Development Of Integration Processes Research Articles

INTENSIFICATION VECTORS OF TRADE INTEGRATION OF THE POST-SOVIET COUNTRIES

The study analyzes the dynamics of the development of integration processes. It is determined that the current stage of development is characterized by a change in the structure of the World Trade in favor of services and innovative products; by dynamic growth of trade in intermediate goods and services within global value chains. Trade integration covers a much broader network of participants, including bilateral, multilateral and interregional initiatives. The regional trade agreements (WTO-extra, WTO-plus) are being deepened and expanded. It is determined that the most common form of integration processes is the establishment of the Free Trade Zones, in particular on the basis of bilateral initiatives. Based on this, the bilateral trade relations between the post-Soviet countries and their trading partners (Poland, Italy, Switzerland, Bulgaria, Turkey, Czech Republic, Great Britain, Finland, Sweden, Netherlands, Germany, Romania, China) were analyzed. The index of trade complementarity was calculated and analyzed in order to identify the compliance of the export structure of the post-Soviet countries with the general structure of imports of these trading partners for high-tech product groups, in particular: machines and apparatuses for soldering and welding (code 8515 according to UKTZED (Ukrainian Commodity Coding System)), transmission shafts and bearing housings (code 8483), machines and mechanisms for harvesting and threshing crops (code 8433), spare parts and aggregates for metalworking equipment (code 8466), pumps for liquids (code 8413), burners for solid fuel or gas (code 8416), equipment for filtering and cleaning liquids and gases (code 8421), woodworking machines (code 8465), spare parts for motor vehicles (code 8708), electrical transformers (code 8504)). The geographical vectors of strengthening bilateral trade in the studied countries are substantiated based on the assessment of the calculated trade complementarity index. It was proposed to use the world experience based on certain key promising areas of international trade development in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The EU judiciary: epistemological principles of functioning and development

The article introduces the results of a theoretical analysis of the available research on the EU judiciary. Based on the analysis of the development and formation of the EU judiciary, it is proved that the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) should be understood as the object of the historiography of studies of the EU judiciary in its historical progress, beginning with the Court of Justice of the European Communities, as a single object which as a result of functioning and under the influence of the creation of the integration union, acquired the further development of its form and content.
 It is established that the research of EU institutions in national science began in the 1990s. By this time, the EU judiciary and the principles of its functioning had been studied by foreign scholars whose works had become the basis for the formation of national scientific thought. After determining the periodization of the development of national scientific thought on the organization and functioning of the EU judiciary, three stages of the formation and development of scientific research of the CJEU have been distinguished.
 Based on the results of the analysis of the available research, Kharkiv, Kyiv and Lviv legal schools have been singled out, the representatives of which researched on certain aspects of the functioning and development of the EU judiciary. The content of researches and the volume of cognition of the EU judiciary have been analyzed, as a result of which the specificity of methodological foundations in different schools is presented. Therefore, the conclusion that the object of cognition is interdisciplinary is made.
 It is proved that there is no comprehensive study of the EU judiciary among the publications available. The analysis of the research has shown that there are different approaches among scholars to the study of the CJEU. The experience of the research findings is valuable for the understanding the multidimensional nature of the legal nature of the EU judiciary. The examples of the Republic of Poland and of the United Kingdom show that the functioning of the CJEU may have different impact on the national legal system. Attention is drawn to the importance of the proper functioning of the constitutional judicial body and of the national judiciary as a guarantee of the sovereignty of States in their relations with the EU.
 The dynamics of the development of integration processes, of the principles of the organization, and of the functioning of the judiciary in the EU is pointed out. It influences the need for introducing a new stage of development of national science in this field. The analysis of the available research shows that there are only a few complex studies on certain aspects of the functioning of the EU judiciary. At the same time, in its practice, the CJEU continues to form new acquis communautaire for the EU legal system that have not been studied in national science yet.
 It is proved that examining the legal nature of the EU judiciary and its case-law will facilitate the development of integration processes in Ukraine. And the study of the principles of its organization and of its functioning will have an impact on improving the legal system of Ukraine towards promoting democratic values.

PROSPECTS FOR INTEGRATION

This research allows us to consider the problem of transition to monetary integration between the countries participating in the EAEU from the importance standpoint of economic prerequisites. The practical significance of the work lies in the substantiation of the objective prerequisites for the formation and creation of a monetary union in the course of regional integration processes development. The statistical data on foreign investments in the EAEU countries, on the share of gross volumes of mutual trade in the total volume of foreign trade in the EAEU as a whole and in the EAEU member states, are given. Analysis of mutual trade and investment indicators showed an insufficient level of economic convergence in the EAEU, assessed from the standpoint of the mutual trade intensity and mutual foreign direct investment intensity. At the moment, the volumes and dynamics of trade and investment flow between the EAEU member states do not cause an objective need for a transition to monetary cooperation at the level of a currency union.

INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC CONTROL: THEORETICAL-LEGAL ASPECTS

Purpose: to find out the genesis and the essence of the Institute of Public Control and its role in development of civil society. Research methods: method of analysis and synthesis, philosophical methods, historical and legal, comparative, logical-semantic and others. Results: in this paper concept and principles of public control are defined, its aspects and subjects are given. Discussion: public control is very important institute of civil society that can protect and implement rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of citizens. Relevance of the Institute of Public Control research dependent on an active role of the public sector in the conditions of becoming a democratic society, the development of European integration processes and the formation of an open information and legal space. Effective dialogue between citizens and public authorities in the form of public control is the key to the democracy. Modern reforms of public authorities should be implemented with the participation of the public, which gives the problem of the Institute of Public Control research topicality and it is needed to find out its essence and significance in the conditions of civil society. The purpose of this paper is to study the theoretical and legal foundations of the Institute of Public Control, its role in the formation and development of civil society. Todays understanding of public control was formed during the long evolution of the views of scientists, which reflected changes in social relations in the state. The origins of the public control is a prerequisite for understanding its contemporary meaning. In broadly and narrowly meanings public control is an institution of civil society. Broadly speaking, it is a checking of the activity of the state for compliance with its declared tasks, adjustment of this activity, subordination of the state policy to the interests of civil society. In a narrow sense, it is a type of social control over the supervision, inspection and evaluation of the activities of public control entities in order to determine the compliance of the functioning of public authorities and local self-government with the requirements of international and national legislation and the interests of citizens. The principals of the public control are rule of law, legality, equality; openness, transparency, reconciliation of interests; publicity; mutual responsibility. Subjects of public control are public bodies of self-organization, mass media, public, trade-union, creative organizations and other public associations, citizens. The introduction of public control should be implemented through the development of its legal basis, in particular, the adoption of the Law of Ukraine «About Public Control» and amending the current legislation of Ukraine.

PROVISION OF INSURANCE PROCESSES IN UKRAINE BY LAW ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITIES

The relevance of the article is that in today's conditions of instability of the national economy in the field of insurance, one of the key factors contributing to the national interests and priorities of Ukraine is economic security, which characterizes the state of the economy in which economic interests are reliably protected from internal and external threats. The development of integration processes in the world community contributes to the economic growth of the state, however, like any development process, it faces a number of negative factors and risks that pose a threat to economic security in the field of insurance. The global economic crisis has revealed serious shortcomings in the mechanism for managing the economic security of the state and domestic economic entities, which has been reflected in declining economic growth, gross domestic product, rising unemployment and other indicators. As a result, there is a growing focus on security and risk management tools at the macroeconomic level, as well as their effectiveness in the national context. World experience shows that ensuring economic security is a guarantee of state independence, a condition for stability and efficiency of society, and success. Therefore, ensuring economic security in the field of insurance is one of the most important national priorities. The article examines the mechanisms for ensuring insurance processes by law enforcement agencies, which are the basis for sustainable growth and functioning of the national economy as a whole. Various areas are considered: ensuring the safety of policyholders, private insurance companies, national institutions (government agencies, organizations). The article examines the mechanisms for ensuring insurance processes by law enforcement agencies, which are the basis for the growth and functioning of the national economy as a whole. Various areas are considered: ensuring the safety of insured persons, private insurance companies, national institutions (government agencies, organizations).

EURASIANISM AS THE BASIS OF MODERN EURASIAN INTEGRATIОN

Today Eurasianism is a unique synthesis of historical, cultural, and socio-political views and concepts that can become the basis for further development of integration processes. The article examines the main historical stages of the development of Eurasianism, and examines the views of their founders. The main ideologies of Eurasianism are presented, the prerequisites for creating a common Eurasian space are shown, and the role of the Eurasian space in the development of the geopolitical and geo -economic processes is studied.

ENSURING THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE STATE IN INSURANCE PROCESSES

In the current conditions of instability of the national economy and tense geopolitical situation, one of the key factors contributing to the realization of national interests and priorities of Ukraine is economic security. Which characterizes a state of the economy in which the economic interests of the enterprise, region, state and society are reliably protected from internal and external threats. The development of integration processes in the world community contributes to the economic growth of the state, however, like any development process, it faces a number of negative factors and risks that pose a threat to economic security. Given the complexity of the processes in domestic and foreign policy, the majority of the population is unsure of their future. The global crisis has revealed serious shortcomings in the mechanism for managing the economic security of the state and domestic economic entities, which has been reflected in declining economic growth, gross domestic product, rising unemployment and other indicators. As a result, there is a growing focus on security and risk management tools at the macroeconomic level, as well as their effectiveness in the national context. The article examines the mechanisms of ensuring the economic security of the state in the insurance process, which are crucial factors for sustainable growth and functioning of the national economy as a whole. Various areas are considered: ensuring the safety of policyholders, private insurance companies, national institutions (government agencies, organizations). The article examines the mechanisms for ensuring the economic security of the state in the insurance process, which are the most important components of stable growth and functioning of the national economy as a whole. Various areas are considered: ensuring the safety of insured persons, private insurance companies, national institutions (government agencies, organizations). The economic security of the state must be ensured, first of all, by the efficiency of the economy itself, that is, along with the protective measures taken by the state, it must protect itself on the basis of high productivity, product quality and more.

SYNERGETIC APPROACH TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIO-CULTURAL SPACE MOUNTAIN SCHOOL REGION OF UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS

The article reveals the peculiarities of formation and development of socio-cultural space of educational institutions of mountain areas of the Carpathians from the standpoint of synergistic approach. The author presents an interpretation of the characteristics of the region as a component of the socio-cultural space, which determines the scientific and philosophical knowledge and contemporary interpretation of this multifaceted phenomenon. They reveal the essence of the scientific discourse on the formation of socio-cultural space of the mountain school of the Ukrainian Carpathians region, point out the necessity to preserve the identity, special intellectual, moral and ethno-cultural potential inherent in this education, in the conditions of development of integration processes and globalization in the whole world. The author emphasizes that socio-cultural space is a complex dynamic system of interrelated pedagogical events, educational and cultural activities that form the basis of life of the mountain school of the Ukrainian Carpathians region, which is aimed at personal development of the student, becoming and development of his or her life skills. Accordingly, under the conditions of implementation of the synergistic approach, the following substantive elements should become components of the socio-cultural educational space of the mountain school: the personal space of the student; educational space; self-educational space; work space; social space; cultural space; living space; game space; educational space.

The Role of Russia in the Development of Integration Processes in Emerging Markets

Due to post-crisis slowdown in globalization, there is a necessity to structurally transform the Russian economy, strengthen the existing strategic partnerships and explore new economic growth points. Thus, the paper substantiates the importance of Russia’s participation in macro-regional economic associations. We examine the problems and risks of partnership development between the countries. Based on a mutual trade significance index, we analyse the importance of trade between the Russian Federation and the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), BRICS (Brazil, India, China and South Africa), and Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO). The analysis shows that the share of Russian trade with the BRICS and SCO countries is growing fastest, largely due to the trade with China. At the same time, for the economic growth of the EAEU member countries, intra-union trade is less beneficial than the development of foreign trade relations. Moreover, recently the EAEU partners of Russia have been more interested in establishing and developing relations with third countries. The EAEU countries face a variety of problems during the integration process, including the fundamental incompatibility of the interests of the participants. Based on the obtained results, we demonstrate the development prospects of cooperation between Russia and various integration associations. The main obstacle for establishing new economic unions is the low competitiveness of the Russian economy. Even though the current situation does not enhance inter-regional cooperation, it provides Russia an opportunity to strengthen cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region and increase its participation in multilateral mechanisms. We conclude that in the medium term EAEU has to focus on strengthening the existing institutions and creating a modern flexible economic partnership.

Fifteen years of Poland’s membership of the European Union: Poland’s participation in the internal market for services

Abstract The purpose of this article is to examine the changes that have occurred after Poland’s integration into the European Union (EU) internal market for services after 2004 considering the legal changes adopted in the EU relating to the free movement of services, namely, the Service Directive. An examination of the Directive’s outcome and the development of the market integration process permit the conclusion that the changes in regulatory trade barriers have had a relatively limited impact on the changes that have occurred in EU–Polish ties concerning services trade. These were predominantly shaped by structural and macroeconomic factors. From an analysis of the structure of Poland’s services trade, a picture emerges of a deepening asymmetry between the exports and imports sides of Poland’s participation in the internal market.

Integration processes within the federalist and neo-functionalist theories

The research subject is integration processes. The aim of the research is to reveal the essence of integration processes within the federalist and neo-functionalist theories. According to the works by K.Wheare and W. Riker, the factors promoting successful integration are the feeling of military vulnerability, craving for economic benefits, similarity of political institutions, geographic neighborhood, and craving for independence from other countries. Neo-functionalists - E. Haas, P. Schmitter - defined three groups of conditions which, in their opinion, determine the success of integration processes. Integration associations and processes within these theories have the following features: federalists consider integration association as a “federal bargain” in which the stronger state offers protection and wealth to the weaker ones in exchange for their resources. The specificity of integration processes according to the neo-functionalist theory consists in the spill-over of integration from one economic sphere to another, which spills over into the third one, etc. The article also outlines the weak points of each of the theories: federalists don’t disclose the very process of integration concentrating more on its final result, while neo-functionalists, despite the fact that they’d build a model which presumably covers a sufficient number of variables to get an unbiased idea of the successfulness of an integration association, didn’t take into account external factors which are also crucial for the development of integration processes.

Role of tolerance in the transnational companies’ management system

The relevance of the research topic is explained by the rapid development of integration processes, the formation of a global economic space, which led to the intensive development of multinational companies. In these conditions, the issue of the role of tolerance in the management system of multinational companies is becoming relevant. Formulation of the problem. New opportunities associated with the formation of the main aspects of tolerance in the management system of multinational companies and draw certain conclusions. Analysis of recent research and publications. The study of certain aspects regarding the functioning and development of multinational companies was covered in the works of such authors as Krivov'yazyuk I., Mekshun P., Melnichuk V., Mikaelyan S., Penska I., Skavronsky I., Terekhov E., Chumak N. and others. A great contribution to the study of issues on tolerance was made by such scientists as Y. Arabchuk, O. Orlovskaya, M. Pirenn and others. Highlighting unexplored parts of a common problem. In favorable conditions for the formation and development of multinational companies, the issue of tolerance in the management system of companies, which is most conducive to resolving a number of conflicts, remains unaddressed. Problem statement, research objectives. The aim of the study is to study the main aspects of tolerance in the management system of multinational companies and draw certain conclusions. The method or methodology of the study. In the work, general scientific methods were used: dialectic, system-structural analysis and synthesis, statistical and economic methods, generalization. Statement of the main material (results of work). The article indicates the role of transnational companies in modern conditions and determines that in the formation and development of these companies, tolerance acquires special meaning in the management system. The main directions of the problems of interethnic relations are systematized and their solutions are recommended by regulating the professional activities of employees of transnational companies. The significance of the “tolerance corridor” in the management system of multinational companies is determined. Scope of the results. The conclusions and results of the article can be used in the educational process of the economic faculties of higher educational institutions. At the same time, the results of the work can be used in the formation of the management system in multinational companies and in the process of professional training of company employees. Conclusions are consistent with the article. Based on the study of the role of tolerance in the management system of multinational companies in the modern conditions of development of Ukraine, the result is that tolerance should be based on professional training of company employees, which is formed on the basis of the tolerance corridor.

NEW ARMENIA'S FOREIGN POLICY IN THE DEVELOPMENTOF INTEGRATION PROCESSES IN THE CONTEXTOF GROWING GEOPOLITICAL TENSIONS

The purpose of the article is to analyze the foreign policy of the Republic of Armenia after the change of the countrys political leadership as a result of the velvet revolution. With regard to the development of integration processes in the Eurasian Economic Union, it is considered as one of the most important vectors of the New Armenias foreign policy in economic cooperation with the EAEU countries in the context of increasing geopolitical tensions. The article shows changes in the foreign policy of the New Armenia, as well as the features of their manifestation in a sovereign state within the EEU. They are characterized by practical realism and a pragmatic approach to the development of integration processes in the Eurasian economic space, aimed at protecting the national interests of the country and the national dignity of citizens. Proposals and recommendations for further development of integration processes in the EEU are formulated, taking into account the specifics of member states with minor economies.

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This article identifies and systematizes a generalized overview, interesting points of view, promising studies of cluster formation in Ukrainian scientific thought, which together form a platform for developing a targeted cluster policy of our country, have a number of recommended regulatory measures to support clustering in the development of integration processes. for the future model of cluster and integration relations in the economy, as a progressive form of innovation in regional management. It is proved that the theory and methodology of regional studies actively responds to social change, predicts future conditions, increases the potential of ideas, concepts, basic principles of scientific, technological and socio-economic progress, expands the integration of knowledge with innovation, information and innovation management. The theory and methodology of cluster economy, which is based on the experience of cluster formation of enterprises, continuous increase of this active process due to cooperation of enterprises with the government, population, public organizations, is a big and rapid direction of development of knowledge systems of regional studies in the development of integration processes. The study of the theoretical and methodological components of the theory of integration forms and recognizes its active transition from the sectoral-market organization of economic systems and models of economic reproduction to cluster-network. This movement leads to a number of managerial shifts that provide a rapid combination of integration theories with practice, development and adaptation of methodology and techniques of the latest forms of cooperation on integration platforms of economic activity, targeted restriction of competition, mastery of the latest technologies, social projects, innovation, targeted regional and sectoral policy measures. Thus, the conducted research and systematization of the generalized review, interesting points of view, perspective developments in the field of cluster formation in the Ukrainian scientific thought, which in combination form a platform for development of target cluster policy of our country, have a number of recommended regulatory measures to support future clustering. cluster relations in the economy as a progressive form of innovative direction of integration processes. In turn, the cluster model of the economy, which is actively being formed in Ukraine today, must have in its foundation clearly defined and scientifically sound conceptual provisions, development of theory and methodology to improve business reproduction processes, mitigate competition for national producers in the country and in the world. And under conditions of effective, targeted development of the system of cluster formation and resource provision of the economy, its comprehensive stability to develop social projects, form the foundation of the future social economy, promote standards of effective regional management and increase the potential of integration processes.

Development of integration processes in the globalization conditions: Ukraine and EU-countries

The change in Ukraine’s position, taking into account various approaches to assessing the development of integration processes, indicates the importance of choosing the forecast for the development of integration with EU member states. The subject of the study is integration with the EU member states. The aim of the article is to analyze the development of integration processes in Ukraine and the EU member states, build a forecast of the strategy of international integration on the example of Ukraine and the EU countries in the context of globalization. Research methods: the method of multivariate statistical analysis, namely factor analysis to determine the factors affecting the development of integration processes; modeling of growth curves for predicting the values of indicators of integration processes. The calculations were performed using the Statgraphics Centurion application package. Based on the results of the research, a basis of indicators characterizing the socio-economic situation of the member countries of the integration processes is formed. It included: GDP and GDP per capita, attracting foreign direct investment and consumer price indices; as well as the share of ICT goods. The analysis of problems and prospects for the development of integration processes on the basis of a theoretical and logical analysis taking into account the strategic directions of development of the Ukrainian economy and the world economy is carried out. The forecast indicators for the member countries of the EU group and Ukraine are calculated. This allowed us to develop forecast scenarios for the development of integration processes of the member countries of integration processes in the long term. Based on the forecast obtained, strategic positions of Ukraine and the EU member states in the global integration space for three forecasting periods are formed. Conclusions: priority scenarios for the development of the integration processes of these EU member states are identified, namely Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Ukraine indicate a positive prospect of EU cooperation with Ukraine in the aspect of international integration.

Development of integration processes in the mining and metals sector in Russia and Kazakhstan under business transformation

The article presents the study of the main integration processes in the metallurgical industry in Russia and Kazakhstan in the context of business transformation, as well as demonstrates the key risks under current conditions and the main problems. Promising areas in the development of integration between the two countries have been formed in the course of the research.

Тенденції розвитку євроінтеграційних процесів в Україні

The article highlights the main trends in the development of the integration processes of Ukraine and the EU. Historical prerequisites and current trends of economic convergence are analyzed. The level of Ukraine's integration with the EU has been determined. The analysis of current processes is based on the comparison of trends in public opinion towards the choice of the European integration vector and the analysis of the characteristic features of the development of the European integration processes since the entry into force of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU. In the analysis of public opinion, the results of the analysis in the dynamics are presented, as well as the modern attitude of the citizens of Ukraine to the choice of the European integration direction is characterized. Positive results of strengthening of integration are defined and its weaknesses are outlined.

Отношение молодежи к проектам национального развития Республики Южная Осетия

The article discusses the peculiarities of relations and views of the young generation as a social group of the population on the formation of national development projects of the Republic of South Ossetia. The social situation of young people and existing problems in this field in the context of post-conflict society, their perceptions of the development of economic and political processes and statehood in the “unrecognized republic” are analysed. The attitude and, thus, the influence of young people on the construction of the identification and value bases of South Ossetian society after the 2008 armed conflict and recognition of the independence of the Republic by Russia and a number of other States of the world are shown. The work analyses the possible projects of national development of South Ossetia and the perception of youth of the process of their formation: the construction of an independent state, the development of integration processes, associated relations with Russia and reintegration policy with Georgia, as well as the implementation of the European Union program “Involvement without recognition” in the territory of South Ossetia. The author of the article explores the possibilities and problems of implementing these directions of development of South Ossetia at the present stage.

International Trade in the Age of Turbulent Uncertainty, Globalization, Regionalization and Pandemic

In the coming years, large-scale changes are inevitable in the development of international trade, caused to a large extent by the conflict between the USA and China, the degradation of the WTO, and most importantly, the development of integration processes in various regionsand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global problems of economic development in general. This paper analyzes the modern aspects of the international trade policy system in the context of the active development of integration processes in various regions, assesses the role of the WTO and some ways to improve its activities in accordance with modern challenges.Economic studies identified the weaknesses in the basic anti-dumping provisions of the WTO that could contribute to abusea long time ago, and instead suggested relying on the principles and criteria of anticompetitive struggle. The details of such criticisms require the improvement of the legal approaches and analytical methods of the WTO as an institution for regulating international trade.This paper outlines some of the main directions and problems of the transformation of the WTO in the context of comparing the approaches to them. Despite the fact that world leaders have begun discussions on reforming the WTO, complete unanimity has not yet been observed. It is still unclear, even according to the WTO, what these discussions will lead to, which areas of trade promise the greatest prospects in the future, and which will require reorganization.However, the systematic view of the authors shows that the burden of these problems was very unbalanced. The main idea of this study is that the global regulation of international trade and the influence of turbulent currents of uncertainties at the national level can be improved with a higher degree of sustainable win-win approaches to reforming the WTO and regional spaces of trade relations. This means that the draft of the future international trade order, especially if it is based on a network of related regional and interregional trade agreements, can become increasingly practical for the effectiveness of trade relations and public confidence regarding the idea of openness and globalization.

Development of integration processes in the agricultural sector

The relevance of the issue is due to the need to improve the efficiency of the agro-industrial complex by uniting enterprises engaging in production, processing and sale of agricultural products. The aim is to develop recommendations on integration processes in the agricultural sector in order to improve the efficiency of the agricultural sector. The article discusses the objective nature of integration processes in modern agribusiness, identifies assumptions for creating integrated enterprises, such as unstable financial situations, worn-out material and technical resources, irrational organization of production, a low level of management and labor economics. The article describes a positive example of integrated formations in the Republic of Tatarstan, positive results of the activities of agro-industrial formations, which include the use of abandoned land and agricultural facilities, modernization of production using new equipment and technologies, increasing the attractiveness of agricultural labor, employment rate and incomes of the rural population, reduction of transaction costs in the agro-industrial chain, development of the agro-holding model as an effective interaction of enterprises of different agricultural sectors.