Integral Norm Research Articles

Addressing student non-compliance in AI use declarations: implications for academic integrity and assessment in higher education

This study examines the factors driving student non-compliance with AI use declarations in academic assessments at King’s Business School, where 74% of students failed to declare AI usage despite declaration being a requirement of a mandatory coursework coversheet. Utilising the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) as a framework, the research combines service evaluation survey data and semi-structured interviews to explore how attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control influence compliance. Findings reveal that fear of academic repercussions, ambiguous guidelines, inconsistent enforcement, and peer influence are key barriers to AI use declaration. These factors complicate the declaration process, undermine transparency, and challenge academic integrity. The study extends the TPB model by highlighting the ethical and practical dilemmas posed by generative AI, which blur traditional norms of academic integrity. This research offers critical insights for policymakers, suggesting that clear, consistent, and trust-based policies are crucial in fostering ethical AI use. The findings underscore the importance of transparent communication and supportive institutional cultures to improve compliance. Ultimately, this study informs policy development by evaluating the effectiveness of declaration mechanisms and providing actionable recommendations to promote a culture of academic integrity in the evolving landscape of AI technologies.

From News Rooms to Press Releases- Redefining Public Relations as the New Journalism

This paper attempts to look at the changing geography of public relations as it's fleetly transubstantiating to perform with old journalism. It critically assesses how PR has come a major player in public converse and how these have made their way into the mainstream media stories and eventually public opinion. The paper shall take a critical look at the strategy the PR companies employ to produce popular and harmonious press releases and pitches with intelligencers and the followership, in areas similar as liar, media relations, extremity operation, and the objectification of new media, social media engagement. It also arises the ethical considerations and problems that PR professionals must have, including not getting prejudiced and transparent while representing the interest of their guests. This demonstrates how public opinion can be manipulated and used through the help of PR and the need to uphold the loftiest integrity norms within those professionals working in the field. This study is understood by the literacy areas into the farther direction of communication and PR manipulation, as well as its eventuality.

Ethical Considerations and Fundamental Principles of Large Language Models in Medical Education: Viewpoint.

This viewpoint article first explores the ethical challenges associated with the future application of large language models (LLMs) in the context of medical education. These challenges include not only ethical concerns related to the development of LLMs, such as artificial intelligence (AI) hallucinations, information bias, privacy and data risks, and deficiencies in terms of transparency and interpretability but also issues concerning the application of LLMs, including deficiencies in emotional intelligence, educational inequities, problems with academic integrity, and questions of responsibility and copyright ownership. This paper then analyzes existing AI-related legal and ethical frameworks and highlights their limitations with regard to the application of LLMs in the context of medical education. To ensure that LLMs are integrated in a responsible and safe manner, the authors recommend the development of a unified ethical framework that is specifically tailored for LLMs in this field. This framework should be based on 8 fundamental principles: quality control and supervision mechanisms; privacy and data protection; transparency and interpretability; fairness and equal treatment; academic integrity and moral norms; accountability and traceability; protection and respect for intellectual property; and the promotion of educational research and innovation. The authors further discuss specific measures that can be taken to implement these principles, thereby laying a solid foundation for the development of a comprehensive and actionable ethical framework. Such a unified ethical framework based on these 8 fundamental principles can provide clear guidance and support for the application of LLMs in the context of medical education. This approach can help establish a balance between technological advancement and ethical safeguards, thereby ensuring that medical education can progress without compromising the principles of fairness, justice, or patient safety and establishing a more equitable, safer, and more efficient environment for medical education.

Depth to the minimal surface and radius of the entrance to the black hole

An asymptotically flat manifold is the union of an almost flat region and a compact non flat region. If there exists a black hole, we will call the boundary of non flat region the entrance to the black hole. Also, we will call the distance from the entrance to the outermost minimal surface the depth. We use an integral norm of Ricci curvature to obtain positive lower bounds on the depth and the radius of the entrance. Also we obtain an upper bound of the number of ends from the integral norm of Ricci curvature.

The Ripple Effects of the Illegitimacy of War

Abstracts Recent data show systematic changes in the diplomacy and practice of war. Conquests, peace treaties, declarations of war, and state boundary changes have declined or disappeared. There are still wars, but they are increasingly fait accomplis, and their outcomes are often not recognized as legal. How can we explain this wide-ranging but seemingly contradictory transformation? Existing accounts, such as those based on a territorial integrity norm, do not adequately explain these changes. This paper uses norm dynamics theory to show that all of these changes can be explained as ‘ripple effects’ of war becoming illegitimate as a way to solve international disputes. The kinds of rhetorical justifications states can convincingly give for engaging in violence have changed. States are navigating this changed international social environment through legitimacy management behaviors. The paper specifies three types of ripple effect, Reframing, Displacement, and Consistency-Maintenance, corresponding to changes in what states say, the actions they perform, and how the audience reacts. We show how this theory unifies all of the existing data into a single explanatory framework. We also apply the theory to the decline of peace treaties to show how ripple effects play out in more detail.

Investigating (2+1)-dimensional dissipative long wave system in water waves using three innovative integration norms

This research article investigates the dissipative long wave system in (2+1) dimensions. To analyze this system, three separate integrating strategies were used: the single manifold approach, the unified method, and the generalized projective Ricatti equation method. Novel soliton solutions were effectively obtained by applying these strategies to the suggested model. The resulting solutions are various, including mixed soliton-like solutions, dark solitons, rational solutions, triangular periodic solutions, and combined Jacobi elliptic wave function solutions. Using the aforementioned approaches, an extensive variety of solution types has been discovered for the proposed model. The dynamic character of these closed-form solutions has been adequately demonstrated using both three dimensional and two dimensional graphical representations. This visualization helps to better understand the behavior of the acquired solutions.

Stability from rigidity via umbilicity

Abstract We consider a range of geometric stability problems for hypersurfaces of spaceforms. One of the key results is an estimate relating the distance to a geodesic sphere of an embedded hypersurface with integral norms of the traceless Hessian operator of a level set function for the open set bounded by the hypersurface. As application, we give a unified treatment of many old and new stability problems arising in geometry and analysis. Those problems ask for spherical closeness of a hypersurface, given a geometric constraint. Examples include stability in Alexandroff’s soap bubble theorem in space forms, Serrin’s overdetermined problem, a Steklov problem involving the bi-Laplace operator and non-convex Alexandroff–Fenchel inequalities.

Lichnerowicz Type Estimate for the $p$-Laplacian Under Weighted Integral Curvature Bounds

In this short note, we prove a quantitative lower bound in terms of the dimension and curvature, known as a Lichnerowicz-type estimate, for the first eigenvalue of the p-Laplacian on Riemannian manifolds with a bound on the integral norm of the Bakry-Émery curvature.

Manufacturers' vertical integration strategies in competing three‐tier supply chains with asymmetric customer loyalty

AbstractThis study investigates manufacturers' vertical integration strategies within two competing three‐tier supply chains, focusing on the dynamics of asymmetric supply chains. This asymmetry stems from varying customer loyalties toward two products engaged in pricing and quality competition. By characterizing the equilibrium operational decisions and integration choices, we provide insights into how asymmetric customer loyalty compares and price–quality competition collectively influence the equilibrium channel structure. Our findings highlight that the option for backward integration can lead to an asymmetric equilibrium channel structure, driven by disparities in customer loyalty. In cases marked by significant differences in customer loyalty and a high market demand for product quality, the manufacturer with weaker customer loyalty might unilaterally implement decentralization. This analysis illuminates scenarios where manufacturers diverge from conventional integration norms and offers valuable insights into evolving supply chain dynamics.

The Saavedra Lamas Peace: How a Norm Complex Evolved and Crystallized to Eliminate War in the Americas

Abstracts After the Napoleonic Wars interstate war regularly occurred throughout the Western Hemisphere—until in matter of decades it disappeared. After the 1930s even low-level militarized interstate conflict became less frequent, shorter, and less severe over time. What explains the change in this specific region and historical jucture? We argue that leaders in the Americas identified territorial disputes and foreign intervention as interrelated problems that frequently caused the interstate war. In response, they developed a unique regional norm-complex that bundled together the norms of territorial integrity and non-intervention with the principle of peaceful conflict resolution. This norm complex emerged via Latin American entrepreneurship shortly after independence, cascaded with Pan-Americanism, and crystallized around the signature of the Saavedra Lamas Treaty in the early 1930s. We explain how, why, and when norm complexes develop. We then investigate the evolution and effects of the Latin American norm complex via statistics and within-case counterfactuals. We conclude that interstate war disappeared from the Americas with the acceptance and codification of this norm-complex.

Borders, states, and armed conflicts in Europe and Northeast Asia since 1945: The moral hazard of great-power encroachments

This article discusses the significance of international borders in Europe and Northeast Asia during the Cold War (1945–1989) and after. Using the concept of ‘moral hazard’, the article examines what happens when great powers frequently violate the borders of neighboring countries without suffering adverse repercussions. Norms of sovereignty and territorial integrity are viable only if large countries are willing to uphold them most of the time. The Soviet Union used or threatened to use military force against East European countries on numerous occasions (1953, 1956, 1968, and 1980–1981) with impunity. The Russian Federation adopted a broadly similar policy toward neighboring countries that had been republics of the Soviet Union until 1991. Russian forces in Georgia, Moldova, Tajikistan, Belarus, and Ukraine served as instruments of Russian hegemony in those countries. Until 2014, Western governments made little or no effort to deter or counter Russian military encroachments in neighboring republics. By the principle of moral hazard, leaders in the Kremlin came to believe that they could act with a free hand in the former USSR.

ИНТЕГРАЦИОННЫЕ НОРМЫ В СФЕРЕ МИГРАЦИИ: ПОНЯТИЕ И ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ДЛЯ РАЗВИТИЯ МИГРАЦИОННОГО ПРАВА РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

The purpose of this study is to study the concept and significance of integration norms in the field of migration and their impact on the development of Russian migration law as a sub-branch of administrative law, there is a lack of development of the concept of integration norms and forms of their objectification.As a result of the study, it was revealed that integration norms have a set of specific features that distinguish them from the norms of international and national law, which is due to the very legal nature of their occurrence and the role that they play in achieving the goals of the integration association, which is the Eurasian Economic Union. Conclusion: as a result of the study, a definition of the integration norm was formulated, integration norms in the field of external labor migration of workers of the Eurasian Economic Union member states were considered, their subinstitutional place in the system of Russian migration law was recognized.

Compliance with standards of academic integrity in us higher education institutions

Peculiarities of compliance with norms of academic integrity in institutions of higher education of the United States of America are considered. In US universities, special Departments of academic integrity have been created, the task of which is to monitor compliance with the norms of academic integrity of all those involved in the educational process. Codes of academic integrity have been developed in all institutions of higher education in this country. The codes contain rules and principles that justify decent educational behavior within the community, develop norms that make it possible to prevent manifestations of academic dishonesty. The work of the Department of Academic Integrity is analyzed and its direction is shown. In order to prevent, consider and fix violations of academic integrity, a legal procedure in the form of a document (Charge of Academic Dishon-Form) has been developed in the USA. Academic Integrity Centers have been established in US universities. Such Centers define academic integrity as a set of five fundamental values: honesty, trust, justice, respect, responsibility. The tools used to ensure the culture of academic integrity in the USA are highlighted. For this purpose, an analysis of the educational process of the University of Chicago, the University of California at Northridge, the University of South Carolina, the University of Stevenson in Maryland, the University of Western Kentucky, and the State University of New Jersey was carried out. In US universities, academic integrity is accepted as a norm, which has turned into a traditional, mandatory element of education. The Standards of Conduct in US Universities have been developed for the academic community. These are Codes of Honor. The main institutional means in the USA in the field of academic integrity are shown.

Artificial Intelligence in Education: Use Without Violating the Principles of Academic Integrity

The article substantiates the relevance of issues related to the development of artificial intelligence, which allowed to form a clear understanding of modern AI tools. The prerequisites for the emergence and features of artificial intelligence as an international product are summarized. The author analyzes current trends in the field of artificial intelligence technologies. A list of popular AI technologies is presented and the current state of application of AI technologies by higher education students is determined. The article presents the results of a survey of higher education students of the Faculty of Pedagogical Education of Borys Grinchenko Kyiv Metropolitan University. The peculiarities of the use of artificial intelligence technologies by higher education students are determined. The advantages and negative consequences of the use of artificial intelligence in the education system are considered. The key issues related to the ethics of using AI in accordance with the principles and norms of academic integrity are described.

Chaotic behavior and construction of a variety of wave structures related to a new form of generalized q-Deformed sinh-Gordon model using couple of integration norms

<abstract><p>The generalized q-deformed sinh Gordon equation (GDSGE) serves as a significant nonlinear partial differential equation with profound applications in physics. This study investigates the GDSGE's mathematical and physical properties, examining its solutions and clarifying the essence of the q-deformation parameter. The Sardar sub-equation method (SSEM) and sine-Gordon expansion method (SGEM) are employed to solve this GDSGE. The synergistic application of these techniques improves our knowledge of the GDSGE and provides a thorough foundation for investigating different evolution models arising in various branches of mathematics and physics. A positive aspect of the proposed methods is that they offer a wide variety of solitons, including bright, singular, dark, combination dark-singular, combined dark-bright, and periodic singular solitons. Obtained solutions demonstrate the method's high degree of reliability, simplicity, and functionalization for various nonlinear equations. To better describe the physical characterization of solutions, a few 2D and 3D visualizations are generated by taking precise values for parameters using mathematical software, Mathematica.</p></abstract>

Quality of draft laws in the field of economy: european integration vector

The article examines the issue of the quality of draft laws in the field of business, taking into account the European integration vector. It is noted that as a result of the European integration process in Ukraine, the share of national legislation, which is based on norms adopted at the level of the European Union, is gradually and constantly increasing. It was concluded that the European integration vector has significantly influenced and will continue to influence the national legislation of Ukraine, therefore the developed projects as well as the already adopted laws require a proper assessment of their effectiveness. The association agreement acts as a kind of idea (proposal) of the need to develop an act, which is analyzed by the parties in the field of business. A significant number of adopted European integration norms does not always indicate the quality of adaptation, therefore the systematic analysis of the implementation measures of the EU acquis is an important work for evaluating the effectiveness of policies (legal regulation) and legislation. The effectiveness of legislation indicates the ability of the terminology and structure of the act to implement public policy and contribute to its effectiveness. Adherence to the rule of law principle, which is achieved through the criteria of clarity, precision, unambiguity, stability (predictability) and simplicity of language, helps to create an appropriate design of the act, which is extremely important for determining its place in the legislative system. Professional terminology, the structure of certain market processes, and the peculiarities of control by public authorities indicate the complexity of building the architecture of a project in the field of economic activity and the likely presence of exceptions and reservations. The quality of the project and the law depend on a qualitative examination, which would not be carried out hastily, but with the involvement of experts from different fields and at different levels in accordance with the structure of the legislative process for the purpose of objective assessment.

On the Estimate of Integral Norm of Solution of the Dirichlet Problem for Quasilinear Elliptic Equation

On the Estimate of Integral Norm of Solution of the Dirichlet Problem for Quasilinear Elliptic Equation

Exploring Assignment Plagiarism by Students in Private Colleges in China

This study explored influence factors and solutions to assignment plagiarism among private college students in China. The focus of this study was two: i) To explore the influence factors contributing to assignment plagiarism of Chinese private college students and ii) To explore the solutions to assignment plagiarism of Chinese private college students. This study employed a qualitative method with a case study design and posted a series of one-on-one semi-structured interviews with six graduates from private colleges in China. Twenty-one graduates applied, but only six of them met the criteria. This study adopted thematic analysis to explore participants' responses. This study reported that researchers found ten themes identified in this study of research question one. They are students with weak learning foundations; students expect to receive learning rewards; students hope for better development in the future; students do not judge and understand the standard of assignment plagiarism; lecturers lack guidance and supervision of students; lecturer assignments design is not reasonable; and others. Night themes were identified in this study of research question two: changing students' learning styles, stimulating interest in learning, and advocating independent learning; improving the quality of teaching and learning and laying a solid foundation for students after graduation; strengthening education on academic integrity and academic norms; improve lecturers' academic advising and supervisory skills; reasonable setting of assignments and establishment of good rules for assignment management and evaluation; and so on.

Research misconduct in hospitals is spreading: A bibliometric analysis of retracted papers from Chinese university-affiliated hospitals

Abstract Purpose The number of retracted papers from Chinese university-affiliated hospitals is increasing, which has raised much concern. The aim of this study is to analyze the retracted papers from university-affiliated hospitals in mainland China from 2000 to 2021. Design/methodology/approach Data for 1,031 retracted papers were identified from the Web of Science Core collection database. The information of the hospitals involved was obtained from their official websites. We analyzed the chronological changes, journal distribution, discipline distribution and retraction reasons for the retracted papers. The grade and geographic locations of the hospitals involved were explored as well. Findings We found a rapid increase in the number of retracted papers, while the retraction time interval is decreasing. The main reasons for retraction are plagiarism/self-plagiarism (n=255), invalid data/images/conclusions (n=212), fake peer review (n=175) and honesty error(n=163). The disciplines are mainly distributed in oncology (n=320), pharmacology & pharmacy (n=198) and research & experimental medicine (n=166). About 43.8% of the retracted papers were from hospitals affiliated with prestigious universities. Research limitations This study fails to differentiate between retractions due to honest error and retractions due to research misconduct. We believe that there is a fundamental difference between honest error retractions and misconduct retractions. Another limitation is that authors of the retracted papers have not been analyzed in this study. Practical implications This study provides a reference for addressing research misconduct in Chinese university-affiliated hospitals. It is our recommendation that universities and hospitals should educate all their staff about the basic norms of research integrity, punish authors of scientific misconduct retracted papers, and reform the unreasonable evaluation system. Originality/value Based on the analysis of retracted papers, this study further analyzes the characteristics of institutions of retracted papers, which may deepen the research on retracted papers and provide a new perspective to understand the retraction phenomenon.

Praktik akuntansi lingkungan pada sektor ekonomi kreatif Indonesia: Studi niat perilaku UMKM milenial

Global environmental problems are receiving increasing attention from academics, policymakers, regulators, activists, and the public. Although economically significant, Indonesian Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) are the main contributors to environmental pollution. Environmental Accounting (EA) calculates the cost of the environmental impact of business operations. However, it is unclear whether environmental impact costs have been calculated in traditional accounting. The millennial generation dominates MSME owners in Indonesia. This study analyzes the factors that encourage the intention of millennial MSME owners to apply Environmental Accounting Practices. This study uses the theory of planned behavior and an online survey with 164 respondents. Data analysis using PLS-SEM. The results show that the benefits of environmental accounting, price, complex integration, and subjective norms affect the attitude of millennial MSME owners toward environmental accounting. The price and complexity of integration encourage millennial MSME owners to control their behavior. Organizational environmental regulations and orientation have no significant effect. Subjective norms, attitudes, and behavioral controls affect the behavioral intention of environmental accounting in millennial generation MSMEs. These findings are essential for MSME owners, policymakers, MSME associations, and Indonesian academics.