Integration Of IoT Research Articles

Solar Panel Monitoring System Using IOT

Abstract: The invention of the smart grid goes beyond the traditional notion of a one-way power supply. Developed countries have already begun to adopt smart meters, devices and renewable energy sources. Developing and countries still face power shortages on a daily basis. The integration of IoT and energy systems has revolutionized the world in terms of energy efficiency and real-time monitoring. This paper describes an experimental study of how IoT can power the current/ voltage and power generation of self-contained renewable energy sources. Solar modules can be monitored. This document also describes how to modify the tilt angle of the solar panel to improve the efficiency of the solar panel. Solar modules are monitored via a network system with NodeMCU, Atmega328 IC, Arduino. By carrying out the proposed work at a photovoltaic (PV) power plant, you can simplify the monitoring of solar panels. In addition, monitoring power generation can significantly improve the health of PV systems. Keywords: IoT based Solar Panel, Solar monitoring, NodeMCU,

Colombian agriculture:

This article presents some of the most relevant aspects related to the technological development of Colombian agriculture and of projects that have been carried out in the country in the field of precision agriculture. It also addresses the context of the progress of agriculture 4.0 at the national level and presents possible IoT integration tools and architectures applicable in this field. Finally, the benefits and implications of the development of agriculture 4.0 in the country are highlighted, concluding that its consolidation is necessary to strengthen national agriculture development.

Securing Internet of Things devices by enabling Ethereum blockchain using smart contracts

The development of the IoT is rapidly growing. These IoT devices are mainly deployed to control and report environmental changes, prevent risks, and bring many beneficial services. However, these benefits may open doors to the adversaries in conjunction with security vulnerabilities and privacy issues. In the recent past, Blockchain has been an emerging technology that reaches several use-cases apart from cryptocurrency. For instance, IoT integration with Blockchain implementation yet indefinite required further research because of resource-constrained IoT devices and ledger-based Blockchain protocol design. This paper presents the systematic implementation of securing IoT devices by enabling the Ethereum Blockchain smart contract. The results show that the collected information is securely stored in the Blockchain after successful authentication. Practical Application: Blockchain innovations have the power to transform manufacturing, construction, healthcare and building supply chains by eliminating the middleman, streamlining operations, improving overall security, and simplifying data management. Onboarding, recordkeeping, client screening, data management, security, privacy, and transaction and trade processing are examples of several practice applications in the financial, insurance, and eHealth services industries. Thus, this study ensures security by enabling Ethereum blockchain and smart contracts in an authentic blockchain applications for building sustainable environments to improve readability and trustworthiness of the transactions.

Injection attack detection using machine learning for smart IoT applications

Smart cities are a rapidly growing IoT application. These smart cities mainly rely on wireless sensors to connect their different components (smart devices) together. Smart cities rely on the integration of IoT and 5G technologies, and this has created a demand for a massive IoT network of connected devices. The data traffic coming from indoor wireless networks (e.g., smart homes, smart hospitals, smart factories , or smart school buildings) contributes to over 80% of the total data traffic of the current IoT network. As smart cities and their applications grow, security and privacy challenges have become a major concern for billions of IoT smart devices. One reason for this could be the oversight of handling security issues of IoT devices by their manufacturers, which enables attackers to exploit the vulnerabilities in these devices by performing different types of attacks, e.g., DDoS and injection attacks. Intrusion detection is one way to detect and mitigate the risk of such attacks. In this paper, an intrusion detection method was proposed to detect injection attacks in IoT applications (e.g. smart cities). In this method, two types of feature selection techniques (constant removal and recursive feature elimination) were used and tested by a number of machine learning classifiers (i.e., SVM, Random Forest, and Decision Tree). The T-Test was conducted to evaluate the quality of this proposed feature selection method. Using the public dataset, AWID, the evaluation results showed that the decision tree classifier can be used to detect injection attacks with an accuracy of 99% using only 8 features, which were selected using the proposed feature selection method. Also, the comparison with the most related work showed the advantages of the proposed intrusion detection method.

A Novel Secure Authentication Protocol for IoT and Cloud Servers

The integration of IoT with the cloud infrastructure is essential for designing smart applications. However, such integration may lead to security issues. Authentication and session key establishment is an essential security requirement for secure communication between IoT devices and cloud servers. For evaluating authentication key agreement schemes, the extended Canetti–Krawczyk (eCK) adversary model is regarded to be a more strict and relevant adversary model. Many schemes for authenticated key exchange between IoT devices and cloud servers have been proposed in the literature but have been assessed under Dolev and Yoa (DY) adversary model. Recently, Rostampour et al. introduced an ECC-based approach for enabling authentication between IoT devices and cloud servers that is secure and robust to various attacks under the Dolev and Yoa adversary model. In this paper, a detailed review and the automated security verification of the Rostampour et al. scheme are carried out under the eCK adversary model using Scyther-Compromise. The validation indicates that the scheme is not secure and is susceptible to various attacks under the eCK adversary model. To overcome the limitation of the Rostampour et al. scheme, a design of an ECC-based scheme for authentication between IoT devices and cloud servers under the eCK adversary model is proposed. The Scyther verification indicates that the scheme is safe under the eCK adversary model. The soundness of the correctness of the proposed scheme has been analyzed using BAN logic. Comparative analysis indicates that the scheme is resilient under the eCK adversary model with an energy overhead of 278.16 mJ for a resource constraint IoT device and a communication overhead of 1,408 bits.

Guest Editorial: Computational Intelligence for Human-in-the-Loop Cyber Physical Systems

The papers in this special section focus on human-in-the-loop cyber-physical systems. Recent advances in computational intelligence, real-time computing and control, have given momentum to Humanin-the-Loop Cyber Physical Systems (HitLCPS) to enable gamechanging communication and collaboration paradigms that operate in connection with humans’ natural behaviour patterns. Despite the ongoing advancement of computational intelligence techniques for analyzing the interactions between the cognitive and cyber domains, there are growing concerns regarding the security, privacy, and safety of humans when they interact with smart cyber physical environments (IoT ecosystems). The large-scale integration of heterogeneous IoT devices to manage and control a wide variety of sensors and settings will hugely increase the attack surface and the scope for misconfigurations. These could lead to unsafe or conflicting behaviour of various devices and subsystems, which in turn, can place the human in unsafe and hazardous situations, both mentally and physically. It is still unclear how to design optimized collaborative systems between people and machines in a scalable manner, how to design triggers for pro-active engagement and disengagement, and how to handle the consequences of implied actions. For example, when the system misbehaves as a result of erroneous data, it is important to have real-time rules that can guarantee a fail-safe state for the HitLCPS. The verification of operations in a large HitLCPS can be very complex due to the evolving nature of human-in-the-loop networks both in terms of physical aspects and the operational environment. Therefore, understanding the semantics of HitLCPS and the context of control behaviour is critical to detect or entirely avoid incorrect configurations and build a proactive resilience and a reactive defence against evolving threats.

Integrating Artificial Intelligence Internet of Things and 5G for Next-Generation Smartgrid: A Survey of Trends Challenges and Prospect

Smartgrid is a paradigm that was introduced into the conventional electricity network to enhance the way generation, transmission, and distribution networks interrelate. It involves the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and other solution in fault and intrusion detection, mere monitoring of energy generation, transmission, and distribution. However, on one hand, the actual and earlier smartgrid, do not integrate more advanced features such as automatic decision making, security, scalability, self-healing and awareness, real-time monitoring, cross-layer compatibility, etc. On the other hand, the emergence of the digitalization of the communication infrastructure to support the economic sector which among them are energy generation and distribution grid with Artificial Intelligence (AI) and large-scale Machine to Machine (M2M) communication. With the future Massive Internet of Things (MIoT) as one of the pillars of 5G/6G network factory, it is the enabler to support the next generation smart grid by providing the needed platform that integrates, in addition to the communication infrastructure, the AI and IoT support, providing a multitenant system. This paper aim at presenting a comprehensive review of next smart grid research trends and technological background, discuss a futuristic next-generation smart grid driven by artificial intelligence (AI) and leverage by IoT and 5G. In addition, it discusses the challenges of next-generation smart-grids as it relate to the integration of AI, IoT and 5G for better smart grid architecture. Also, proffers possible solutions to some of the challenges and standards to support this novel trend. A corresponding future work will dwell on the implementation of the discussed integration of AI, IoT and 5G for next-generation smart grid, using Matlab, NS2/NS3, Open-daylight and Mininet as soft tools and compare with related literature.

Blockchain and IoT for Personal and Physical Security

The Internet of Things connects intelligent physical objects (things) and people. IoT enables every “Thing” to connect and interact, creating and transferring massive amounts of data. Because IoT de-vices handle so much data, it became necessary to incorporate Cloud Computing, Machine Learning, and Information Modelling. The significant rise in IoT is creating a surge in ICT business. By 2020, 95% of new goods will include IoT at their heart. As can be seen, IoT items will be more pre-sent, raising concerns about their visibility on the internet and legal access to resources. Innovating apps that improve a person's physical and personal life are enabled by IoT, but people's lack of security and susceptibility may lead to serious concerns like home security being penetrated and centralized organisations employing sensitive data being hacked. Blockchain technology is getting widespread interest and investigation because to its remarkable solutions to the challenges connected with the traditional centralized IoT architecture. Because there are so many IoT devices on the mar-ket for enhancing physical and mental health, and overall quality of life, a distributed trust platform that ensures scalability, privacy, and reliability is required. Integration of IoT and BC is a complex task. This research paper's goal is to create an IOT and Blockchain Application Environment that will improve a person's personal and physical existence. Thus, our main emphasis will be on developing a secure and safe Smart Home. Our suggested design uses a hierarchical and distributed blockchain platform to preserve security and privacy while meeting IoT needs. Thus, we have linked home automation with physical health, assuring safety, convenience, and health.

A study on functional capabilities and recent advancements in smart home environment

Smart home systems are designed to improve the comfort of an individual. This environment provides the automated handling of smart appliances using IoT integration into the environment. This smart environment activates the available appliances and device in a scheduled sequence. But, this kind of automation can increase the power wastage. Even in the peak load hours, the electricity usage and cost can be increased. The schedule and resource allocation methods are used in smart home environment to optimize the electricity usage and cost. The sensing capabilities, sensor types, sensor material and its impact on the smart home performance is discussed in this paper. In this paper, a detailed study on smart home system is provided. The study explored the capabilities, limitations and features of smart home environment. Various challenges associated in scheduling and resource allocation are also explored. The recent developments in smart home optimization and scheduling method optimization are also discussed. The features, parameters and contributions of these research methods are discussed in this work. The paper is able to explore the future aspects of smart home optimizations.

Smart Monitoring System for Chronic Kidney Disease Patients based on Fuzzy Logic and IoT

A Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) monitoring system was proposed for early detection of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and anemia using Fuzzy Logic. To determine the heart rate and blood oxygen saturation, the proposed model was simulated using MATLAB and Simulink to handle ECG and PPG inputs. The Pan-Tompkins method was used to determine the heart rate, while the Takuo Aoyagi algorithm was used to assess blood oxygen saturation levels. The findings show that the ECG recorded using the CKD model has all of the characteristics of a typical ECG wave cycle, but with reduced signal degradation in the 0.8–1.3mV region. The heart rate signal processing yielded findings between 78 and 83 beats per minute is within the range of the supplied heart rate. Takuo Aoyagi's pulse oximeter simulation generated the same findings. For real-time verification, the proposed model was implemented in hardware using ESP8266 32-bit microcontroller with IoT integration via Wireless Fidelity for data storage and monitoring. In comparison with the Fuzzy Logic simulation done on MATLAB and Simulink, the CKD monitoring device has 100% accuracy in patient status detection. The CKD monitoring system has an overall accuracy of 99% in comparison with a commercial fingertip pulse oximeter.

The Automated Farmlands of Tomorrow: An IoT Integration with Farmlands

The rapid urbanization and industrialization of the population have resulted in a critical shortage of agricultural land and manpower to meet the growing population’s needs. The future of tomorrow requires impetus through concepts such as IoT Automation in farmlands to meet the increased demand for labour and inspection while maintaining economic efficiency without depleting the environment. Monitoring becomes difficult with a reduced manpower base, which may result in crop failures. The purpose of this paper is to propose how IoT, in conjunction with basic service automation, can be used to influence climate control. Thus, a working model is created using sensors that control the humidity and required temperature conditions, thereby maintaining a suitable growth environment while monitoring and analyzing in real time.

Integration of IoT based routing process for food supply chain management in sustainable smart cities

The rapid growth of population in metropolitan areas has put incremental pressure on urban cities. The centric strategy towards smart cities are expected to cover solution for metropolitan life and ecological environment. One of the significant application areas of IoT in smart cities is the food industry. IoT systems help to monitor, analyze, and manage the real-time food industry in smart cities. In this research, we proposed an IoT based Dynamic Food Supply Chain for Smart Cities which not only ensures the food quality but also provides intelligent vehicle routing as well as tracing sources of contamination in FCM. Furthermore, a smart sensor data collection strategy based on IoT is utilized which would improve the efficiency and accuracy of the supply chain network with the minimized size of dataset and vehicle routing algorithm is introduced and tracing the contamination sources of infected food in the markets. Our proposed model is evaluated with the comprehensive evaluation and used various performance metrics such as tracing accuracy, delay, execution time, and traveling time. The results show that the proposed system outperforms when compared with existing approach.

Design and Evaluation of a Distributed Security Framework for the Internet of Things

The adopters of IoT face challenges with the surging Internet-based attacks on their IoT assets and inefficiencies within the technology. Unfortunately, IoT is overly distributed, still evolving and facing implementation and security challenges. Given the above scenario, we argue that the IoT network should always be decentralized design, and security should be built by design. The paper is the design and construction of a decentralized IoT security framework, with the goal of making emerging IoT systems more resilient to attacks and supporting complex communication and resource sharing. The framework improves efficiency and scalability in IoT, exposes vulnerable subsystems and components as possible weak links to system compromise, and meets the requirements of a heterogeneous computing environment. Other features of the framework including efficient resource sharing, fault tolerance, and distributed storage support the Internet of Things. We discuss the design requirements and carry out the implementation of Proof of Concept and evaluation of our framework. Two underlying technologies: the actor model and the blockchain were used for the implementation. Our reason for choosing the actor model and blockchain is to compare its suitability for IoT integration in parallel. Hence, evaluation of the system is performed based on computational and memory efficiency, security, and scalability. We conclude from the evaluations that the actor-based implementation has better scalability than the block-chain-based implementation. Also, the blockchain seems to be computationally more intensive than the actors and less suitable for IoT systems.

A Novel IoT Architecture for Seamless IoT Integration into University Systems

A Novel IoT Architecture for Seamless IoT Integration into University Systems

Performance Evaluation of a Secured Framework for IoT Based on BlockChain

In the last era the number of internet-connected devices surpassed the human population. IoT integration rate into human world equals at least five times the rate of electricity and telephony. Currently in 2020 the number of IoT devices is around 50 billion smart objects. This great invasion to our live requires extensive efforts for controlling and securing those devices. BlockChain (BC) is a distributed write-only ledger that eliminates the need for third party in securing and verifying transactions between peers. BC is considered the most powerful technique for securing transactions between IoT devices. In this work, a robust and scalable blockchain-based security framework for IoT is proposed. This framework comprises clients, device gateways, and administrators. IoT devices access BC through gateways. Ethereum BlockChain is utilized in addition to Ethereum smart contracts for enforcing a set of rules defined by the system administrator. Finally metrics that fulfill both efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed framework are introduced. In the results section, the proposed work provides robust and scalable security framework for the IoT devices under different attack probabilities in addition to satisfying the conditions of lightweight, transparency, and timeliness.

Integration of Wireless Sensor Network and IoT for Smart Environment Monitoring System

Air contamination, water waste, and radioactive contamination are significant environmental issues. Adequate supervision is needed to ensure economic sustainability through the preservation of a good society. Environmental tracking has become a Smart environment monitoring (SEM) system in recent times, with developments in the Internet of Things and the creation of advanced detectors. This situation evaluates substantial achievements and scientific studies on SEM, including air quality control, water management, radiation emissions, and agricultural practices. A Wireless sensor network and IoT integrated system for Smart environment monitoring (WSN-IoT-SEC) framework are proposed in this research. The analysis will be divided employing SEM techniques applications, and each aim will then be further studied in terms of the detectors, machine learning models, and classifiers operated. A systematic study was carried out based on the study’s evaluated results and patterns, indicating important suggestions and the SEM analysis’s influence. The researchers have discussed objectively how the advancements in mobile technologies, IoT, and wireless sensor networks allow the control of the atmosphere an intelligent monitoring device. Eventually, the concept of rigorous machine learning techniques has been proposed, denouncing techniques and developing appropriate WSN specifications.

Integration of IoT, Data Analytics and Mobile Application towards Digitisation Facilities Management: A Case Study

<p>Facilities Management (FM) industry players must be mindful of the current economic digitisation. It aims to empower the community and industry players with digital skills and digital-based businesses. Positively, this also will benefit FM industry players. Therefore, many FM organisations are starting to take advantage on IoT, big data analytics and mobile phone application in their activities. This paper utilised a literature review to discover the application of IoT, big data analytics and mobile application in FM processes. Then, a case study on Al Nabooda Chulia Facilities Management Co LLC (AN.C) success story as the recipient of Urbanise Smart City Pioneer Award 2017 were cross-examined on the tools they use in digitisation FM. The novelty from the integration of IoT, big data analytics and mobile phone application towards digitisation FM has significantly reducing management costs and improving facilities performance and service quality. The paper highlight an example of digitisation of FM activities that successfully optimising and innovating the current FM practices with the paradigm shift from cost management towards value creation in the future.<strong> </strong></p>

A Survey of GIS and IoT Integration: Applications and Architecture

IoT, as an emerging technology along with GIS, can result in advanced and user-friendly features in Smart Cities. In order to investigate the capabilities offered by these technologies, this paper provides an overview of GIS and IoT integration focusing on applications and architecture. Specifically, this paper starts with investigating the role of GIS and IoT separately and jointly in different domains. Then, a review of GIS and IoT integration studies is provided to examine how GIS could be used in IoT architecture. The results showed that the capabilities of GIS in dealing with geospatial data and attributes along with offering visualization and analyzing tools make it possible to develop an integrated system benefiting from real-time data collection and real-time monitoring provided by IoT. The presented details would assist researchers in future studies on utilizing GIS and IoT at the same time.

INTEGRATION OF INTERNET OF THINGS AND BLOCKCHAIN TO INCREASE HUMANITARIAN AID SUPPLY CHAINS PERFORMANCE

This paper provide an overview of the benefits that the integration of IoT and Blockchain can produce on the Humanitarian Aid Supply Chain (HASC). Consdering the large number of partner involved in HASC, traditional centralized information systems become very vulnerable. In the same sense, the lack of mutual knowledge obstruct the needed cooperation. The joint use of IoT and Blockchain can overcome these problems. Main benefit as well as barriers to this implementation is analyzed, considering the diferent phases of the HASC. KeywordsCovid19, Blockchain, Supply Chain Management, Internet of Things, Humanitarian Supply Chain

CIM And CIM Platform Practical Use in China Review

City Information Modelling (CIM) is becoming an important base model of Smart City and Digital Twin City, which can realise intelligent city design and management. Lately, CIM has become the focuses of urban planning and design studies. Under the influence of building information model (BIM), smart city and three-dimensional city simulation, city-level information modelling, CIM connects different BIM levels integrates the spatial expression effect of GIS. This review introduces CIM development from using generating procedures, such as rules and typological processes, to analyse urban scenarios to form the city full information scene through the integration of BIM, GIS, and IoT. The paper also overviews the technical path of construction with CIM implementation, problems existing in the current practice of CIM technology, including all information of digital and lightweight data, scene fast calls and data standard uniformity, etc. Following the latest CIM progress, the paper puts forward some ways to realise the effective use of CIM in urban planning and design. The further review focuses on big data security, publicity, urban design element and CIM platform practical use in China.