Intelligence Work Research Articles

Transport security in terms of digitization

The authors consider in the article the issue of ensuring transport security in Russia both from the standpoint of the lack of an appropriate approach to formation of educational programs for the training of legal personnel that can meet the “challenges” of scientific and technological progress, and the need for increased attention to the trends of modern scientific research, which serve as a basis for formation of a legislative framework aimed at regulating public relations in the field of fighting crime in this industry. The issue of formation of human resources corresponding to a high level of professionalism, rationality, competence and mobility is indicated by the rapid “complication” of crime in the field of transport infrastructure caused by the development of IT technologies and introduction of robotic controls based on the work of artificial intelligence. One of the solutions to the problem identified by the authors should be creation and implementation of a new training course, the conceptual basis of which should be built on the principle of a modular system, but combine the existing traditional approaches of legal education in order to prepare competitive personnel that can meet the “intellectual challenges” of modern reality, which is a direct reflection of connection between science and knowledge (Scientia est potentia). The publication was prepared as part of the implementation of the state task for 2020. “Transformation of private and public law in the conditions of an evolving individual, society and state” (No. 0851-2020-0033).

Пятидесятнические религиозные союзы Украины как объект оперативной разработки органов НКГБ-МГБ во времена позднего сталинизма (1944–1953)

The aim of the study is to analyze the content of the intelligence work of the Soviet special services, which they carried out among the Pentecostals of Ukraine during the period of late Stalinism (1944-1953). Research methodology is based on a combination of general scientific (analysis and synthesis, the method of inductive and deductive logic) and special historical (historicallogical and system-structural) methods. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the author’s attempt, on the basis of little-known or those that are first introduced into scientific circulation, documents on the work of anti-religious divisions of the NKGB-MGB to highlight the content of their work among the Pentecostals of Ukraine during the late Stalinism (1944-1953). Conclusions. In the period of late Stalinism, Pentecostal religious unions in Ukraine, as in the pre-war years, remained the object of the intelligence work of the Soviet special services. The reason for this was the peculiarities of the Pentecostal doctrine ("mysticism", "spiritual" baptism and glossolalia) and pacifism, which did not fit into the atheist-rationalistic pseudoscientific Marxist-Leninist model of the "ideal" communist society. Given the change in the paradigm of state-church relations in the USSR caused by the Second World War, the NKGB-MGB bodies were also forced to change their methods of work in the religious sphere, including in relation to Pentecostals. Unable to liquidate the Pentecostal religious unions revived during the German occupation in an administrative-operational way, under the conditions of the legalization of religion in the USSR, the NKGB-MGB authorities went for a trick and decided to liquidate them by joining them to the All-Union Council of Evangelical Christians and Baptists (hereinafter ACECB), controlled by the Soviet special services. For the implementation of this plan, the Soviet state security organs for eight years used various agent-intelligence combinations in conjunction with outright repressive measures (in fact, large-scale operations) aimed at adjusting the religious palette of Ukraine and joining the Pentecostals to the ACECB. However, they all proved to be insufficient, as they led to the complete union of the Pentecostals with the Baptists. This circumstance allowed the leaders of unregistered Pentecostals, after the death of J. Stalin and their release from the camps, to continue to petition the Soviet authorities to register their union separately from the ACECB.

A importância da academia, da escola e dos professores para a consolidação do ensino de gramática em três eixos

Este texto pretende resenhar a conferência Ensino de gramática em três eixos: uma questão de ciência, cidadania e respeito linguístico proferida pela Professora Silvia Rodrigues Vieira na série Abralin ao vivo no dia 16 de julho de 2020. Nesta apresentação, a professora destaca como a proposta experimental do ensino de gramática em três eixos se relaciona com o desenvolvimento do pensamento científico, com a promoção da cidadania e com o respeito linguístico. Conforme a proposta, o Eixo 1 pressupõe um trabalho inteligente de sistematização gramatical, descrevendo a linguagem a partir do caráter sistemático das construções. O Eixo 2 reconhece os elementos gramaticais como matérias produtoras de sentido, permitindo reafirmar a desejável articulação entre o ensino de gramática e as atividades de leitura e produção de textos. Já o Eixo 3 propicia reflexões sobre as estruturas que o aluno não conhece – por não pertencerem à variedade que ele domina.

From the perspective of information leakage risk life cycle: Research on high-tech enterprise counter intelligence mechanism model

In order to reduce the harm of High-tech enterprise information leakage, solve the risk management problem of information leakage, and provide reference for High-tech enterprises to deal with information leakage. This paper systematically discusses the counter intelligence flow and counter intelligence work process from the perspective of information leakage risk life cycle by using literature research and theoretical deduction method, and constructs a corporate counter intelligence mechanism model based on information leakage risk life cycle. This study believes that counter intelligence can provide information support for information leakage risk management at various stages of the risk life cycle, and effectively improve the efficiency of information leakage risk management, and also provide a knowledge service model and empirical research for enterprise information leakage risk management in the future, theoretical basis and new research perspectives and ideas. On the basis of this research, in order to further improve the validity of the model, the evolutionary game simulation and empirical research will be used to verify the model to enhance the practical significance of guiding enterprise information leakage risk management.

The Relationship Between Reading Skills and Intelligence in Students With and Without Special Educational Needs in Learning

Reading research shows that phonological decoding skills and intelligence work mostly independent from each other. However, there is a variety of results on the relationship between reading skills and IQ measures. Studies in this field mainly focus on students with reading disabilities (RD) or students with intellectual disabilities (ID) and less on pupils with Special Educational Needs in Learning (SEN-L). We performed a secondary data analysis to evaluate differences in reading skills and fluid intelligence between students with (N = 144) and without (N = 157) SEN-L and the relationship between SEN-L, reading skills, and fluid intelligence. Participants completed a standardized screening of reading skills (SLS 2-9) and a German culture fair intelligence test (CFT 20-R). Students with SEN-L had lower scores in both tests. Correlations between both scores were smaller within the two groups than in the total sample. Implications of the findings are discussed.

Surface Acting Negatively Mediates the Relation between Trait based Emotional Intelligence and Individual Work Performance: An Empirical Study

Surface Acting Negatively Mediates the Relation between Trait based Emotional Intelligence and Individual Work Performance: An Empirical Study

INVESTIGATING MOTIVATION, EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE, WORK SATISFACTION AND ORGANIZATIONS COMMITMENT AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL ISLAMIC EDUCATION TEACHER

There is evidence indicating that most teachers in most school systems are not satisfied with their jobs. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Islamic education teacher motivation, emotional intelligence work satisfaction, and organizational commitment in Ranau district primary schools. Furthermore, the study aims to examine the role of gender and age in motivation, emotional intelligence, and work satisfaction. The participants were selected by proportional stratified sampling and simple random selection. This study adopted a survey research design that utilized an ex-post facto research type in which the researcher used questionnaires to collect data from the respondents. The instruments used are the A Questionnaire Measure of Individual Difference in Achieving Tendency (QMAT), Multifactor Emotional Intelligence Scale (MIES), Job in General’ (JIG) & Job Descriptive Index (JDI) and Organization Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ). A total of 108 Islamic Education teachers (mean age 40.1 +1.2 years; 47 males, 61 female) from 71 primary schools in Ranau District were involved in this study. The data gathered from the respondents were downloaded into the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for quantitative analysis. The results of the study indicate that there is a positive significant relationship between motivation [r=0.905, p<.05)], emotional intelligence [r=0.912, p<.05)], work satisfaction [r=0.913, p<.05)] and organizations commitment. It is also found there is no significant difference among primary school teachers of different ages and gender concerning motivation, emotional intelligence work satisfaction, and organizational commitment. The present study gains significance as the results can assist the teachers and organizations in enhancing the organizational commitment of teachers.

Energy storage emerging: A perspective from the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research

Energy storage is an integral part of modern society. A contemporary example is the lithium (Li)-ion battery, which enabled the launch of the personal electronics revolution in 1991 and the first commercial electric vehicles in 2010. Most recently, Li-ion batteries have expanded into the electricity grid to firm variable renewable generation, increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of transmission and distribution. Important applications continue to emerge including decarbonization of heavy-duty vehicles, rail, maritime shipping, and aviation and the growth of renewable electricity and storage on the grid. This perspective compares energy storage needs and priorities in 2010 with those now and those emerging over the next few decades. The diversity of demands for energy storage requires a diversity of purpose-built batteries designed to meet disparate applications. Advances in the frontier of battery research to achieve transformative performance spanning energy and power density, capacity, charge/discharge times, cost, lifetime, and safety are highlighted, along with strategic research refinements made by the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) and the broader community to accommodate the changing storage needs and priorities. Innovative experimental tools with higher spatial and temporal resolution, in situ and operando characterization, first-principles simulation, high throughput computation, machine learning, and artificial intelligence work collectively to reveal the origins of the electrochemical phenomena that enable new means of energy storage. This knowledge allows a constructionist approach to materials, chemistries, and architectures, where each atom or molecule plays a prescribed role in realizing batteries with unique performance profiles suitable for emergent demands.

A gender history of Hungarian intelligence services during the Cold War

ABSTRACT Based on the examination of the positions and activities of women employees from the interwar period until the 1980s in the accessible archival sources of Hungarian intelligence services, this paper claims that since in intelligence women employees have been deployed as “controlling images” of men. It argues that for women, the intelligence service sector is just like any other paid employment: with time, women were gradually integrated in it; and the level of their involvement reflected the level of women's emancipation in the given society. Women working for the intelligence services had to counter workplace discrimination just like any other female employee in more ordinary jobs. However, intelligence work has an additional special feature: sexism and gender-based discrimination are intrinsic parts of it, because the deployment of femininity as “Otherness” is part and parcel of the trade and the result of deliberate methodological decisions.

Robotic Process Automation — a driver of digital transformation?

Abstract The paper introduces Robotic Process Automation (RPA), which is an emerging and cutting-edge conception of business processes automation, based on the notion of software robots or artificial intelligence workers. The paper is conceptual as it discusses the fundamentals behind this idea, synthesises the knowledge of technology, and presents it in a new context. It is based on the author's considerations and the literature review, which contributes to the insight into the basic understanding of RPA technology as well as systematises and clarifies RPA definitions, identifies market trends, formulates a set of predictions for further development of this technology, and highlights directions for future inquiry. Additionally, logical arguments are proposed for considering RPA as a technology that enables and advances digital transformation. Moreover, criteria are indicated for business processes suitable for RPA. Nowadays, the robotisation of business processes a s innovative technology is more often practically implemented than it is investigated by research. Published papers outline real examples of implemented cases of RPA technology in organisations that mainly represent service industries. These case studies allow identifying possible advantages and risks derived from RPA implementation. Recent studies also report benefits of the RPA application in terms of productivity, costs, service quality, and error reduction. Some authors propose the criteria for selecting processes suitable for automation and robotisation. This paper constitutes a foundation for new research aimed at filling knowledge gaps in this area. Responding to the call by van der Aalst, academic discourse on RPA must be initiated.

Organization, state and activity of criminal investigation units intelligence work in the Middle Volga Region in the first half of the 1920s

The paper reflects the issues of formation and development of the agency work of state security and law enforcement agencies in the first half of the 1920s. The author considers the process of operational work formation of the criminal investigation department. Legal documents regulating the secret work of the Cheka and NKVD bodies are also considered. The categories of criminal investigation agents, the requirements imposed on them, the rules for building and controlling covert work, and the amount of funding are specified. Development and formation of the secret work of central and local criminal investigation institutions is traced on the example of the provincial criminal investigation departments of the Middle Volga region. On the basis of archival documents, the complexity and unevenness of this process in the regions are noted; the main problems (organizational, personnel and material) and the measures taken to eliminate them and improve the secret work are reflected. Materials of all-Russian congresses of NKVD territorial bodies heads show that much attention was paid to the organization of intelligence and operational work. The practical significance of covert work on the activities of the criminal investigation department is considered. The author has analyzed the influence of the received agent information by the Penza provincial department of criminal investigation on the activity of solving crimes in the second half of 1922.

STRUCTURE AND ACTIVITY OF THE «RUSSIAN NATIONAL GUARD OF THE BLACKSHIRTS» LEADING BY STEPAN FENTSIK (1938 – 1939)

Стаття присвячена напіввійськовому формуванню підкарпатських русофілів, відомій як «гвардия чернорубашечников», що діяла протягом жовтня 1938 – квітня 1939 р. Зокрема, розкрито їх розвідувально-диверсійну та пропагандистську роботу проти української та чеської влади в Карпатській Україні, визначено структуру та масштаби організації, а також проаналізовано їх співпрацю із угорською владою. Основний акцент в статті зосереджений на активній проугорській діяльності гвардійців спрямованій на дестабілізацію ситуації в Карпатській Україні. Організація виникла на Підкарпатської Русі у жовтні 1938 р., в період загострення політичної кризи в Чехословацькій республіці і, першочергово, мала на меті допомагати чехословацькій владі у протидії угорській пропагандистській та диверсійній роботі проти ЧСР. Ядром організації стала молодь русофільських громадсько-культурних організацій та члени профашистської Російської національно-автономної партії (РНАП) під проводом Степана Фенцика. З листопада 1938 р. на підконтрольній Угорщині території Підкарпатської Русі були сформовані три осередки організації: в Ужгороді (Радванка), Мукачеві та Берегові. Загальна кількість членства сягала близько 800–1000 осіб, більшість з яких були задіяні в агітаційно-пропагандистській роботі. Іншим напрямком була розвідувально-диверсійна діяльність, яку гвардійці здійснювали переважно у прикордонній смузі. Також, незначні сили чорносорочечників були задіяні в окупації Карпатської України у березні 1939 р. та в репресивних акціях проти українського руху на окупованій території. Фактично, сформувавшись як регіональне молодіжне об’єднання спрямоване допомагати чехословацькій владі у протидії угорській агресії, вже через місяць чорносорочечники були в авангарді гібридної війни Угорщини проти ЧСР. Незважаючи на це, в квітні 1939 р. організація була заборонена угорською окупаційною владою.

Mega-Reward: Achieving Human-Level Play without Extrinsic Rewards

Intrinsic rewards were introduced to simulate how human intelligence works; they are usually evaluated by intrinsically-motivated play, i.e., playing games without extrinsic rewards but evaluated with extrinsic rewards. However, none of the existing intrinsic reward approaches can achieve human-level performance under this very challenging setting of intrinsically-motivated play. In this work, we propose a novel megalomania-driven intrinsic reward (called mega-reward), which, to our knowledge, is the first approach that achieves human-level performance in intrinsically-motivated play. Intuitively, mega-reward comes from the observation that infants' intelligence develops when they try to gain more control on entities in an environment; therefore, mega-reward aims to maximize the control capabilities of agents on given entities in a given environment. To formalize mega-reward, a relational transition model is proposed to bridge the gaps between direct and latent control. Experimental studies show that mega-reward (i) can greatly outperform all state-of-the-art intrinsic reward approaches, (ii) generally achieves the same level of performance as Ex-PPO and professional human-level scores, and (iii) has also a superior performance when it is incorporated with extrinsic rewards.

“The Cat’s Paw of Dictatorship”: Police Intelligence and Self-Rule in the Gold Coast, 1948–1952

ABSTRACT In 1948, British authorities in the Gold Coast implemented a series of security reforms aimed at resisting future disruptions resulting from growing discontent with colonial rule. These reforms included the formation of a police intelligence organization, developed in collaboration with the British Security Service. This expansion of the colonial state into intelligence work preceded its first steps toward self-rule, inadvertently making this intelligence program an unintended participant in the process of decolonization. This article examines the foundations of that intelligence network and how it resisted the political exigencies required by the Gold Coast’s entry into diarchy. It explains how British officials arrived at the conclusion that a West African colony required a modern, intelligence-gathering apparatus under the oversight of the British Security Service and how that security system was used to challenge the realization of an independent Ghanaian state under the leadership of Kwame Nkrumah.

Research on the Technology of a Multifunctional Intelligent Rural Work Machine

Based on a full study of the agricultural mechanization market, a three-step strategic development plan for the intelligent rural management machine is formulated. The first generation of our products is now on the market. This rural business machine does not require manual driving, but still requires manual remote field remote control. The research of the project is centered on a cruise intelligent rural operation machine with satellite positioning system. This type of intelligent rural work machine equipped with a navigation system uses GPS satellite navigation, so the positioning accuracy can reach 5 cm. Therefore, we only need to set the work area, and then the machine’s measurement and control system can automatically plan the work route. We change different agricultural implements, such as: harvesters, tractors, pesticide sprayers, etc. After the navigation system is installed on these agricultural implements, the main agricultural operations such as planting, spraying, and harvesting of farmers can be completed automatically, which saves labor costs and improves operation efficiency. This rural work machine truly realizes the precision and intelligence of work.

Factors of Performance for Application of AI Models in GPU Cloud

Introduction. In machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) works, the emphasis is usually on the quality of classification or the accuracy of parameter estimation. If the focus is on performance, then it is also mainly about the performance of the model's training phase. However, with the proliferation of AI applications in real-world problems, the problem of ensuring high data processing performance with ready models becomes more important. By its nature, this problem is fundamentally different from the one of model training: the latter deals with intensive calculations and the former with simple calculations, but large flows of data (files) coming from the network or file system for processing. That is, the typical task of parallel processing with intensive input-output. Besides, in terms of application, the AI module that performs classification, evaluation, or other data processing is a "black box": the cost of developing and training the model, as well as the risks of failure, are too high to handle such tasks in a non-professional manner. Therefore, performance optimization primarily involves the selection and balancing of system parameters. Cloud systems with their flexibility, manageability and easy scaling are the ideal platforms for such tasks. Consider in more detail the task of investigating the factors which affect performance on a single, but notable, pattern recognition sample of a subset of ImageNet image collection [1] classified by the 50-layer deep learning neural network ResNet-50 [2]. The purpose of the paper is to experimentally investigate the factors that influence the performance of a ready-to-use neural network model application in GPU cloud systems of various architectures. Results. Overheads related to microservices and distributed architectures, memory, network, batch size, synchronous and asynchronous interactions are estimated. The complex nonlinear nature of the influence of the system parameters in various combinations is demonstrated.

Article 8 ECHR Compliant and Foreseeable Surveillance: The ECTHR's Expanded Legality Requirement Copied by the CJEU. A Discussion of European Surveillance Case Law

The Strasbourg based European Court of Human Rights has a long record of cases dealing with surveillance, starting with Klass v. Germany (1978). In Klass the Court explicitly accepted the necessity for secret surveillance performed by public authorities in European post-World War II democracies, provided respect of certain victim and legality requirements deduced from Article 8 and 13 of the 1950 European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). After the introduction of this premise, the Court proposes several important guidelines for lawful and human rights compatible surveillance that taken together built up to a comprehensive framework answering equally to questions about power divisions and checks on potential power abuse. Today there is a vast body of case law developed by the ECtHR and the European Union Court of Justice (hereafter: CJEU) that confirms and adapts these guidelines, often in view of addressing recent technology (e.g. GPS surveillance) or institutional developments (e.g. overlap between police and secrete services). In this article we will focus on developments with regard to the legality principle in the context of surveillance in the realm of criminal law and intelligence work by secret services. A more rigorous interpretation of legality principle in post Klass surveillance case law certainly qualifies as one of the most remarkable developments in the European Courts case law on surveillance. In particular, we will show that the strict approach towards the legality requirement enshrined in Article 8 ECHR adopted by the ECtHR in Huvig (1990) in the context of telephone surveillance will be then re-applied in all the following judgments of the Strasbourg Court and even adopted by the CJEU (from Digital Rights Ireland on) in the context of other surveillance practices.

Research on information security in text emotional steganography based on machine learning

ABSTRACT To effectively protect sensitive information, this paper proposes a method of text Emotional modulation steganography based on machine learning. Firstly, we explore an intelligent dynamic expansion method for text emotional lexicon based on deep learning in detail. Secondly, the cosine similarity algorithm is used to combine the two most similar emotional words into emotional word pairs, which is the basis of the proposed approach. Thirdly, we combine emotional word pairs with matrix encoding algorithm to calculate the minimum modification unit, so as to minimize the rewriting of carrier text, and hence improve the privacy, embedding rate and capacity of sensitive information. Fourthly, we evaluate and validate the proposed algorithms through several experiments. Finally, the design of a NoC based organizational covert and secure autonomous intelligent online team work system is carried out. Experiments show that the efficiency, security, concealment and robustness of the proposed algorithms are sound.

ОПЕРАТИВНО-БОЙОВА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ СПЕЦГРУП НАРКОМАТУ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ УКРАЇНИ ПІД ЧАС ВИЗВОЛЕННЯ СХІДНОЇ ЄВРОПИ ВІД НАЦИЗМУ (1944–1945)

The article based on the archive documents explores the features of the creation and operative-combat activity of the special formations of Ukrainian SSR People’s Commissariat for State Security, which were set aside to the occupied by Nazis states of Eastern Europe with the intelligence-sabotage mission. The author highlights the organization and equipment of these formations, their mission, intelligence work for the armies interest, sabotage activity aimed to undermine the rear and enemies communications. In particular the author presents the tasks performance with the aim to create the long-term positions of the USSR’s influents in the region.

Artificial intelligence in the system of electronic justice by consideration of corporate disputes

Trends in the development of modern public relations illustrate a desire to use artificial intelligence in the field of electronic justice. The developed ideas of technological aspects in the work of artificial intelligence do not add up in terms of justice for both domestic and foreign jurists. The unpreparedness of a legislator to define a legal regime of work for artificial intelligence is caused by lack of experience in its use. Implementation of artificial intelligence in the activities of society will show the merits and demerits only after some time. Under the specified circumstances, forecasting the prospects of development for mechanisms of legal regulation in the work of machine intelligence is represented very conditionally. In the present article, possible ways and legal consequences for the implementation of artificial intelligence in the system of electronic justice in Russia on the example of corporate disputes are investigated. The chosen category of disputes is not accidental. By considering corporate disputes, artificial intelligence will allow courts to quickly and authentically establish the essential facts of the case, to check arguments of participants in the process and, as a result, it is essential to reduce the time of acceptance of the objective decision. In corporate relations often an assessment is required of the conscientiousness behavior of participants regardless of the emotional and psychological factors, in particular influencing the work of the judge-person. The understanding of artificial intelligence as a digital program on the basis of its programmers of mathematical algorithms, developing “new” solutions (machine thinking), demands research of algorithms of its work in court, including in terms of optimization of trial and the purpose for establishment of the truth in business. In the work, two scopes of artificial intelligence in court are divided by consideration of corporate disputes: office-work and the general judicial proceedings; assessment of proofs and establishment of legally significant circumstances in a corporate dispute.