an ecological barrier for terrestrial migrants. Thus, within the east‐Atlantic flyway, the North Sea can function as an ecological barrier. The main aim of this study was to shed light on seasonal patterns of bird migration in the southern North Sea and determine whether departure decisions on nights of intense migration were related to increased wind assistance. We measured migration characteristics with a radar that was located 18 km off the NW Dutch coast and used simulation models to infer potential departure locations of birds on nights with intense nocturnal bird migration. We calculated headings, track directions, airspeeds, groundspeeds on weak and intense migration nights in both seasons and compared speeds between seasons. Moreover, we tested if departure decisions on intense migration nights were associated with supportive winds. Our results reveal that on the intense migration nights in spring, the mean heading was towards E, and birds departed predominantly from the UK. On intense migration nights in autumn, the majority of birds departed from Denmark, Germany and north of the Netherlands with the mean heading towards SW. Prevailing winds from WSW at departure were supportive of a direct crossing of the North Sea in spring. However, in autumn winds were generally not supportive, which is why many birds exploited positive wind assistance which occurred on intense migration nights. This implies that the seasonal wind regimes over the North Sea alter its migratory dynamics which is reflected in headings, timing and intensity of migration.

Biogeography and relationships of the Abies taxa from the mediterranean and central Europe regions as revealed by nuclear DNA markers and needle structural characters

The firs (genus Abies, Pinaceae) species are a diverse and ecologically and economically important forest trees. In the Mediterranean and Central Europe, the genus Abies comprises twelve taxa with only partially resolved systematic statuses, and it has been classically divided into the sections Piceaster (fir-type ‘ancestral’ group) and Abies (fir-type ‘modern’ group). We expected that the simultaneous use of nuclear microsatellite (nSSR) markers and a set of morphological and anatomical needle characteristics would clarify the taxonomy and biogeographical history of the genus. Additionally, the level of genetic diversity for particular taxa was estimated. The highest level of genetic diversity was observed in the Balkans. The hypothesis of a decreasing level of diversity from east to west was confirmed.According to our results, the ‘ancestral’ section Piceaster is well distinguished from the ‘modern’ section Abies. The differentiation of ‘modern’ Abies indicated the separation of A. alba, A. nebrodensis, A. cephalonica and A. cilicica, supporting the species status of these taxa. However, admixture between populations and taxa was detected, possibly because of crossbreeding between firs and ancient hybridization events. Anatolian A. equi-trojani, A. bornmuelleriana and A. nordmanniana were closely related and exhibited the highest level of admixture within populations, possibly because of intensive past migrations and crossing, supporting their subspecies taxonomic status. Gene exchange was also detected for some populations of A. cilicica, which are currently spatially isolated from taxa of the A. nordmanniana group. The differentiation detected within A. cilicica supported its subdivision into subsp. cilicica and subsp. isaurica. The same processes are responsible for differences between populations of A. cilicica subsp. cilicica from the Taurus and Lebanon Mountains.

Hygiene – gold standard not only in prevention of COVID-19 infection

Barbara Nieradko-Iwanicka was born in Kraśnik and is currently associated with the Lublin medical community. She is a specialist in internal medicine and rheumatology and a professor at the Medical University of Lublin working as an assistant professor at the Chair and Department of Hygiene. Her doctoral dissertation was entitled “The effect of the combined action of plant protection products and experimental brain hypoxia on memory processes in mice” and her habilitation thesis concerned “The effect of synthetic pyrethroids administered long-term to mice after transient cerebral ischemia on their behavior, parameters of oxidative stress and the functions of selected internal organs”. She is an academic teacher, a supervisor of doctoral and master’s theses and a popularizer of science.

Population Growth in Rural Erciş District (1927-2017) and Factors Affecting Development

ÖZÇalışma alanı olan Erciş ilçesi, Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi Van ilinin kuzeybatısında yer almaktadır. Van gölüne kıyısı bulunan Erciş ilçesinin coğrafi konumu, konumunun sağladığı avantajlar başta Erciş şehri olmak üzere ilçe sınırları içerisinde yer alan kır yerleşmelerinin gelişimini geçmişten günümüze desteklemiştir. Bu çalışmada Erciş ilçesi sınırları içerisinde yer alan kır yerleşmelerinin nüfus değişimleri ve değişime etki eden faktörler irdelenmiştir. Erciş ilçesi, Van İl’inin ilçeleri içinde en fazla kırsal nüfusa sahip ilçesi durumundadır (65.700). Topoğrafi özellikleri bakımından tarım ve hayvancılığa uygun olan Erciş ilçesinde 86 kırsal mahalle bulunmaktadır. Bu mahalleler konumları, ekonomik faaliyetleri ve nüfus özellikleri bakımından çeşitlilik gösterirler. Erciş ilçesinde yer alan kır yerleşmelerinin nüfus değişimlerinin ele alındığı bu çalışmada, nüfus değişimi dört döneme ayrılarak irdelenmiştir. Yani 1927-1960, 1960-1980, 1980-2000, 2000-2017 yılları arasında meydana gelen değişimler incelenmiştir. Nitekim bu dönemlerde Gergili, Doğancı, Ağırkaya vb.bazı kır yerleşmelerinde nüfus azalırken, Çelebibağı, Kozluca, Kocapınar, Kadirasker, Payköy gibi bazı kır yerleşmelerinde ise nüfus sürekli artış göstermiştir. Bunun yanında Erciş ilçesi kır yerleşmelerinde nüfusun değişimi üzerindeki, yeryüzü şekilleri, ekonomik fonksiyonlar, şehir merkezine yakınlık-uzaklık vb. faktörler etkili olmuştur. Erciş ilçesi kır yerleşmelerinde şehir merkezine yakınlık ve ulaşım imkanları da nüfus miktarı ve yoğunluğu üzerinde etkili olmuştur. Ulaşım, eğitim, sağlık ve altyapı koşullarının iyileştirilmesine bağlı olarak dönem dönem bu kır yerleşmelerinin nüfuslarında artışlar görülmüştür. Ancak günümüzde her geçen gün artan kırdan şehre göçler sebebiyle nüfus miktarları oldukça düşmektedir. Kurulduğu alan bakımından gelişime açık olan Erciş ilçesi kır potansiyelinin doğru kullanılması durumunda bu kır yerleşmelerinde görülen yoğun göç olayı da makul seviyelere inebilir. Dolayısıyla ülke ekonomisi bu yüksek potansiyelden daha ileri seviyede yararlanabilir. Örneğin ilçede de kurulacak olan et, süt ve hayvan ürünleri imalathaneleri kır yerleşmelerinin önemini arttıracaktır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Erciş, Kır Yerleşmeleri, Nüfus

Muhajir Waqfs Founded in Bursa (1883-1917)

Osmanlı Devleti, son dönemlerinde Rumeli ve Kafkaslarda yaşadığı askerî yenilgilerin sonucu olarak yoğun göç hareketlerine maruz kalmıştır. Buralarda yaşayan halk, Osmanlı idaresindeki topraklara bilhassa da Anadolu’ya göç etmeye başlamıştır. Osmanlı Devleti, din, mezhep, etnik köken ayrımına gitmeksizin muhacirleri ülkeye kabul etme ve onlara yardımda bulunma şeklinde bir politika ortaya koymuştur. Muhacirler, yeni yerlerine iskân sürecinde devlet ve yerli halkın desteğini görmüşlerdir. Kendileri de bulundukları yeri imar etme, kalkındırma adına sosyal, ekonomik katkıda bulunmuşlardır. Bunlardan biri, hayırsever muhacirlerin vakıflarıdır. Bu makalede, Osmanlı Devleti’nin Kafkaslar ve Rumeli’den aldığı göçler esnasında Bursa’ya yerleştirilen muhacirlerin kurdukları vakıflar incelenmiştir. Konu, muhacirlerin vakıf kurma keyfiyetlerine etki eden dönemin koşulları çerçevesinde temellendirilerek ele alınmıştır. Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü Arşivi’nde konuyla ilgili tespit edilen vakfiyelerden hareketle hazırlanan bu çalışmada özetle; muhacirlerin cami, mescit yapımı ve bunların görevli maaşlarını karşılamaya yönelik nakit birikimleri ile vakıflar tesis ettikleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Muhacirler, kurdukları vakıflarla kendi toplumlarında din hizmetlerinin yürütülmesinde önemli rol oynamışlardır.

Specificity of interethnic integration in Russia’s border region in the period of intense migration processes

The questions of interethnic integration hold the key role in modern research. It particularly pertains to border regions, which are the center of continuous migration flow. Constant change of ethnic and cultural structure of the society requires taking measures on for minimization of negative manifestation of interethnic relations, as well as measures on the development of integration processes in the society. The subject of this research is the specificities of interethnic integration in Russia&amp;rsquo;s border region in the period of intense migration processes. The goal consists in determination of peculiarities of interethnic relations in Altai Krai, specifics of interethnic integration in border region from the perspective of exclusion/acceptance of foreign migrants by the locals. The results of surveys conducted in 2015 and 2019 by Altai State University in the Altai Krai (n=1753) are presented. Application of frequency and factor analysis allowed identifying positive and negative practices of interethnic integration, factors of exclusion and inclusion of foreign migrants, as well as comparing interethnic relations in the region. The scientific novelty of this work lies in description of the specifics of interethnic integration in border region through the prism of exclusion/acceptance of foreign migrants by the local community.

¿Cuántos inmigrantes han abandonado España por la crisis? Un ejercicio de estimación (indirecta) mediante la encuesta de población activa

España recibió uno de los más grandes contingentes migratorios internacionales en los años previos a la recesión económica. El cambio de ciclo podría haber conducido a una intensa salida de los inmigrantes. Sin embargo, utilizando la Encuesta de Población Activa (EPA) se comprueba que esa expulsión en masa no se produce. El trabajo, además, aborda las razones que puede haber detrás de la decisión de los inmigrantes para permanecer en el país, a pesar del empeoramiento de las condiciones del mercado laboral y del deterioro de sus condiciones de vida.