DIFFERENTIAL URBANISM AS A CONCEPT OF RESTORATION, REORGANIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABILITY OF SPACE UKRAINE

Abstract

The realities of today require changes and development of urban methodology, systematic rethinking of the fundamental categories of urbanism and urban planning. The multiplicity of goals (operational, strategic, tactical, regulatory, long-term planning) of urban planning activities and the probability of tasks (uncertainty and instability of conditions and means) determine the need for multicriteriality of analysis, justification and evaluation of urban planning decisions. The authors elaborated on the categories of differentiation in urbanism. Differential urbanism envisages the return of a significantly higher role to small and medium-sized cities in the space of Ukraine and is aimed at increasing the viability of the country's spatial system, will contribute to the equalization of living conditions for various forms of settlement.
 To build a model of differential urbanism, a model of a five-dimensional urban planning space was used, which includes the dimensions "man - functions - conditions - geometry - time" and covers: 1) consideration of the urbanized system as a whole; 2) based on the fundamental and objective laws of integration (concentration) - differentiation (deconcentration); 3) research and consideration of the specifics of processes in urbanized systems; 4) focus on practical tasks of spatial planning and urban planning; 5) disclosure of relationships between spatial characteristics. The model is presented in the form of a multidimensional matrix (its dimension is determined by the number of elements, and the number of cells corresponds to the number of paired connections) and aims to harmonize spatial characteristics both within the system and with the supersystem. Increasing the sustainability of systems is accompanied by consideration of the entire array of characteristics of space and interactions of all dimensions. The integral criterion for evaluating urbanized systems is defined as advantageous or disadvantageous spatial forms, as well as the properties of space - functionality, energy, uniqueness, dynamism, interconnectedness and unevenness of processes, comfort, efficiency, environmental friendliness, flexibility, reliability, which are combined by us into an integral system viability criterion.
 The characteristics of the spatial system of Ukraine are presented, its features are highlighted, and spatial "shifts" and destruction as a result of the Ukrainian-Russian war are also determined. The requirements, methods, and practical recommendations for reconstruction, reorganization, and increasing the viability of the space of post-war Ukraine based on the provisions of differential urbanism are substantiated. The criteria for evaluating solutions are: the usefulness of the proposal, cost-effectiveness, safety for people and the environment, and the duration of implementation. The need to lay down systemic decisions (strategies for nature protection, formation of the natural framework of the state, selection of regimes of nature protection territories, etc.) was confirmed and the special role of territorial communities was highlighted, which will avoid conflict situations and ensure the development of the state along the path of increasing sustainability.