Integral Criterion Research Articles

Comparison of Some Methods for Estimating the Survival Function and Failure Rate for the Exponentiated Expanded Power Function Distribution


 We have presented the distribution of the exponentiated expanded power function (EEPF) with four parameters, where this distribution was created by the exponentiated expanded method created by the scientist Gupta to expand the exponential distribution by adding a new shape parameter to the cumulative function of the distribution, resulting in a new distribution, and this method is characterized by obtaining a distribution that belongs for the exponential family. We also obtained a function of survival rate and failure rate for this distribution, where some mathematical properties were derived, then we used the method of maximum likelihood (ML) and method least squares developed (LSD) to estimate the parameters and because of the nonlinear relationship between the parameters, numerical algorithms were used to find the estimates of the two methods. They are Newton-Raphson (NR) and Nelder mead (NM) algorithms to improve the estimators, and a Monte Carlo simulation experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of the two algorithms' estimates, and the average integrated error criterion (IMSE) was used to compare the survival function estimates and the failure rate. The results showed the efficiency of the maximum likelihood method estimates and least squares developed using the two algorithms (NR, NM) where their results were close, and this shows the new distribution efficiency (EEPF) for modeling survival data.

E-sports discursive space: theoretical aspects of analysis

The article is devoted to the notion of discourse and discursive space and revealing the specifics of e-sports discursive space. The article touches upon some problems of research of the discourse and discursive space in Anglo-American, French, German and Russian linguistic conceptions. The notion of e-sports discursive space is introduced for the first time in the linguistic analysis and is characterized as a hybrid dimension incorporating interplay e-sport discourse, mass media discourse, sport medical discourse and internet-discourse. E-sports discursive space may be exposed as a field structure the kernel link of which appears e-sports interplay discourse, uniting game patches and some commands and orders uttered by the cyber-sportsman in the process of the game. It is compressed, well-packed by terminological nominations and directive speech acts, comprising instructions and recommendations on using the avatars. It nominates the user name as an avatar, its game characteristics (forces, power, dexterity etc) and innovations in the system of a game. The other mentioned types of discourses lay on a periphery of the discursive field. Mass-media discourse advances the e-sports discursive space in the field of media translation giving it liveliness, fancy, imagination, expressiveness and evaluative characteristics opposite to some dryness and laconism of interplay e-sports discourse. Sport-medical discourse concerns and discusses physical, psychological and emotional states of e-sportsmen. Internet discourse is realized in the form of chats, blogs an vlogs of e-sportsmen arguing about qualities of sportsmen, advantages and disadvantages of avatars ans strategies of the game. The uniting link of all the discourses included into the single whole e-sports discursive space proves to be the criterion of integrity that is expressed through the unity of the topic, semantics, structure, time and space and event and situation continuum. A special place and significance in the e-sports discursive space is taken by a discursive personality. E-sports discursive personality is realized in e-sports discursive space heterogeneously: on the first level - as a text personality of the avatar and on the second level - as a language personality of the real e-sportsman avatar carrier. The values underlying the e-sports discursive space correspond to sport discourse values getting a victory and with personal discourse orientation getting maximum success in self-development in the field of physical and mental health, psychological robustness, reaction speed, logical strategies etc. E-sport discursive space may be represented as also a cognitive one where an important place is taken by e-sport terminology.

Musical training refines audiovisual integration but does not influence temporal recalibration

When the brain is exposed to a temporal asynchrony between the senses, it will shift its perception of simultaneity towards the previously experienced asynchrony (temporal recalibration). It is unknown whether recalibration depends on how accurately an individual integrates multisensory cues or on experiences they have had over their lifespan. Hence, we assessed whether musical training modulated audiovisual temporal recalibration. Musicians (n = 20) and non-musicians (n = 18) made simultaneity judgements to flash-tone stimuli before and after adaptation to asynchronous (± 200 ms) flash-tone stimuli. We analysed these judgements via an observer model that described the left and right boundaries of the temporal integration window (decisional criteria) and the amount of sensory noise that affected these judgements. Musicians’ boundaries were narrower (closer to true simultaneity) than non-musicians’, indicating stricter criteria for temporal integration, and they also exhibited enhanced sensory precision. However, while both musicians and non-musicians experienced cumulative and rapid recalibration, these recalibration effects did not differ between the groups. Unexpectedly, cumulative recalibration was caused by auditory-leading but not visual-leading adaptation. Overall, these findings suggest that the precision with which observers perceptually integrate audiovisual temporal cues does not predict their susceptibility to recalibration.

Regularity Criteria for the Kuramoto–Sivashinsky Equation in Dimensions Two and Three

We propose and prove several regularity criteria for the 2D and 3D Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation, in both its scalar and vector forms. In particular, we examine integrability criteria for the regularity of solutions in terms of the scalar solution phi , the vector solution utriangleq nabla phi , as well as the divergence text {div}(u)=Delta phi , and each component of u and nabla u. We also investigate these criteria computationally in the 2D case, and we include snapshots of solutions for several quantities of interest that arise in energy estimates.

Oscillation of higher order nonlinear dynamic equations with a nonlinear neutral term

This study introduces the oscillation of higher order nonlinear dynamic equations with a nonlinear neutral term. The findings are obtained via utilising an integral criterion as well as a comparison theorem with the oscillatory properties of a first‐order dynamic equation. We propose novel oscillation criteria that improve, extend and simplify existing ones in the literature. The results are associated with several numerical examples.

OPTIMAL PULSE WIDTH MODULATION IN THE ELECTRIC DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEM

The process of pulse width modulation (PWM) in the converter - electric motor system is considered. It is noted that the main task of pulse-width modulation of the voltage generated by the electron-key converter in the converter - electric motor system is to reduce current pulsations during the modulation period. It is proved that the dynamic process of changing the current in an electric machine on the PWM period can be approximated by an R, L-filter. It is established that the most important task of PWM is to minimize the current modulation error in the electric motor. The analysis of possible criteria for assessing the quality of the modulation process in electric drive control systems is carried out. It is shown that as an optimality criterion for assessing the quality of modulation in a converter - electric motor system, it is advisable to use an integral quadratic criterion of relative error, called local current dispersion, as well as the average value of local current dispersion over the period of the modulating function, called integral current dispersion. The process of single-phase modulation on a single-phase load is considered. Analytical estimates of the load current dispersion for this process are obtained. A condition, under which the current dispersion takes a minimum value, is recorded. The efficiency of pulse-width modulation optimization by the criterion of current dispersion is investigated. The average dispersion of currents in the load with a centrally symmetric arrangement of pulses on the modulation interval is taken as the base value of the dispersion. An expression that allows us to evaluate the efficiency of optimizing the current dispersion, taking into account the increment of the center of the modulation interval, is obtained. The dependence illustrating the efficiency of optimization by the criterion of pulse displacement relative to the center of the PWM interval on the relative frequency of modulation at different amplitudes of the modulating voltage is constructed. An expression is obtained for estimating the average value of the local current dispersion over the half-period of the modulating function.

Spider-based FOPID controller design for temperature control in aluminium extrusion process

Abstract Based on the exit temperature in the aluminium extrusion process, the quality of the aluminium bars is obtained in the industries. Control of temperature plays a significant role to obtain the quality of the aluminium bars or rods. Problems are still encountered in the design of proper temperature control schemes in the industries. A new control scheme is presented here, to address the temperature control in the aluminium extrusion process. Spider-based fractional-order PID controller scheme is simulated for the aluminium extrusion plant using MATLAB and its toolbox. It gives the improved result for reducing the time delay, rise time and settling time in the process. Integral square error performance criteria are considered an objective function. The minimization of objective function gives good results. Comparisons of the presented control scheme with the conventional control methods are presented.

Diagnostic efficacy of C-reactive protein and IL-6 as markers of systemic inflammation

Currently, despite widespread use of the terms systemic inflammation (SI) and systemic inflammatory response (SIR), there are no generally accepted criteria for their verification. These processes are often identified (which is methodologically incorrect) and associated with an increase in pro-inflammatory mediators in the blood. However, SI is a complex process that requires integral criteria including assessment of SIR as reactivity level, and additional SI phenomena, such as microthrombosis, systemic alteration, and distress of the neuroendocrine system. At the same time, there is a need to assess individual CB indicators as a more affordable alternative for medical practice than the use of complex integral indicators. Our objective was to evaluate diagnostic efficacy of CRP and IL-6 levels as markers of acute and chronic systemic inflammation.
 The data of patients with acute critical conditions of infectious and non-infectious genesis were analyzed to study acute systemic inflammation (SI), data of patients with autoimmune diseases, chronic organ failure and other chronic destructive diseases were analyzed to study chronic systemic inflammation (ChrSI). SIR severity was evaluated by the calculation of an integral index reactivity level (RL). Differentiation of the inflammatory process to either classical inflammation (CI), or systemic inflammation was carried out using the previously proposed scale of SI, verification of chronic systemic inflammation was performed by means of ChrSI scale. SI (or ChrSI) was revealed in all groups of patients, and the frequency of SI registration in patients with acute conditions increased with development of multi-organ failure. The frequency of SIR was higher in all groups, thus confirming inability to equate these disorders. ROC analysis showed that CRP level had poor diagnostic efficacy on the development of SI/ChrSI (AUC 0.6), and IL-6 level had very good diagnostic value (AUC 0.8-0.9). The prognostic value of the markers for detecting the SIR was higher, with AUCIL-6 exceeding AUCCRP. Thus, IL-6 in many acute and chronic pathologies is sufficiently closer to integral indices than C-reactive protein with respect to diagnostic efficiency, and the dynamics of IL-6 in blood may be used to predict and evaluate complications associated with acute and chronic SI, as well as to prescribe and monitor the results of anticytokine therapy.

DIFFERENTIAL URBANISM AS A CONCEPT OF RESTORATION, REORGANIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABILITY OF SPACE UKRAINE

The realities of today require changes and development of urban methodology, systematic rethinking of the fundamental categories of urbanism and urban planning. The multiplicity of goals (operational, strategic, tactical, regulatory, long-term planning) of urban planning activities and the probability of tasks (uncertainty and instability of conditions and means) determine the need for multicriteriality of analysis, justification and evaluation of urban planning decisions. The authors elaborated on the categories of differentiation in urbanism. Differential urbanism envisages the return of a significantly higher role to small and medium-sized cities in the space of Ukraine and is aimed at increasing the viability of the country's spatial system, will contribute to the equalization of living conditions for various forms of settlement.
 To build a model of differential urbanism, a model of a five-dimensional urban planning space was used, which includes the dimensions "man - functions - conditions - geometry - time" and covers: 1) consideration of the urbanized system as a whole; 2) based on the fundamental and objective laws of integration (concentration) - differentiation (deconcentration); 3) research and consideration of the specifics of processes in urbanized systems; 4) focus on practical tasks of spatial planning and urban planning; 5) disclosure of relationships between spatial characteristics. The model is presented in the form of a multidimensional matrix (its dimension is determined by the number of elements, and the number of cells corresponds to the number of paired connections) and aims to harmonize spatial characteristics both within the system and with the supersystem. Increasing the sustainability of systems is accompanied by consideration of the entire array of characteristics of space and interactions of all dimensions. The integral criterion for evaluating urbanized systems is defined as advantageous or disadvantageous spatial forms, as well as the properties of space - functionality, energy, uniqueness, dynamism, interconnectedness and unevenness of processes, comfort, efficiency, environmental friendliness, flexibility, reliability, which are combined by us into an integral system viability criterion.
 The characteristics of the spatial system of Ukraine are presented, its features are highlighted, and spatial "shifts" and destruction as a result of the Ukrainian-Russian war are also determined. The requirements, methods, and practical recommendations for reconstruction, reorganization, and increasing the viability of the space of post-war Ukraine based on the provisions of differential urbanism are substantiated. The criteria for evaluating solutions are: the usefulness of the proposal, cost-effectiveness, safety for people and the environment, and the duration of implementation. The need to lay down systemic decisions (strategies for nature protection, formation of the natural framework of the state, selection of regimes of nature protection territories, etc.) was confirmed and the special role of territorial communities was highlighted, which will avoid conflict situations and ensure the development of the state along the path of increasing sustainability.

Development of a comprehensive methodology for assessing information and analytical support in decision support systems

The object of the study is decision support systems. A methodology for evaluating information and analytical support in decision support systems was developed. The method consists of the main stages: assessment of the type of uncertainty about the state of the analysis object, calculation of criteria and determination of development options, determination of system reaction time, formation of the initial scenario. The next steps are establishing the target state of the object, analyzing options for influencing the analysis object, obtaining intermediate target states of the analysis object, and determining options for the development of the analysis object. The method was developed because of the need to process more information and has a moderate computational complexity. It was found that the proposed method has a computational complexity of 10–15 % lower compared to the methods for evaluating the effectiveness of management decisions. This method will allow assessing the state of information and analytical support and determining effective measures to increase efficiency. The method will allow analyzing possible options for the development of the assessment object in each development phase and the moments in time when it is necessary to carry out structural changes that ensure the transition to the next phase. In this case, subjective factors of choice are taken into account while searching for solutions, which are formalized in the form of weights for the components of the integral efficiency criterion. The maximization of the criteria, calculated taking into account the preferences, makes it possible to determine the best option for the development of the assessment object. The method allows increasing the speed of assessment of the state of information and analytical support, reducing the use of computing resources of decision support systems, developing measures aimed at increasing the efficiency of information and analytical support

On the Asymptotic Behavior of Noncanonical Third-Order Emden–Fowler Delay Differential Equations with a Superlinear Neutral Term

The present paper is concerned with the asymptotic behavior of solutions to a class of noncanonical third-order Emden–Fowler delay differential equations with a superlinear neutral term. Using a Riccati-type transformation as well as integral criteria, we establish some new sufficient conditions guaranteeing that every solution of the equation considered either oscillates or converges to zero asymptotically. The results are illustrated with two examples.

Enhanced stability and failure avoidance of hydropower plant in contingent island operation by model predictive frequency control

The challenges of contingent island operation of hydropower plants are addressed by proposing an enhanced frequency control with advanced control algorithms. The study is based on a real power plant and considers the relevant power system in its entirety along with the load and transmission lines. Integrated transfer functions between the guide vane opening of a hydro turbine and the frequency of the associated generator were determined by in-situ identification. A model predictive controller, a fractional order PID controller, and a PID controller utilizing integral absolute error and integral time absolute error criteria were designed and developed. The performance of the proposed algorithms with the identified plant model was tested on a NI-cRIO 9049 FPGA platform. Improved frequency control in terms of setpoint change was achieved with the MPC and FOPID controllers. The MPC controller also features betters disturbance rejection compared to conventional PID controllers, which are tuned according to integral error criteria. The considered algorithms have been simulated in different operating scenarios, such as variations of active power load and transmission length. The proposed approach enhances stability and consequently avoids operational failures of hydropower plants in contingent islanding mode.

AN INFLUENCE OF ROLLER STRENGTHENING ON MULTCYCLIC FATIGUE OF SPECIMENS WITH CUTS OF VARIOUS DEPTH AND A PRESSURIZED HUB

The influence of roller strengthening on a residual stresses distribution and multicyclic fatigue of solid cylindrical specimens of 50 mm diameter made of steel 20 with cuts of various depths and a pressurized hub has been examined. As a result, an endurance limit of roller strengthened specimens diminishes. In order to preserve the effect of hardening with a cuts depth increase, its necessary to increase the thickness of a layer with compressive residual stresses. Surface hardening influence on an endurance limit of specimens has been estimated by two criteria: axial residual stresses on a concentrators surface and average integral residual stresses, calculated through the dangerous sections surface layer thickness that equal a critical depth of a non-propagating fatigue crack. Its been stated that its more reasonable to use the average integral residual stresses criterion for an evaluation of roller strengthening influence on an endurance limit of specimens with cuts of various depth and a pressurized hub.

Substance Detection and Identification Using Frequency Doubling of the THz Broadband Pulse

We propose and discuss an effective tool for substance detection and identification using a broadband THz pulse that is based on frequency conversion near the substance absorption frequencies. With this aim, we analyze the evolution of spectral intensities at the doubled absorption frequencies in order to prove their similarity to those at which the absorption of THz pulse energy occurs. This analysis is provided for both artificial THz signals and the real signals reflected from the substances under consideration. We demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach in the detection and identification of substances with an inhomogeneous surface, which is the most difficult case for practice, by using the method of spectral dynamic analysis and integral correlation criteria.

Sustainability-driven optimization of ultrasonic atomization-assisted micro milling process with ceramic matrix composite

The micro milling of ceramic matrix composites poses huge challenges in machining process as the anisotropic characteristic, strength-to-weight ratio and high cutting temperature. Apart from that, the emission and disposal of lubrication liquids have a negative impact on the environment conservation. In order to acquire better machinability of ceramic matrix composites, a new micro milling technique integrated with ultrasonic atomization based on water-based lubricating agent and coolant is presented in this work. Correspondingly, the novel sustainability-driven optimization framework of machining parameters is developed for the proposed ultrasonic atomization-assisted micro milling operation. The integration criteria of sustainability assessment with manufacturing process and machined product have been investigated in the technical, economic and environmental aspects, in which tool remaining useful life, stochastic machining process variables, surface quality of machine product, machining cost and carbon emission are included. The estimation accuracy of the related sustainability criteria are validated with a series of machining conditions. The proposed tool remaining useful life prediction method can significantly improve the ultimate life of micro cutting tool, the average prediction errors of cutting forces, energy consumption and surface roughness are 11.83%, 9.60% and 11.02%, meanwhile, the machining cost and carbon emission can also be reduced with ultrasonic atomization lubrication compared to those under flood fluids. Then, on the basis of the overall sustainability criteria, the multi-objective optimization framework is carried out to obtain the optimal machining parameters with the improved cuckoo search methodology, wherein the dimensionality of multiple variables is reduced by the principal component analysis. The comparison results about preferred and optimal machining parameters, and the related radial diagram of integral sustainability performance index validate that the sustainability performance of ultrasonic atomization-assisted micro milling operation could be enhanced by the proposed comprehensive optimization framework. The developed sustainability-driven optimization system offers a basis for the sustainable micro manufacturing technique of difficult-to-cut composite materials.

Analytical Review of Approaches to the Distribution of Tasks for Mobile Robot teams Based on Soft Computing Technologies

The use of various types of heuristic algorithms based on soft computing technologies for the distribution of tasks in groups of mobile robots performing monosyllabic operations in a single workspace is considered: genetic algorithms, ant algorithms and artificial neural networks. It is shown that this problem is NP-complex and its solution by direct iteration for a large number of tasks is impossible. The initial problem is reduced to typical NP-complete problems: the generalized problem of finding the optimal group of closed routes from one depot and the traveling salesman problem. A description of each of the selected algorithms and a comparison of their characteristics are presented. A step-by-step algorithm of operation is given, taking into account the selected genetic operators and their parameters for a given population volume. The general structure of the developed algorithm is presented, which makes it possible to solve a multi-criteria optimization problem efficiently enough, taking into account time costs and the integral criterion of robot efficiency, taking into account energy costs, functional saturation of each agent of the group, etc. The possibility of solving the initial problem using an ant algorithm and a generalized search for the optimal group of closed routes is shown. For multi-criteria optimization, the possibility of linear convolution of the obtained vector optimality criterion is shown by introducing additional parameters characterizing group control: the overall efficiency of the functioning of all robots, the energy costs for the functioning of the support group and the energy for placing one robot on the work field. To solve the task distribution problem using the Hopfield neural network, its representation is made in the form of a graph obtained during the transition from the generalized task of finding the optimal group of closed routes from one depot to the traveling salesman problem. The quality indicator is the total path traveled by each of the robots in the group.

Value chain data integrity and quality – a case study

AbstractThe ultimate objective for most manufacturing companies is to achieve the state of zero‐defect manufacturing (ZDM) simultaneously as being cost‐efficient and competitive. This is not straightforward given the increasing complexity faced by the firm due to handling multifunctionality, personalization, sustainability criteria and connectiveness of products. All these requirements challenge the ZDM principles and the manufacturing system as a whole. Industry 4.0, and the embodied digital and physical world, is predicted to enable product‐ and process control at a new level of modern production. However, the transition phase from as‐is condition to a fully integrated manufacturing system put forward some distinct criteria for data management and data integrity. This paper investigates the Industry 4.0 readiness level according to fundamental data integrity and the trajectory towards ZDM. A case study is conducted to map and evaluate data reliability across a multi‐process production chain and compare to nominal and simulated product‐ and process parameters. The preliminary results show observed gaps between digitally set values versus physically measured ones at a level requiring high degree of autonomy and adaptability in decision routines for the final product to comply to ZDM. We claim that this is the situation for many companies, stating that the case company studied is perceived to be well positioned for the digital era.

АНАЛИЗ СТАНДАРТНЫХ МЕТОДОВ ОЦЕНКИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОЙ ТЕХНИКИ

It has been established that before the standardization of methods for assessing the effectiveness of agricultural machinery in the sectoral scientific and technological progress, many methodological approaches were used to solve this problem. The main disadvantages of these methods were: low objectivity of assessments due to the excessive use of a unified regulatory framework, leveling the comparison of the objects being evaluated; ignoring the criteria for the quality of work and products; low productivity of assessments in the development of current decisions on the management of machine technologies and on the modernization of machines. During the transition of the national economy of the country to a market economy in the late 80s, there was a need to streamline the development of sectoral scientific and technological progress (STP) on the basis of expanding the standardization of assessing its achievements and their effective use in production. The developed standards took into account the main drawback of the previous methodological approaches - the evaluation criteria included the quantity and quality of products. However, this decision reduced the universality of standard methods in relation to the types of equipment - most of the technological operations are intermediate, when there is no product receipt event. In addition, developers of standards in integral criteria combine direct operating costs with the effect of a change in product quality, which, in the case of a positive change in product quality relative to the comparison base, excludes the applicability of the criterion. Insufficient validity of inclusion in the integral criterion and the component of the effect of working conditions is confirmed. A calculated estimate of the need to include in the integral criterion the costs of compensation for the negative impact of technology on the environment is given. It is doubtful - these costs are 0.16% of total costs. The erroneousness of including other direct costs of funds for the purchase of seeds, fertilizers, herbicides in operating costs has been proved. They reduce the universality of criteria regarding the types of technology, reduce the objectivity and independence of evaluating the effectiveness of technology. Based on the analysis of standard methods for evaluating the effectiveness of technology, proposals are formulated to eliminate fundamental shortcomings.

Analysis of the incidence of children in social isolation during the period of COVID-19

Introduction. Children's health is an important integral indicator and criterion for the socio- conomic wellbeing of society and the state, and is also included in the system of global indicators for achieving the goals in the field of sustainable development of countries. In terms of statistical research and forecasting in health care, children's health indicators can be assessed as the most stable and reliably reflecting the actual situation. The article contains information that allows one to form an idea of the health status of children of various age groups in Moscow in conditions of social isolation and distance learning during the COVID-19 period.
 Purpose of the study. To identify the main trends in the level of general morbidity among children aged 0-17 in Moscow during the COVID-19 pandemic, both in general and by age groups. Assess how the lockdown associated with the coronavirus outbreak has affected the health of children.
 Materials and methods. The review used population data, as well as data from federal statistical observation form No. 12 “Information on the number of diseases registered in patients living in the service area of a medical organization” for 2016–2020. Morbidity was analyzed for age groups 0-4 years, 5-9 years, 10-14 years, 15-17 years per 100,000 of the corresponding population.
 Results and discussion. In 2020, the overall level of child morbidity in the capital amounted to 189.1 thousand cases per 100,000 children, a decrease of 15.6% compared to 2019, in general, for the period from 2016 to 2020 – by 18.6 %. An analysis of the incidence of children showed that in 2020, the conditions of temporary isolation and a decrease in contacts during the COVID-19 pandemic led to a decrease in the registration of a number of diseases: SARS, acute bronchitis, acute conjunctivitis and diseases of the digestive system, as well as a decrease in childhood injuries in all age groups. A characteristic feature for children of all ages was the decrease in the overall incidence in 2020, however, it is worth noting the different rates of decline in indicators for individual classes of diseases depending on age.

New oscillation results for higher order nonlinear differential equations with a nonlinear neutral terms

The paper deals with the oscillation of higher order nonlinear differential equations with a nonlinear neutral term. The main results are proved via utilizing an integral criterion as well as a comparison theorem with first-order delay differential equation whose oscillatory properties are known. The proposed theorems improve, extend, and simplify existing ones in the literature. The results are associated with four numerical examples.