Intelligence Function Research Articles

Research of effects of video games on sleep health and cognitive ability

As a new wave of innovative entertainment and media, video games are particularly well-liked among teenagers and young adults, and recent trends show a sharp rise in the amount of time spent playing them. In the modern digital era, video games' pervasive reach has prompted a growing interest in understanding their significant impacts when used continuously. The present paper further delves into the intricate effects of video games on sleep performance, cognitive abilities, and physical well-being, offering a comprehensive exploration of the multifaceted and complex relationship between video games and human health. Specifically, it explores video games' consequences on bodily health, sleeping, and cognitive function through explorations of different research papers and studies conducted. Its found that video games can result in decreased time spent in REM sleep and changes in circadian rhythm. Along with this, prolonged exposure can result in sleep deprivation which can lead to long-term physiological effects on the human body. Video games can both harm and benefit the human physique, as use can aid in increasing fitness in children but chronic use may result in muscle injury and correlate with higher body fat. Many studies found that video game emotional intelligence, behavior, and executive functions in active users.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia during remission induction chemotherapy: a single-center retrospective study.

This study investigated the clinical characteristics, cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features, MRI follow-up, and prognosis of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who developed posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) during remission induction chemotherapy. We analyzed the age, gender, PRES symptoms and signs, cranial MRI findings, therapeutic effect, and prognosis of children with ALL who developed PRES during chemotherapy from January 2010 to December 2013 at the Hematology Oncology Center of Beijing Children's Hospital. Changes in cranial MRI findings were analyzed, and intelligence (IQ) and cognitive function were evaluated using the Wechsler Scale and the Wisconsin Card Score Test after the children completed chemotherapy. There were 850 children with newly diagnosed ALL in this period; 13 (1.5%), 6 boys and 7 girls, developed PRES. All were diagnosed as B-cell ALL. The median age at PRES onset was 7 years (2-11 years). The median day of PRES onset was day 28 (day 17-34) of remission induction chemotherapy. Of the 13 children with PRES onset and seizures, 4 had visual disturbances and 2 had consciousness disturbances. Cranial MRI showed hyperintensity in the subcortical white matter on T2-weighted axial and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images. The lesion locations were as follows: occipital lobe, 12 (92.3%) patients; frontal lobe, 7 (53.8%) patients; temporal lobe, 5 (38.4%) patients; parietal lobe, 3 (23.1%) patients; and cerebellum, 1 (7.7%) patient. There were 8 (61.5%) patients with vasogenic edema and 5 (38.5%) with cytotoxic edema. After treatment, all children recovered within one month, when their PRES symptoms were relieved, they continued to receive chemotherapy. However, 1 child (1.07%) died of severe central nervous system infection one year after PRES treatment, and 3 (25%) had recurrent seizures and were diagnosed with epilepsy after three months of PRES treatment. Their cranial MRIs showed cytotoxic edema, which was acute stage on day 15, with aggravated lesions on cranial MRI. The cranial MRI lesions returned to normal at one month in 3 (23.1%) patients, at three months in 6 (46.1%) patients, at one year in 8 (61.5%) patients, and at two years in 12 (92.3%) patients. The 12 surviving children all returned to school, and their full-scale, verbal, and performance IQs were normal, with no significant differences in intelligence or cognitive function compared with children with ALL without PRES during the same period. PRES can occur during remission induction chemotherapy treatment of children with ALL, but the incidence is low. Cranial MRI can be used for diagnosis and to characterize lesions. The children recover about a month after treatment, and cranial MRI lesions return to normal within two years. The time for complete resolution of MRI lesions differs, and children with cytotoxic edema have worse prognosis with sequelae, such as epilepsy, which requires close monitoring. PRES does not affect intelligence or cognitive development.

Investigating the impact of artificial intelligence on human resource functions in the health sector of China: A mediated moderation model

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the way human resources (HR) functions are carried out in the health sector of China. This study aims to scrutinize the impact of artificial intelligence on the human resource functions operating in the healthcare sector through technological awareness, social media influence, and personal innovativeness. Additionally, this study examines the moderating role of perceived risk between technological awareness and human resources functions. An online questionnaire was administered to human resources professionals in the health sector of China to gather data from 363 respondents. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), a statistical procedure, is implemented to investigate the hypothesis of the projected model of artificial intelligence and human resource functions. The research findings reveal that artificial intelligence significantly influences human resource functions through technological awareness, social media influence, and personal innovativeness. Furthermore, perceived risk significantly moderates the relationship between technological awareness and human resource functions. The findings of this study have important implications for HR practitioners and policymakers in the health sectors of China, who can leverage artificial intelligence technologies to optimize and improve organizational performance. However, its adoption needs to be carefully planned and managed to reap the full benefits of this transformative technology.

89 The Neuropsychology of Complex Homelessness

Objective:Although the cognitive profiles of people experiencing homelessness have been described in the literature, the neuropsychological profile of people experiencing complex homelessness has not been delineated. Complex homelessness is homelessness that continues despite the provision of bricks and mortar solutions. People experiencing complex homelessness often have an array of physical health, mental health, substance use, neurodevelopmental and neurocognitive disorders. The present study aimed to delineate the neuropsychological profile of people experiencing complex homelessness and explore the utility of neuropsychological assessment in supporting this population.Participants and Methods:19 people experiencing complex homelessness in Sydney, Australia, were consecutively referred by specialist homelessness services for neuropsychological assessment. They underwent comprehensive assessment of intelligence, memory and executive functioning and completed questionnaires to screen for the presence of ADHD, PTSD, depression, anxiety and stress. A range of performance validity measures were included. Referrers were asked to complete questionnaires on history of childhood trauma, psychological functioning, drug and alcohol use, functional cognitive abilities, homelessness factors, personality, risk of cognitive impairment and adaptive functioning and to note existing or suspected mental health, neurodevelopmental and neurocognitive disorders. Referrers also completed a post-assessment pathways questionnaires to identify whether the neuropsychological assessment facilitated referral pathways (e.g., for government housing or financial assistance). Clinicians completed a post-assessment diagnosis survey, which was compared to the pre-assessment known or suspected diagnoses. Finally, referrers were asked to complete a satisfaction questionnaire regarding the neuropsychological assessment.Results:Mean (SD) WAIS-IV indexes were VCI = 81.1 (14.5), PRI = 86.1 (10.9), WMI = 80.5 (13.0), PSI = 81.6 (10.2). Mean WMS-IV Flexible (LMVR) indexes were AMI = 68.3 (19.6), VMI = 77.1 (19.3), IMI = 72.7 (17.2), and DMI = 70.5 (17.6). The majority of participants showed unusual differences between WAIS-IV and TOPF-predicted WAIS-IV scores and between WAIS-IV General Ability and WMS-IV Flexible (LMVR) scores. Demographically corrected scores on tests of executive functioning were mostly one or more standard deviations below the mean. The majority of participants screened positive on screening measures of executive dysfunction, PTSD and ADHD and had elevated self-reported psychological distress scores. At least one new diagnosis was made for nine (47%) participants, established diagnoses were confirmed for two (11%) participants, diagnoses were supported for 15 (79%) participants, tentative diagnoses were made for 16 (84%) participants, and five (26%) participants had at least one diagnosis disconfirmed/unsupported. Referrers indicated that the majority of post-assessment pathways were more accessible following the neuropsychological assessment and that they were very satisfied with the neuropsychological assessments overall.Conclusions:This is one of the first studies to delineate the neuropsychological profile of people experiencing complex homelessness using robust psychometric approaches, including performance validity tests. This population experiences a high burden of cognitive impairment and associated substance use, neurodevelopmental and mental health comorbidities. Neuropsychological assessment makes referral pathways more accessible and is valued by referrers of people experiencing complex homelessness.

49 Examining Associations Between Intelligence and Adaptive Functioning in Adults with Down Syndrome at Risk for Alzheimer's Disease

Objective:Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) experience intellectual disability, such that measures of cognitive and adaptive functioning are near the normative floor upon evaluation. Individuals with DS are also at increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) beginning around age 40; and test performances and adaptive ratings at the normative floor make it difficult to detect change in cognition and functioning. This study first assessed the range of raw intelligence scores and raw adaptive functioning of individuals with DS at the normative floor. Next, we assessed whether those raw intelligence scores were predictive of raw adaptive functioning scores, and by association, whether they may be meaningful when assessing change in individuals with a lower baseline of cognitive functioning.Participants and Methods:Participants were selected from a cohort of 117 adults with DS in a longitudinal study examining AD risk. Participants (n=96; M=40.9 years-old, SD=10.67; 57.3% female) were selected if they had both a completed measure of IQ (Kaufmann Brief Intelligence Test; KBIT2) and informant ratings of adaptive functioning (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales; VABS-II). Multiple regression was conducted predicting VABS-II total raw score using K-BIT2 total raw score, while controlling for age.Results:A slight majority (57.3%) of the sample had a standardized IQ score of 40 with the majority (95.7%) having a standardized score at or below 60. Additionally, 85.3% of the sample had a standard VABS-II score at or below 60. Within the normative floor for the KBIT2 (IQ=40), there was a normal distribution and substantial range of both KBIT2 raw scores (M = 31.19, SD = 13.19, range: 2 to 41) and VABS-II raw scores (M = 406.33, SD = 84.91, range: 198 to 569). Using the full sample, age significantly predicted raw VABS-II scores (ß = -.283, p = .008). When KBIT2 raw scores were included in the model, age was no longer an independently significant predictor. KBIT2 raw scores significantly predicted raw VABS-II scores (ß = .689, p < .001). Age alone accounted for 8.0% of variance in VABS-II raw scores and KBIT2 raw scores accounted for 43.8% additional variance in VABS-II raw scores. This relationship was maintained when the sample was reduced to individuals at the normative floor (n = 51) where KBIT2 raw scores accounted for 23.7% of the variance in raw VABS-II scores (ß = .549, p < .001).Conclusions:The results indicate that meaningful variability exists among raw intelligence test performances that may be masked by scores at the normative floor. Further, the variability in raw intelligence scores is associated with variability in adaptive functioning, such that lower intelligence scores are associated with lower ratings of adaptive functioning. Considering this relationship would be masked by a reduction of range due to norming, these findings indicate that raw test performances and adaptive functioning ratings may have value when monitoring change in adults with DS at risk for AD.

불가리아어 학습자 기반 인공지능 한국어-다국어 학습사전 구축 방법론 연구

What differentiates the learning dictionary developed through this study from existing online learning dictionaries is that learners can always add the vocabulary or sentences they need online, and furthermore, can translate these into their desired second language. It is possible to translate and store in parallel form. Once this first model is completed, it can be developed into the construction of an artificial intelligence-based multilingual learning dictionary. In this paper, the first model has actually been developed and its code and configuration environment are presented in the main text.
 The biggest difference between the existing primary model and the artificial intelligence model is that while the existing model was focused on accumulating and utilizing data through vocabulary-centered multilingual translation, the artificial intelligence learning dictionary collects additional data (mainly big data) to collect learning data. The point is to create a model by separating the and evaluation data. Once the artificial intelligence learning dictionary is completed, it becomes possible to analyze form, syntax, and meaning, and has the advantage of being able to automatically extract and visualize usage specificity, such as frequency analysis. In addition, it is possible to set up artificial intelligence functions such as automatic classification of headwords and application of a recommendation system.
 This paper primarily aims to describe the actual construction of a learner-centered Korean-multilingual learning dictionary using Streamlit and its detailed contents, and then discusses the methodology for building a learning dictionary based on artificial intelligence. Through this learning dictionary, learners will be able to use the vocabulary or sentences they need as data from the beginning of learning Korean, and in this process, the efficiency of learning Korean will be dramatically increased through comparative learning with their native language. If a learner develops into an instructor, it also has the advantage of being able to actively use it as educational content in the teaching field.

Artificial intelligence and internet of things oriented sustainable precision farming: Towards modern agriculture.

Agriculture encompasses the study, practice, and discipline of plant cultivation. Agriculture has an extensive history dating back thousands of years. Depending on climate and terrain, it began independently in various locations on the planet. In comparison to what could be sustained by foraging and gathering, agriculture has the potential to significantly increase the human population. Throughout the twenty-first century, precision farming (PF) has increased the agricultural output. precision agriculture (PA) is a technology-enabled method of agriculture that assesses, monitors, and evaluates the needs of specific fields and commodities. The primary objective of this farming method, as opposed to conventional farming, is to increase crop yields and profitability through the precise application of inputs. This work describes in depth the development and function of artificial intelligence (AI) and the internet of things (IoT) in contemporary agriculture. Modern day-to-day applications rely extensively on AI and the IoT. Modern agriculture leverages AI and IoT for technological advancement. This improves the accuracy and profitability of modern agriculture. The use of AI and IoT in modern smart precision agricultural applications is highlighted in this work and the method proposed incorporates specific steps in PF and demonstrates superior performance compared to existing classification methods. It achieves a remarkable accuracy of 98.65%, precision of 98.32%, and recall rate of 97.65% while retaining competitive execution time of 0.23 s, when analysing PF using the FAOSTAT benchmark dataset. Additionally, crucial equipment and methods used in PF are described and the vital advantages and real-time tools utilised in PA are covered in detail.

FUTURE OF ANIMATION WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Current world is dealing with Artificial Intelligence. Artificial intelligence is as new as Media itself riding on the wave of Artificial Intelligence, the results of Artificial Intelligence is to show the new scope in Indian Media. The term Artificial Intelligence was coined in 1956, but in present time it becomes more popular and it is all because of the technology. A question pops up will Artificial intelligence (AI) impacts the animation industry? Technology is increasing day by day and replaced many jobs that ran to competition within the market, because of Artificial intelligence (AI), will the role of animator remain the same?Animation used to be a very difficult and time-consuming process. Cartoonists and animators had to draw each frame of a movie one by one. Is there a need to adopt new techniques to master the Media Production work with an Artificial Intelligence? Artificial intelligence (AI) is used in almost every field like the media industry, Cinema, cartoons, and animation, and many more. A question arises about how Artificial intelligence (AI) will be used in animation in the future. Whereas Disney is known for using Artificial intelligence (AI) to make storyboard animations just from text. Advancement in Technologies within the animation industry is a continuous process. Therefore, in this research paper researcher has discussed about the future of animation with Artificial Intelligence. Different methods of animations have been covered in this paper. It has been discussed how Artificial intelligence (AI) has affected animation and how modern animation differs from traditional animation. This paper has covered the main function of Artificial intelligence (AI) in animation.

Hybrid approaches to machine learning in software development: Applying artificial intelligence to automate and improve processes

The study on hybrid machine learning approaches is relevant because these approaches have great potential to improve predictive accuracy and software automation, and their use is becoming more widespread. The purpose of this study was to provide recommendations for the use of hybrid machine learning methods and analyse the areas of application of artificial intelligence, which is used to automate and improve processes. Problems related to hybrid approaches to machine learning were identified using the analytical method. The use of the statistical method allowed assessing the development of stability and performance of hybrid machine learning approaches. Features and differences of machine learning in the field of software development are noted. Errors and reasons that are made when improving development processes are analysed. It is established that a comprehensive analysis of the functioning of artificial intelligence is important to assess its effectiveness, development, and complexity of work in automation and improvement of development. The issues of evaluating the work of this type of approach, the expediency of their use, limitations in the process, and the impact of restrictions on the result are considered. It is determined that the use of artificial intelligence in the process of automation and improvement of development processes will improve the quality of resource optimisation. The study offers recommendations that will contribute to the effective regulation of this issue. The practical value of the study lies in the possibility of applying the results obtained to eliminate errors in the development and improvement of hybrid approaches, investigating the reliability of using artificial intelligence, considering various factors that serve as the basis for recommendations on appropriate use

Emotional intelligence, spelling performance and intelligence quotient differences based on the executive function profile of schoolchildren.

The aim of this study was to determine the correlation of intelligence quotient with spelling performance, executive functions and emotional intelligence and to analyse the profiles in executive functions presented by the participants and the differences at the level of intelligence quotient, spelling performance and emotional intelligence. The sample consisted of 125 Spanish primary school students (58 girls and 67 boys) in a rural environment, with a mean age of 10.92 (±.68)years. Intelligence quotient and spelling performance were measured using the BADyG test; executive functions were assessed using the NIH EXAMINER battery and emotional intelligence was assessed using the Bar-On questionnaire. The results show a high correlation of intelligence quotient with spelling performance, executive functions and two emotional intelligence dimensions (adaptability and interpersonal). Two clusters were observed: a high executive functions profile (n = 74, 59.7%), with high scores on all measured variables (working memory, planning, cognitive flexibility, inhibition and verbal fluency), and a low executive functions profile (n = 50, 40.3%) with low scores on all executive functions-related variables. The multivariate analysis of variance (MANCOVA) found variations between the different clusters in the intelligence quotient, spelling performance and interpersonal emotional intelligence variables, showing that students with a higher executive functions profile had a higher intelligence quotient, spelling performance and interpersonal emotional intelligence values. This study could help to better define what kind of teaching methodology favours the development of academic performance in schoolchildren and the connections between important educational aspects such as emotional intelligence and executive functions.

Understanding the Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence, Eating disorders, Blood group and Cognitive functioning among Asian and African University Students

Abstract Introduction - The overall purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence, eating disorders, blood group and cognitive functioning among Asian and African university students in India. That’s how emotional intelligence and blood group type serves as aetiological factors for eating disorders and the degree to which these three Variables influence cognitive functioning among university students. Objectives - The first aim of the study was to determine if any relationship exist between emotional intelligence, eating disorders, blood groups and cognitive functioning among Asian and African Students. Our second aim was to investigate the impact of eating disorders, emotional intelligence and blood groups on cognitive functioning, as well as to find the role of blood groups on aetiology of eating disorders. And finally, to also investigate the role of cultural differences on emotional intelligence, eating disorders and cognitive functioning Methods and Material - The study considered sample size of 120 African and Asian university students at National forensic sciences university (NFSU) who were residing in India and continuing their studies from undergraduate to PhD in all academic streams during the time of the study with ratio of equal African and Asian as well as male to female. Tools used in the study were eating disorders diagnostic scale by Stice, E., Fisher, M., & Martinez, E. (2004), Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT) and Montreal cognitive assessment (MOCA). Results – We found positive correlation between blood group and cognitive functioning with correlation value of .241** at 0.01 significant level. Blood group was also found to be negatively correlated to eating disorders with correlation value of -237** at 0.01 significant level and positively correlated with emotional intelligence with correlation value of .187* at 0.01 significant level. We also found that, cognitive functioning was negatively correlated to eating disorders with correlation value of -.842** and positively correlated to emotional intelligence with correlation value of .781. ** This reveals that, people who are having eating disorders are more likely to perform poorly in cognitive functioning. Our results also shows that, emotional intelligence was negatively correlated to eating disorders with correlation value of -.745.** This can be interpreted as people who have high emotional intelligence are of low risk of developing eating disorders compare to those with low emotional intelligence. Finally, we also found significant difference between Asian and African students on the basis of emotional intelligence level, cognitive functioning and eating disorders. Conclusion - In conclusion, the result of this study shows that, there is a correlation between emotional intelligence, eating disorders, blood groups and cognitive functions. Also, Asian and African students differ on emotional intelligence level, cognitive functioning and eating disorders. But emotional intelligence, eating disorders and cognitive functioning is not dependent on different academic level. That’s no significant difference was found between different academic level, that’s undergraduate, post-graduate and PhD on eating disorders, emotional intelligence and cognitive task Keywords: Emotional intelligence, blood group, eating disorders, cognitive functioning, Asian and African student

POSSIBILITIES OF MODERN COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN CREATING FINE ART OBJECTS

This article explores the possibilities of current technologies with the addition of artificial intelligence to the creation of different types of creative arts. The scope of application of artificial intelligence technology in the formation and creation of creative objects has been explored. The main advantages of using artificial intelligence in creating creativity are identified. Attention is paid to the methods and fundamentals of shaping and creating creative objects, artificial intelligence in comparison with humans. The main functions and capabilities of neural networks in creating and generating a concept for a creative product have been studied. The shortcomings and imperfections in the creation and formation of a work of art using modern artificial intelligence technologies have been identified. The question of the genius and uniqueness of human thought is considered in the search for primary ideas and the creation of a concept in comparison with algorithms for the formation of ideas made using computer technology and neural networks. The current range of artificial intelligence functions has been analyzed, which can help simplify most of the tasks required when creating primary visualization, a sketch part for the subsequent implementation of a design project. The algorithm and its features of forming a query are considered to obtain the final visualization and the product of artificial intelligence. The relevance of artificial intelligence and its influence on the development of creativity in various fields of art is considered. The factor of influence of computer technologies and neural networks on the media space and society as a whole has been identified. The relevance of the discussion on the impact of artificial intelligence and neural networks on the labor market is analyzed. The functions and capabilities of artificial intelligence are examined in detail, based on the current “Midjorney” neural network. The influence of the neural network on the scope of activity of interior designers and the formation of internal spaces is considered. The methods of using a neural network in the formation of landscape design and urban planning are discussed in detail. The range of applications and possibilities of artificial intelligence in the creation of fine art and sculpture has been explored.

Intensive course of ukrainian language as a foreign language as a cultural intelligence achievement

Teaching the Ukrainian language as a foreign language at Ukrainian universities of medical and natural sciences is currently at the stage of forming the main methodological and educational principles. The purpose of the article is to outline and clarify the basic principles of language education in the conditions of an intensive course and to refine the function of cultural intelligence in this process. Considering the methodological and pedagogical situation in terms of "supply and demand", we have a rather small corpus of educational and methodological literature on the Ukrainian language as a foreign language, which forms the novelty of the article. These problems of a general nature are related to the relatively short history of teaching the discipline in our country. However, alongside the general and organizational problems of teaching the Ukrainian language to foreign citizens, there are highly specialized tasks today. Current special problems of teaching include the following: comparing the "discipline", "subject" and "course" of the Ukrainian language, the cross-cutting problem of teaching methods for different age and national groups of students, and also the issue of methodological support for teaching. The methodology of the article is based on descriptive and comparative methods. Conclusions. It should be noted that when interacting with representatives of their own culture, people intuitively use a set of social signals, most of which are unconscious. On the contrary, when a person encounters a new culture, the signals and information that worked before lose their meaning. In new cultural situations, there is a feeling that the behavior of others is incomprehensible. People with highly developed cultural intelligence are able to analyze such situations and make appropriate adjustments to their attitudes and behavior in the context of different cultures. Such an analysis and correction of one's own behavior helps the formation of a single conscious complex of characteristics that make up cultural intelligence, which is qualitatively formed and determined during the study of an intensive course of the Ukrainian language as a foreign language.

Attention and neurodevelopment in young children who are HIV-exposed uninfected

ABSTRACT Children HIV-exposed, uninfected (CHEU) are at risk for compromised developmental outcomes. Attention is important for behavioural, cognitive and academic skills, yet has not been thoroughly investigated compared to children HIV-unexposed uninfected (CHUU). Fifty-five CHEU and 51 CHUU children were recruited at 5.5 years of age. Measures of inattention (IA), hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) and total scores were collected using the parent-reported ADHD-Rating-Scale-IV. Measures of intelligence, visuomotor skills, academics and adaptive functioning were obtained. Analyses of between-group differences were performed as were correlational and multiple regression models, accounting for maternal education, employment and delivery type. Few children met clinical cut-offs for probable ADHD (3.6% CHEU, 2.0% CHUU), and no group differences in measures of IA, HI and combined scores were found. CHEU scored significantly lower than CHUU on intelligence, visuomotor function, academic skills and aspects of adaptive behaviour, though within age expectations. Lower Full-Scale IQ and Processing Speed were associated with higher IA in CHEU and lower adaptive functioning with higher IA in CHUU. Across both groups, children of unemployed mothers had more HI symptoms. CHEU were not at increased risk for attention difficulties at 5.5 years of age. Maternal employment status highlights the contribution of sociodemographic factors in shaping behaviour and neurodevelopment.

Olfactory training effects in children after mild traumatic brain injury

ABSTRACT Objective Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) might impair the sense of smell and cognitive functioning. Repeated, systematic exposure to odors, i.e., olfactory training (OT) has been proposed for treatment of olfactory dysfunctions, including post-traumatic smell loss. Additionally, OT has been shown to mitigate cognitive deterioration in older population and enhance selected cognitive functions in adults. We aimed to investigate olfactory and cognitive effects of OT in the pediatric population after mTBI, likely to exhibit cognitive and olfactory deficits. Methods Our study comprised 159 children after mTBI and healthy controls aged 6–16 years (M = 9.68 ± 2.78 years, 107 males), who performed 6-months-long OT with a set of 4 either high- or low-concentrated odors. Before and after OT we assessed olfactory functions, fluid intelligence, and executive functions. Results OT with low-concentrated odors increased olfactory sensitivity in children after mTBI. Regardless of health status, children who underwent OT with low-concentrated odors had higher fluid intelligence scores at post-training measurement, whereas scores of children performing OT with high-concentrated odors did not change. Conclusion Our study suggests that OT with low-concentrated odors might accelerate rehabilitation of olfactory sensitivity in children after mTBI and support cognitive functions in the area of fluid intelligence regardless of head trauma.

The short and long-term effects of a lifestyle intervention in children with mental illnesses: a randomized controlled trial (Movementss study)

BackgroundA lifestyle including poor diet, physical inactivity, excessive gaming and inadequate sleep hygiene is frequently seen among Dutch children. These lifestyle behaviors can cause long-term health problems later in life. Unhealthy lifestyle and poor physical health are even more prevalent among children with mental illness (MI) such as autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, depression, and anxiety. However, research on lifestyle interventions among children with MI is lacking. As a result, there are currently no guidelines, or treatment programs where children with MI and poor lifestyle can receive effective support. To address these issues and to provide insight into the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions in children with MI and their families, the Movementss study was designed. This paper describes the rationale, study design, and methods of an ongoing randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing the short-term (12 weeks) and long-term (1 year) effects of a lifestyle intervention with care as usual (CAU) in children with MI and an unhealthy lifestyle.MethodsA total of 80 children (6–12 years) with MI according to DSM-V and an unhealthy lifestyle are randomized to the lifestyle intervention group or CAU at a specialized child and adolescent mental hospital. The primary outcome measure is quality of life measured with the KIDSCREEN. Secondary outcomes include emotional and behavior symptoms, lifestyle parameters regarding diet, physical activity, sleep, and screen time, cognitive assessment (intelligence and executive functions), physical measurements (e.g., BMI), parenting styles, and family functioning, prior beliefs, adherence, satisfaction, and cost-effectiveness. Assessments will take place at the start of the study (T0), after 12 weeks (T1), six months (T2), and 12 months of baseline (T3) to measure long-term effects.DiscussionThis RCT will likely contribute to the currently lacking knowledge on lifestyle interventions in children with MI.Trial registrationtrialsearch.who.int/ NL9822. Registered at November 2nd, 2021.

Policy Note: Mental Accounts and Water Prices

Raising the price of municipal water services is highly fraught in many countries due to the political pressures to keep water bills affordable. As a result, most countries fail to recover the full costs of water provision, a problem made worse by an underestimation of the real cost of providing water. The case of Singapore illustrates that this problem is in part due to “mental accounting,” which is consistent with Lasswell’s concept of an “intelligence function.” Situating an understanding of this intelligence function within the Singapore water case gives a better understanding of the reluctance to raise water prices.

The problem of the Influence of Professional Reflection of Teachers of Preschool Educational Establishments on the Qualities of their Social Intelligence

the purpose of our article is: to investigate the problem of the influence of professional reflection of teachers of preschool educational establishments on the qualities of their social intelligence; according to the results having been ob-tained in the experiment to describe the structure of social intelligence of teach-ers of preschool educational establishments methods of the research. The following theoretical methods of the research were used to solve the tasks formulated in the article: a categorical method, structural and functional methods, the methods of the analysis, systematization, modeling, generalization. Also, in our research we used such empirical methods as statement study and molding experiment. With the aim to diagnose the level of the development of social intelligence of teachers we used the test of J. Gilford and M.O’ Sullivan “Research of Social Intelligence”, adapted by E.S. Mikhailova (Гилфорд & О’Салливен, 2021).the results of the research. We think, that the functioning of social intel-ligence as a group of abilities and capabilities of the individual takes place at three levels, which allow us to reflect the dynamic nature of this phenomenon. In the structure of social intelligence we distinguish the potential level, which contains the potential abilities and possibilities of the individual, which are at the stage of the development with the name “the actual level”, which includes the abilities and possibilities of the person. This level has a normative (medium and a high) level of its development, and the effective level, which contains such personality’s characteristics that highlight the peculiarities of the explanation of these abilities in the sphere of cognitive activity of the person.conclusions. We proved, that a variety of characteristics directly related to the social intelligence of the person, reflects its diverse peculiarities. At the same time, in defining these characteristics that predetermine the development of social intelligence, there are a number of common points. First of all, they are interpreted as the ability, therefore, directly interrelated with certain activities. Secondly, the subject of these abilities is the possibility of the person to establish connections between events in which actors are other people. Thirdly, in wha­tever context social intellect was described in scientific theories and concepts, it is in any case presented as a rather complex structural formation consisting of different abilities and possibilities. Also, the accuracy of the understanding of other people, the adequacy of interpretation, prediction and reflection are the main indicators of the presence or absence of the person’s ability to solve tasks in order to establish the relationship between events in the subject­subject com-munication and interaction

Возможности использования искусственного интеллекта для повышения мотивации студентов к изучению иностранных языков в вузе

The article discusses topical issues of increasing the motivation of students of non-linguistic universities to learn a foreign language. According to the article, the definition of “motivation” is given, its types are consid-ered, the importance of the subject’s interest for the successful learning of a foreign language in the university is noted. Consideration is given to such a concept as “foreign-language anxiety”. The article describes the re-sults of a study of the motivation to learn a foreign language of students of a non-linguistic university, character-izes the factors that impede and contribute to the motivated study of a foreign language by university students. The functions of artificial intelligence (AI), which can be used in teaching foreign languages, the possibilities of using digital tools (neural networks, chat-bots, virtual reality technologies) have been identified to increase the motivation to learn a foreign language among university students and reduce their foreign language anxiety.

RTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HOSPITALITY: PLACE OF INTEGRATION, SPECIFIC USE AND IMPACT ON BUSINESS REVENUES

The use of artificial intelligence in various areas of business has become the basis of successful competitive business. It is widespread in all spheres of economic activity, in various areas of business and serves as an indispensable assistant in the everyday life of every person. The prevalence of its use is so versatile that we do not always even realize who we are talking to and who performs certain functions. Chat-bots have become commonplace without which the activity of any company cannot be imagined. Artificial intelligence video games are an everyday entertainment tool. The face recognition function is used not only in business activities, but also in the everyday life of every person when using this function on the phone when identifying in various mobile applications. Self-driving cars, the work of which is based on artificial intelligence, trajectory planning, recognition of obstacles, development of the most optimal route - this is all a function performed by artificial intelligence. Work with voice applications (Alexa, Siri, Google Assistant, targeted advertising) is based on artificial intelligence. That is, the main function of artificial intelligence is the ability to generate processes performed by human intelligence. The teachings of John McCarthy, in the process of researching the ability of the computer to learn (1956), changed the course of human development, business development and transformed the era of industrialism into the era of knowledge and human intelligence (the era of postindustrial development). The functionality of artificial intelligence is so wide that it can also be used to work on the technological process of interaction with customers. Artificial intelligence performs audience segmentation, forms recommendations and optimizes production processes in marketing companies. In the process of analyzing the SEO strategy, artificial intelligence contributes to search optimization, the development of decision algorithms within the framework of the development strategy. When using artificial intelligence in the production security system, an array of data from cameras and sensors is analyzed, constantly compared with regulatory data, and an algorithm for the safest management solution is formed. Security against fraudulent actions in the financial and business spheres, customer loyalty research, risk classification and even court cases - all this can be done today by this unique, human-made development. HR specialists use artificial intelligence to select personnel for companies, and education specialists use it to develop training programs for people with special needs, in the training process, as training simulators. The field of hospitality is specific in the integration of artificial intelligence in technological processes, in the management system, in the communication system with customers and in the process of attracting guests. Only with the introduction of innovative digital technologies can hotel and restaurant businesses achieve the required level of competitiveness and economic efficiency.