Integral Quality Indicator Research Articles

Competitiveness of The Company on The Market: Analytical Method of Assessment and The Phenomenon of The Impact of Corruption in Ukraine

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the theoretical positions and develop practical recommendations for the development of tools for analytical assessment of the competitiveness of an enterprise, taking into account the influence of the corruption component. It has been established that the main inalienable structural components of the analytical assessment of the competitiveness of enterprises on the market are: 1) the efficiency of the enterprise (in four components: financial and economic efficiency, commercial efficiency, production-technological efficiency, social efficiency); 2) the competitiveness of the enterprise’s products (includes calculation of such indicators as an integral indicator of product quality (useful effect), price of products, integral indicator of service quality and other additional (consumer) product parameters).

ОЦЕНКА ТЕХНИКО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО УРОВНЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ ДЛЯ ОБРАБОТКИ ГИЛЬЗ ЦИЛИНДРОВ

he production of high-quality repaired engines is possible only with the right selection of technological equipment. The issues of the processing quality on honing machines rank first in the repair production, since the reliability of engines depends on the processing quality of cylinder liners. It is revealed that for a clear understanding of the feasibility of using old and choosing new technological equipment, it is necessary to evaluate it from the standpoint of an integral quality indicator. As a basic model for assessing the quality of technological equipment, use is made of the cost method. According to it, the cost index of quality as the value inverse to the integral indicator of product quality is formed for evaluating machines. It is determined by the value of the unit cost of processing one part calculated in cost form by groups of resource intensity indicators multiplied by the corresponding resource prices. Each cost group is the product of the resource price by its specific consumption in physical terms, resulting in a cost index of quality. For honing machines used for processing cylinder liners, a relationship was determined to analyze the cost index of quality. This index includes four basic elements – the indicators of material intensity, labor intensity, energy intensity of machinery and the material intensity of the inputs used in the technological process. The evaluation of the quality of machines has revealed that purchasing new equipment is economically feasible as technical and economic level of new machines exceeds the base level due to increased productivity, reduced energy consumption and unit cost. It is most advisable to use the ROBBI SET150-L machine (Italy) from among the new ones, since its integral quality indicator is significantly higher than its analogues. From among the old ones, NAGEL VS8-50 (Germany) should be recommended, while domestic machines should be replaced due to their low efficiency.

Иерархический модельно-алгоритмический комплекс комбинированного планирования и проактивного управления функционированием транспортно-логистической системы на примере координации группы железнодорожных составов

Aim. At present there are quite a few systems that automate the control of a train or group of trains in order to reduce manual control and create an optimal schedule within the railway network. However, those systems are mostly based on rules of thumb and lack universality, so they have a fairly narrow scope of application. The original software and algorithmic complex considered in this article allows to solve this problem of multi-level planning, optimizes the capacity of the railway network, and minimizes violations of the due arrival times. Materials and methods. An original multi-model software and algorithmic complex, divided into several layers is used to solve the described problem of multi-level planning. At the lower level of the hierarchy, the movement of an individual train is planned, the next level is devoted to regarding the processes of passing a particular section of the network to technological works in terms of network planning, and at the upper level evaluation and optimization of integrated quality indicators for a whole group of trains, as well as evaluating and adding stability reserves to the built plan take place. Results. An original method and a software-algorithmic complex based on it were developed. This system solves the problem of planning and coordinating a group of trains within a single railway network in order to optimize its capacity and minimize violations of arrival deadlines. Along with this, the developed complex solves the problem of proactive real-time train control, and can be used as a decision support system. Conslusions. The proposed methodic, using fundamental approaches, can signifi cantly reduce the complexity of the original multidimensional computational problem by solving it by a hierarchy of models and reducing the original task to a network planning problem. The developed softwarealgorithmic complex solves a wide range of tasks in terms of train group movement planning and coordination, and has a high versatility. Therefore, the chosen approach has good prospects, but it requires further testing and application for real transport systems to prove its effi ciency.

Approaches of integrating the development of guidelines and quality indicators: a systematic review

BackgroundGuidelines and quality indicators (for example as part of a quality assurance scheme) aim to improve health care delivery and health outcomes. Ideally, the development of quality indicators should be grounded in evidence-based, trustworthy guideline recommendations. However, anecdotally, guidelines and quality assurance schemes are developed independently, by different groups of experts who employ different methodologies. We conducted an extension and update of a previous systematic review to identify, describe and evaluate approaches to the integrated development of guidelines and related quality indicators.MethodsOn May 24th, 2019 we searched in Medline, Embase and CINAHL and included studies if they reported a methodological approach to guideline-based quality indicator development and were published in English, French, or German.Results: Out of 16,034 identified records, we included 17 articles that described a method to integrate guideline recommendations development and quality indicator development. Added to the 13 method articles from original systematic review we included a total 30 method articles. We did not find any evaluation studies. In most approaches, guidelines were a source of evidence to inform the quality indicator development. The criteria to select recommendations (e.g. level of evidence or strength of the recommendation) and to generate, select and assess quality indicators varied widely. We found methodological approaches that linked guidelines and quality indicator development explicitly, however none of the articles reported a conceptual framework that fully integrated quality indicator development into the guideline process or where quality indicator development was part of the question formulation for developing the guideline recommendations.ConclusionsIn our systematic review we found approaches which explicitly linked guidelines with quality indicator development, nevertheless none of the articles reported a comprehensive and well-defined conceptual framework which integrated quality indicator development fully into the guideline development process.

The quality analysis of the anti-corrosion coatings metal structures operating in difficult conditions

The simplest and most reliable way to protect metal structures from corrosion are the paint coatings, which, in comparison with other protection methods, have several advantages (manufacturability, maintainability, economy, compatibility with other protection methods, etc.). The issues of experimental quality analysis of the typical anticorrosion coatings designed to protect metal structures operating under aggressive environmental conditions and industrial factors are considered. It is proposed to use such indicators as adhesion, thickness and weather resistance as the main indicators of the coatings’ quality. The methods for the experimental determination of these parameters on the laboratory samples and the construction of an integral indicator of the anti-corrosion coatings quality are proposed. On the selected typical coatings example, the experimental dependences of their quality indicators on temperature, the number of “freezing-heating” cycles, the magnitude of the shock load and the water salinity degree are analyzed. The obtained data were used to determine the weather resistance of coatings and their quality indicator, which was proposed to use as the sufficiency integral indicator. Its essence lies in the assumption that there is a border beyond which an increase in the indicator is pointless for each of the quality indicators, since it does not lead to an improvement in the coating quality and can even be harmful due to the other uncontrolled indicators’ possible deterioration.

Transformation of the financing patterns of agricultural enterprises in the conditions of the financial system crisis: a case of Ukraine and the USA

The authors study how the financing patterns of agricultural enterprises have changed under the influence of the financial system crisis in Ukraine and the United States (US, USA). The indicators of financing patterns, which are traditionally employed in financial management, were used. However, the main financial indicator which is the financial leverage indicator provides distorted results because agricultural lands are not objects of sale in Ukraine, therefore, they are not considered as assets and are not reflected in the balance sheet of enterprises at fair value. The agricultural lands, which are leased by the agricultural enterprises, were evaluated and the financial leverage indicator was recalculated. After the recalculation, the financial leverage indicator was reduced from 1.081 to 0.128 in 2017 (the latest data available by the beginning of 2020 has been applied). The obtained adjusted value of the financial leverage indicator in Ukraine was even lower than the actual value of 0.149 in the USA in 2017. In addition, the integral indicator of debt capital quality was built to characterize the debt capital of the agricultural enterprises. The analysis showed that the financial system crisis in Ukraine influenced negatively on the financing patterns of the agricultural enterprises. Ukraine lagged far behind in terms of key indicators of the financing patterns of the agricultural enterprises compared with the USA. The study showed the significant statistical relationship between the integral indicator of debt capital quality of the agricultural enterprises and the integral indicator of the banking sector component of the financial system in Ukraine, which allowed building the reliable regression model. It means that the financial crisis influences negatively on the quality of debt capital of the agricultural enterprises. One of the main reasons for improper compensation of the negative effects of the financial system crisis on the agricultural enterprises is the absence of a specialized financial system for agriculture in Ukraine (contrary to the USA), which needs to be confirmed in the course of further research.

ЕКСПРЕС - МЕТОД ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ІНТЕГРАЛЬНОГО ПОКАЗНИКА ЯКОСТІ ЙОГУРТІВ

методу визначення інтегрального показника йогуртів. Експериментально підтверджено, що редокс-потенціал впливає на інтенсивність біохімічнихпроцесів визрівання молочнокислих продуктів, зокрема, йогуртів. Визначення величини редокс-потенціалу йогурту дає можливість здійснювати контроль за якістю цього молочного продукту та прогнозувати термін його зберігання. Все це дозволяє розглядати редокс-потенціал як інтегральний показник якості молочнокислих продуктів, зокрема, йогуртів.

ЕКОЛОГІЧНА ОЦІНКА ЯКОСТІ ПОВЕРХНЕВИХ ВОД РІЧКИ ГУЙВА

Method. Environmental assessment of the surface water of the Guyva River was carried out using the system of classification of standards for the assessment of surface water quality of Ukraine. On the basis of common environmental criteria, the methodology makes it possible to compare the quality of water at different sites of water bodies, in water bodies of different regions. The calculation of the ecological assessment of water quality was carried out within three blocks: block of salt composition (І1), block of trophic-saprobiological (ecological-sanitary) indicators (І2) and block of indicators of content of specific substances of toxic action (І3). The results are presented in the form of a combined environmental assessment based on the final conclusions of the three blocks and based on the calculation of the integrated environmental index (IE). Results. omprehensive studies on changing the water quality of the Guyva River were conducted within the Zhytomyr region during 2016-2017. The water quality of the river according to the final values of the integral indicators of water quality of the three blocks varies within the II and III quality classes. The total environmental indices (IEs) for the mean and worst indices are 2,9 and 3,1 respectively. In general, the water quality along the main channel of the Guyva River within the Zhytomyr region corresponds to the second class, 3 categories, 3(2) subcategories according to the average quality indicators (in the state of "good" with a slope to "very good", in terms of purity bias to "clean") and 3 subcategories by worst performance (good for good, clean enough). The total values of the integral surface water quality indicators of the Guyva River indicate their contamination by trophic-saprobiological components. Scientific novelty. For the first time, on the basis of analytical studies and stock materials, an ecological assessment of the surface waters of the Guyva River within the Zhytomyr region was carried out by three blocks of indicators: salt composition, trophic-saprobiological indicators and specific toxic substances. The integral ecological index is determined. The trends of pollutants accumulation in the surface waters of the River Guyva have been established. Practical significance. The conducted researches allowed to analyze and evaluate the ecological status of the surface waters of the Guyva River within the Zhytomyr region, which will allow to establish ecological standards of water quality and on this basis to determine the main directions for improvement of water resources and to substantiate the system of recommendations aimed at improving the ecological status of the studied basin.

ЕКОЛОГІЧНА ОЦІНКА ЯКОСТІ ПОВЕРХНЕВИХ ВОД РІЧКИ РОСТАВИЦЯ

Purpose – perform ecological assessment of the surface waters of the Rostavytsia river within the Zhytomyr region. Method. Environmental assessment of the surface water of the Rostavytsia river was carried out using the system of classification of standards for the assessment of surface water quality of Ukraine. On the basis of common environmental criteria, the methodology makes it possible to compare the quality of water at different sites of water bodies, in water bodies of different regions. The calculation of the ecological assessment of water quality was carried out within three blocks: block of salt composition (І1), block of trophic-saprobiological (ecological-sanitary) indicators (І2) and block of indicators of content of specific substances of toxic action (І3). The results are presented in the form of a combined environmental assessment based on the final conclusions of the three blocks and based on the calculation of the integrated environmental index (IE). Results. Omprehensive studies on changing the water quality of the Rostavytsia river were conducted within the Zhytomyr region during 2016-2017. The water quality of the river according to the final values of the integral indicators of water quality of the three blocks varies within the II and III quality classes. The total environmental indices (IE) for the mean and worst indices are 3,2 and 3,3 respectively. In general, the water quality along the main channel of the Rostavytsia river within the Zhytomyr region corresponds to the second class, 3 categories, 3 subcategories according to the average quality indicators and 3(4) subcategories by worst performance. The total values of the integral surface water quality indicators of the Rostavytsia river indicate their contamination by trophic-saprobiological components. Scientific novelty. For the first time, on the basis of analytical studies and stock materials, an ecological assessment of the surface waters of the Rostavytsia river within the Zhytomyr region was carried out by three blocks of indicators: salt composition, trophic-saprobiological indicators and specific toxic substances. The integral ecological index is determined. The trends of pollutants accumulation in the surface waters of the Rostavytsia river have been established. Practical significance. The conducted researches allowed to analyze and evaluate the ecological status of the surface waters of the Rostavytsia river within the Zhytomyr region, which will allow to establish ecological standards of water quality and on this basis to determine the main directions for improvement of water resources and to substantiate the system of recommendations aimed at improving the ecological status of the studied basin.

Functional model of definition of integral indicators of quality of educational activity and quality of higher education by institutions of higher education

Functional model of definition of integral indicators of quality of educational activity and quality of higher education by institutions of higher education

Information technologies in the assessment of timber road train – log trucks

In work the estimation and a choice of log trucks for the certain technology of export of assortments on technical and economic criteria is considered. The considered algorithm includes the formation of requirements for cars -sortiment trucks from the road transport organizations, the choice of cars present in the market, the calculation of their economic efficiency, the definition of integrated quality indicators and the final choice of the car brand. As a result, the most efficient sorting vehicle is chosen for the selected timber transportation segment and the fleet of the trucking organization is formed, depending on the volume of transportation. The offered technique can be used at formation of a cargo vehicle fleet of any enterprise, its updating, and also at the organization of transportations with a view of fastening of concrete cars behind certain routes.

Modeling the interaction of resource flows in the foreign trade system

The article investigates the relationship of flows of various types (transport, cargo, information, financial, energy, legal and others) between themselves and elements in the delivery system of foreign trade cargo. A hierarchical scheme of points of interaction of various types of flows is proposed. It is note that optimization of flow control will create more favorable conditions for rhythmic work and coordination of transportation with other modes of transport, and a correctly calculate supply of goods to ports and border crossings will provide an opportunity for the economical use of rolling stock. The solution to this problem at a new level has become possible due to the widespread introduction of digital information technologies. A model of the topology of their interaction has been develop with the definition of an integral quality indicator of a particular route or delivery option. An algorithm for assessing the interdependence of various types of elements, flows, legal ties and the degree of complexity of the structure of the system for the delivery of foreign trade goods.

Исследование интегрального показателя качества рабочих жидкостей гидроприводов строительных и дорожных машин

Исследование интегрального показателя качества рабочих жидкостей гидроприводов строительных и дорожных машин

Assessment of components to ensure the security of control and diagnostic information about technological processes

The features of the technique are considered to ensure the security of control and diagnostic information about technological processes is carried out. As an example, a theoretical and experimental assessment of the component realizing this technique is fulfilled. The component of elimination of incompleteness and inconsistency of data analysis (within the framework of the system of their intelligent analytical processing) is analyzed. This component is assessed in terms of expert knowledge and judgments about the quality of software, based on formulated and substantiated quality indicators, taking into account the functional and other requirements for this component. The generalized integral quality indicator and the general quality class of the component are determined.

Метод розрахунку інтегрального показника якості моделей та полімодельних комплексів операцій (бойових дій)

The article discusses the peculiarities of evaluation of quality of models and multimodel complexes of operations (combat actions). Such models are an effective and necessary tool for operational calculations at operational training activities, and procedures for assessing their qualitative properties are an important and responsible phase of the life cycle. In theoretical qualifiers the direct and reverse tasks of quality assessment are distinguished, the first is based on the direct quality measurement, the second is the quality management of the product to give it the necessary properties. The reverse task becomes especially relevant for multimodel complexes of operations (combat actions), which are initially built with a flexible structure, which includes the possibility of adding new models or modifying existing ones. Since the concept of quality includes both objective properties and subjective assessments of the utility of an object, which are evaluated by a single generic indicator with a qualifying method, it is natural to involve experts in the subject area in such assessments. The development of an expert information processing unit, together with modern software tools for data analysis and processing, provides an opportunity to organize the process of quality assessment of the most important properties of models and multimodel complexes. This is possible by establishing a non-linear analytical dependency that links independent variables (processed expert estimates) to a dependent variable, which is an integral quality assessment of models. The example of such a dependency with a high determinative factor of integrated quality assessment, as discussed in the article, confirmed the usefulness of such an approach. Having the described quality assessment tool will allow to calculate the integral quality indicator of selected model properties with a high accuracy, as well as can be used for qualifying analysis of possible modifications and structural changes in models and multimodel complexes of operations (combat actions).

USING THE AGGREGATED CRITERIA TO EVALUATE THE SOFTWARE TESTS QUALITY

An approach to evaluating the software tests quality using aggregated quality criteria is proposed. The article considers the finding of such characteristics of software tests that can be used to judge their quality and their need for improvement. The subject of the study is the formation of a software tests quality evaluation system, which can be used in the software development process. It is proposed to consider a software test as a multiattribute object. It is emphasized that it is necessary to take into account both quantitative and qualitative characteristics of tests and test coverage, which greatly complicates the construction of a model for evaluating the software tests quality. Various approaches to solving the problem of evaluating complex, multiattribute objects are considered. The problem of comparing and ordering complex objects taking into account different criteria is considered. The choice of the method of sequential aggregation of classified states to solve the problem of multi-criteria selection and assessment is justified. The stages of the procedure for solving the estimation problem using the method of sequential aggregation of classified states are considered. An activity diagram is constructed that reflects an algorithm for constructing a hierarchical system of criteria. The criteria for evaluating software tests are given, which belong to three groups - efficiency, coverage, and software implementation. For a hierarchical system of criteria aggregation, a set of indicators, their qualitative gradations with corresponding numerical intervals, are allocated. At the highest level of the hierarchy, it is proposed to use three composite criteria that correspond to the groups of efficiency, coverage and implementation, which will allow to obtain an integral indicator of the software tests quality. The resulting integral indicator includes five quality classes, each of which corresponds to a multitude of low-level indicator estimates. Tests quality evaluation will improve the testing process, which purpose is to ensure the specified quality of the software being developed.

Assessing the Freshwater Quality of a Large-Scale Mining Watershed: The Need for Integrated Approaches

Water quality assessments provide essential information for protecting aquatic habitats and stakeholders downstream of mining sites. Moreover, mining companies must comply with environmental quality standards and include public participation in water quality monitoring (WQM) practices. However, overarching challenges beyond corporate environmental responsibility are the scientific soundness, political relevance and harmonization of WQM practices. In this study, a mountainous watershed supporting large-scale gold mining in the headwaters, besides urban and agricultural landuses at lower altitudes, is assessed in the dry season. Conventional physicochemical and biological (Biological Monitoring Water Party-Colombia index) freshwater quality parameters were evaluated, including hydromorphological and land-use characteristics. According to the indicators used, water quality deterioration by mining was absent, in contrast to the effects of urban economic activities, hydromorphological alterations and (less important) agricultural pollutants. We argue that mining impacts are hardly captured due to the limited ecological knowledge of high-mountain freshwaters, including uncharacterized mining-specific bioindicators, environmental baselines and groundwater processes, as well as ecotoxicological and microbial freshwater quality components. Lessons for overcoming scientific and operational challenges are drawn from joint efforts among governments, academia and green economy competitiveness. Facing a rapid development of extractive industries, interinstitutional and multidisciplinary collaborations are urgently needed to implement more integrated freshwater quality indicators of complex mining impacts.

STRUCTURE AND FEATURES OF FORMATION OF CIVIL RESPONSIBILITY OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

The article reveals the essence of the integral indicator of the personality's quality of the student's civil responsibility, which determines the effectiveness of the continuous process and the result of personal and educational development. The research is aimed at developing a universal scientific and effective system for forming the civic responsibility of primary school students. On the basis of developments of modern psychological and pedagogical research the holistic approach to understanding of formation of civic responsibility of schoolchildren is grounded. An attempt is made to determine the phenomenon of formation of the civic responsibility of the pupils of the main school as an integrative manifestation of a number of its constituent components related to the peculiarities of educational activity. The aim of the study was to identify the structure and features of the formation of civic responsibility of primary school students. To achieve the goal at various stages of scientific search, a complex of such interrelated methods is used: analysis, classification, generalization of theoretical approaches of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of philosophy, sociology, pedagogy, psychology to study the essence, structure and peculiarities of the formation of civic responsibility; study of psychological and pedagogical sources for the definition of the terminology apparatus of the study. In the context of the study, we will find out the content of the constituent concepts of "formation", "responsibility", "citizenship" as the leading components of the phenomenon of "civil responsibility". The notion of responsibility is defined as an integral indicator of the quality of the individual, which includes the process and the result development of human activity, characterized by the achievement of its indicators for reporting its actions and deeds, qualitative characteristics and completeness of implementation and stabilization of the systemic qualities of public accountability of the individual as an indicator of her position of life. Citizenship acts as a spiritual and moral value, a worldview and psychological characteristic of a person, conditioned by its state self-identification, awareness of belonging to a particular country. Differentiation of the general components of the structure of civic responsibility on the features that characterize a person: a sense of civic duty, patriotism, social activity, interest in social life, participation in society, the need for communication, collectivism, national and planetary consciousness. the achievement of pupils of the primary school of optimal levels of civil responsibility is due to their acquisition of their constituent components.

Assessment of changes in the water quality along the length of the Siverskyi Donets river at the beginning of the 21st century

The relevance of the problem consists in the need to achieve a "good status" of water in the rivers of Ukraine according to the objectives of the Water Framework Directive. The aim of the work is to identify the main trends of water quality changes over time and along the length of Siverskyi Donets River based on data of the hydrochemical observations for the period from 1985 to 2015 inclusive. To establish the water quality we used integral assessments based on hydrochemical indicators such as pollution coefficient, water pollution index, generalized index of water state in accordance with the water quality standards for fishery. The article shows that use of mandatory (priority) chemical indicators in the calculations of the pollution coefficient and the water pollution index does not reflect a real degree of water pollution, since it does not take into account a significant amount of pollutants. It was discovered that major pollutants in the main river include suspended substances, chromium, nitrite nitrogen, phenols, sulfates. For the right-bank tributaries of Siversky Donets (illustrated by the example of the Kryvyi Torets River) originating from Donetsk Upland heavy metals (chromium, copper, zinc) pollution is typical. The degree of pollution based on the coefficient of pollution for average multi-year period is deemed as catastrophic, and based on the index of water pollution it is labelled with IV (contaminated) and V (very contaminated) quality classes indicating a violation of the ecosystem stability. Based on the generalized index, the water is also classified as "contaminated". The calculations based on various integral indicators of water quality revealed that pollution of the Siversky Donets River increases downstream. This is due to growing anthropogenic impact (municipal and industrial waters of large cities, discharge of mine and open pit waters into surface waterways, withdrawal of the runoff for its redirection to canals and water conduits, presence of diffuse sources of pollution by biogenic and organic substances). The beginning of the 21st century saw a trend towards improvement established in the chronological course of integral indicators of water quality which was associated with decrease production volumes. According to the generalized index of water state the water quality of the main river gradually changes from “contaminated” and “very contaminated” to “moderately contaminated”, but contamination by heavy metals, biogenic and organic substances remains high.

Modern Information and Communication Technology for Improving Computer Lite

Purpose of research. This article discusses modern information and communication technologies to improve computer literacy in Russia, defines the concept of computer literacy and its classification. It turned out that the problem of computer illiteracy is very relevant today. The aim of the work is to develop a method and algorithm to reduce the level of computer illiteracy. Methods. We have proposed a method by which the level of computer literacy will increase in certain groups of the population, these are schoolchildren, pensioners, through the creation of certain institutions for training in the field of information technology. This method is based on the hierarchical model of Saati. To analyze the initial data, the results of a study of the degree of digital literacy of residents of the Russian Federation by the analytical center of NAFI were used. Considering programs of professional development within the program "University of the elderly person", projects on which train pensioners and pupils of schools of computer literacy. Eaten a comparative analysis of training programs for different categories of citizens, for example, one of the largest in the city of Kursk organization "Center of social service "Part" of the city of Kursk Kursk region", which annually serves more than two thousand people of retirement age and the disabled. Results. It is shown that the program, according to which the training of people of retirement age of computer literacy, differs from similar training programs for other categories of citizens. For example, based on the assessment of the integral criterion, it was found that computer crime in the field of computer information in the world has increased, and the most vulnerable segments of the population are schoolchildren and pensioners. Conclusion. The article presents a computational modelling of the proposed technique and an algorithm for its implementation as well as a diagram of the integral quality indicator for improving computer literacy.