Intangible Characteristics Research Articles

Urban Morphology Classification and Organizational Patterns: A Multidimensional Numerical Analysis of Heping District, Shenyang City

Prior studies have failed to adequately address intangible characteristics and lacked a comprehensive quantification of cultural dimensions. Additionally, such works have not merged supervised and unsupervised classification methodologies. To address these gaps, this study employed multidimensional numerical techniques for precise spatial pattern recognition and urban morphology classification at the block scale. By examining building density, mean floor numbers, functional compositions, and street block mixed-use intensities, alongside historical and contemporary cultural assets within blocks—with assigned weights and entropy calculations from road networks, building vectors, and POI data—a hierarchical categorization of high, medium, and low groups was established. As a consequence, cluster analysis revealed seven distinctive morphology classifications within the studied area, each with unique spatial configurations and evolutionary tendencies. Key findings include the dominance of high-density, mixed-use blocks in the urban core, the persistence of historical morphologies in certain areas, and the emergence of new, high-rise clusters in recently developed zones. The investigation further elucidated the spatial configurations and evolutionary tendencies of each morphology category. These insights lay the groundwork for forthcoming studies to devise morphology-specific management strategies, thereby advancing towards a more scientifically grounded, rational, and precision-focused approach to urban morphology governance.

Alleviating stressfeeding in the emergency department: Elucidating the tensions induced by workplace lactation space issues.

Women remain underrepresented in the emergency medicine (EM) workforce, academic EM, and institutional leadership. In order to support women physicians in EM, we must explore factors that contribute to attrition and workplace satisfaction. For example, tensions between workplace and familial roles are important to consider as women navigate careers in EM. The logistics and stressors of workplace lactation pose a particular challenge during an already stressful time for a new mother returning to work in a busy emergency department (ED), but limited empirical data exist regarding this experience. We aimed to explore the stressors associated with workplace lactation spaces in order to better inform the creation of lactation spaces for individuals working in EDs. Our team used an exploratory qualitative design to investigate lactation-specific stressors and understand their relationship to individuals' needs when lactating in EM workplace environments. A total of 40 individuals were interviewed, highlighting post-pregnancy return-to-work (RTW) experiences of medical students, residents, advanced practice professionals, nurses, fellows, and faculty. Interviews were coded and analyzed using thematic analysis. We identified both tangible and intangible characteristics of lactation spaces that contribute to stress for lactating individuals. Additionally, we discovered that participants frequently noted a desire to work simultaneously while pumping in order to feel they were self-actualizing in their dual roles of parent and clinician. Among tangible items, access to a computer within lactation space was a key driver of ability to fulfill dual roles. Among intangible characteristics, we identified three distinct, yet interrelated, subthemes, including the need for lactation spaces to be respectful of individuals' time, privacy, and general health and well-being. This study suggests that meeting basic lactation needs with thoughtfully designed lactation spaces can empower individuals in their roles both as a lactating parent and a clinician. EM leadership can evaluate existing lactation spaces to ensure they meet the tangible and intangible needs of lactating physicians, trainees, advanced practice professionals, and nurses.

A systematic solution of distributed and trusted chain-network integration

Blockchain, with its characteristics of decentralization, transparency, openness, and intangibility, has become the preferred choice for enhancing the credibility of the industrial cluster network platform. Industrial clusters are an important organizational form for developing small and medium-sized enterprises, and the information service platform plays a key role. This paper constructs a trusted paradigm model and a new trusted framework for the industrial cluster network platform and proposes an adaptive distributed network scheme. Specifically, it includes a decentralized and non-repudiable solution for the autonomous scenario of the industrial cluster Industrial Internet, promoting the transformation of the network into a self-adjusting and self-managing distributed network, enhancing the credibility of the platform, and reducing the negative impact of distrust and information asymmetry; it proposes three models (private chain, alliance chain, and public chain) for the integration of blockchain and the Industrial Internet, providing a secure and reliable support platform for the development of industrial clusters, solving the problem of information asymmetry, promoting trust and synergy, and maximizing the synergistic effect; from the perspective of security and reliability, it deeply analyzes the industrial cluster network platform, proposes a trusted framework, and realizes the data layer and application layer of the network with the help of blockchain technology. The experimental results show that these models meet the requirements of the industrial cluster in terms of data privacy, control, and credibility and have a positive significance for promoting the development and digital transformation of the industrial cluster.

The Role of Intangible Features in Developing Open Spaces

this paper focuses on the role of intangibleelements of the public spaces in the residential areas such asa neighbourhood. The main emphasis is the significance ofthe factor of social satisfactions on developing public spaces.The research to date has tended to focus on examining thephysical quality of public space, particularly tangiblefeatures, but fewer have dealt with the intangible featuresthat related to the residents’ social life and communityinteraction. Consequently, in this research, the analysisincludes some important intangible elements such as a senseof community, social satisfaction and safety and security inthe public spaces and the local initiatives. The researchincludes two case studies in Misurata, Libya. Both cases areneighbourhoods type with similar in size, population,number of houses and distance from the city centre.However, one case is a Governmental Neighbourhood GNswhile the other one is a Traditional Neighbourhood TNs.This inquiry is a qualitative research, however, it adoptedmixed methods approach, and i.e. both questionnaires andin-depth interviews were utilized for data collection. Theresults of this study show that there are a several crucialfindings related to the importance of these intangibleelements, these findings suggest some practical guidelines tobe considered in new development projects.

Urban Tourism Appeal: The Effectiveness of Communication Channels and Multimedia Formats in Creating Tourists’ Expectations

Tourists’ expectations related to urban tourist destinations, which often derive from wider concept of destinations’ images, encompass a wide range of needs, desires and anticipations that tourists develop prior to visiting a particular destination. They are formed under the influence of different factors, one of which is traditional and digital communication channels. The objective of this research is to determine whether different communication channels and multimedia formats, used by tourists in the pre-travelling phase, could shape their expectations related to tangible and intangible characteristics of urban tourist destinations. The data gathering was conducted by applying Computer-Aided Web Interviewing (CAWI) on a representative sample of 312 adult citizens residing in Belgrade, the capital of the Republic of Serbia. The findings indicate that both traditional and digital communication channels, alongside personal recommendations used prior to the trip, significantly contribute to shaping respondents’ expectations concerning tangible characteristics of urban tourist destinations. Digital communication channels and personal recommendations appeared to be more important in shaping expectations related to the intangible characteristics of urban tourist destinations. Also, different formats of online media content exhibited positive associations with expectations concerning the tangible and intangible characteristics of urban tourist destinations. The obtained results provide recommendations for tourist organizations and local government entities, valuable for developing effective communication strategies for targeting potential tourists.

A systematic review of students’ habitus in the higher education field: challenge and resilience

ABSTRACT To contribute to the student transition theory and practices through the lens of habitus, this systematic review identifies three prevailing trends and features of the existing literature: non-traditional students in the spotlight and comparisons with traditional students; heterogeneity among non-traditional students (different mechanisms and layers); and the ecology of fields and habitus intertwined with reflexivity, agency, and identity. By categorizing different student groups and comparing their habitus-related problems, responses to those problems, and relevant factors, it reveals the predominant research focus on non-traditional students and problematizes the oversimplified classification of them. Non-traditional students with socioeconomic status (SES)-based, sociocultural origin (SCO)-based, and educational habitus diverge. Moreover, it considers students’ habitus in the ecology of environmental systems, which involve various contexts (e.g. nation, local community, institution, program, etc.), actors (e.g. faculty, staff, peers, family members, etc.), and elements (e.g. previous schooling, intangible features of HE institutions, etc.). Nuanced understandings of differences between habitus transformed to adapt to or transcend the higher education (HE) field, and the complex interplay between habitus and identity are also solicited. These contribute to acknowledging the dynamic transitions of heterogeneous students better and providing practical implications for HE institutions to facilitate student transition, especially non-traditional students’ development, in a tailored manner.

Role of Airports’ Tangible and Intangible Features as Alternate Sources for Retail Revenue Generation – A Study of Karachi Airport in Pakistan

The airline industry is among those industries that deal with a large number of customers for the purpose of travelling. However, COVID-19 impacted the revenue streams of the airline industry as travelling by air observed a significant decline. Since airports are an important element of airline operations, they were more affected than airlines as their revenue streams were mainly generated from different consumer spending and rental services. It was realized during COVID-19 that the diversification of revenue streams played a vital role in airports' sustainability and self-sufficiency. This study aims to determine the role of airports’ tangible and intangible features as alternate or additional sources of revenue and observe the mediating role of customer satisfaction. After a careful literature analysis and flipping over various studies, it appears that a lot of research is done on the contribution of the non-aeronautical revenue towards the financial stability of airports, but no study focuses on the role of airport physical features on airport retail revenue and how it can affect airport revenue streams. Therefore, this research study aims to analyze the mediating impact of Customer Satisfaction on the relationship between Airport Environment factors and Airport retail Revenue. Cronbach’s alpha, Reliability, discriminant validity, SD. analysis is used for analysis. The result shows that airport environment and airport design have a significant positive impact on airport retail revenue, while the result also shows that the airport facility has a weak relation with airport retail revenue. It is evident from the results that airport environment and airport design, with an indirect effect on customer satisfaction, can increase the airport retail revenue.

STUDY ON THE STRATEGY OF CREATING PRODUCT DESIGN BY NON-LEGACY TO PROMOTE RURAL DEVELOPMENT-A CASE STUDY OF ZHUHAI VILLAGE IN CHINA

Under the background of China's rural revitalization strategy, the inheritance and publicity of intangible culture has become an inevitable trend. Most of Zhuhai's intangible culture comes from local villages. It is one of the ways to protect, inherit, develop and publicize the excellent traditional culture in rural areas to develop products and create brands of rural intangible cultural heritage. It is also one of the ways to transform cultural resources into economic capital and stimulate the endogenous development momentum in rural areas. Excellent rural non-legacy products can not only effectively interpret the traditional cultural heritage contained in rural non-legacy culture, but also have the practical value of goods and the aesthetic value of art, forming a new multi-integration format of "non-legacy+beautiful countryside". To promote rural development, we need to ask several questions: how to meet the rising aesthetic needs of the public and at the same time have Zhuhai's intangible characteristics? How can Zhuhai's non-legacy creative design innovate to make it follow the pace of the times? How to operate and promote rural revitalization? This paper takes qualitative research as the main research method and ethnography as the research method. This paper discusses in detail the thinking of Zhuhai non-legacy cultural and creative product design to effectively promote rural development from the aspects of non-legacy culture, visual elements, functional value of cultural and creative products and operational strategies.

Building meanings through annual reports

PropósitoEste artículo pretende entender por qué y cómo se incluyen elementos paratextuales en los informes anuales y, cómo se construye el significado a través del funcionamiento del lenguaje y las imágenes.Diseño/metodología/enfoqueSe desenvolvió un marco de análisis global, que combina los elementos paratextuales de Genette y los conceptos de retórica y denotación y connotación de Barthes. Este marco se aplicó al estudio de caso del grupo dst, un grupo portugués de ingeniería y construcción.ResultadosEl estudio muestra el potential del informe anual como herramienta de comunicación entre una organización y sus grupos de interés. El marco de análisis evidencia que los elementos paratextuales resaltan y complementan la información contable y que los significados denotativos y connotativos asociados a ellos hacen visibles y realzan rasgos intangibles de la organización.Originalidad/valorEste artículo extiende teorías de otros campos interdisciplinarios a la comunicación contable y propone un marco global que combina los escritos de Genette y Barthes. Explorando el contexto portugués, insuficientemente investigado, también se añade a la literatura mediante el análisis de las motivaciones y opciones de los preparadores de los informes anuales sobre la inclusión de elementos paratextuales.

The Potential of Food Markets in the Contemporary City: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract A marketplace encompasses more than commerce. Due to its tangible and intangible characteristics, it becomes a vibrant and engaging public space for the local community and tourists. Marketplaces face challenges in both restructuring and preserving their rich attributes. A systematic literature analysis of recent architectural research has identified the challenges of markets as dynamic urban elements. Four main themes of the research have been identified – Built Environment, Economic, Social, and Cultural, as well as four intermediary themes – Local Trade, Branding, Local Identity and Sense of Place. The multidimensionality of the market has been explained. The systematic literature analysis has revealed the significant potential of the market both as a built environment element and as an economic, social, and cultural phenomenon in urban transformation processes.

Decision-making models applied to IT Project selection considering intangible assets

How to identify the best IT project to invest in? Investing means spending resources with the intention of obtaining future benefits. Can this evaluation be done in a sustained way that minimizes the failure of a wrong choice and, therefore, some way to guarantee those benefits? This study intends to help answer these questions by building a decision-making tool, based on the existing multipurpose and adapting it to the reality of the IT Project Portfolio. The tool design is based on an in-depth analysis of IT projects, valuing their tangible and intangible characteristics to facilitate the organization’s management or decision-makers. Following an inductive thinking, the real decision making matrices shall be dissected to establish a future generalization in the form of a new tool to be applied to a specific scenario. A mixed strategy will be adopted (quantitative strategy to establish cause-effect relationships and qualitative strategy to understand the intangible factors associated with IT projects).

Choice Modeling of Laundry Detergent Data for Sustainable Consumption

Consumer choice modeling takes center stage as we delve into understanding how personal preferences of decision makers (customers) for products influence demand at the level of the individual. The contemporary choice theory is built upon the characteristics of the decision maker, alternatives available for the choice of the decision maker, the attributes of the available alternatives and decision rules that the decision maker uses to make a choice. The choice set in our research is represented by six major brands (products) of laundry detergents in the Japanese market. We use the panel data of the purchases of 98 households to which we apply the hierarchical probit model, facilitated by a Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation (MCMC) in order to evaluate the brand values of six brands. The applied model also allows us to evaluate the tangible and intangible brand values. These evaluated metrics help us to assess the brands based on their tangible and intangible characteristics. Moreover, consumer choice modeling also provides a framework for assessing the environmental performance of laundry detergent brands as the model uses the information on components (physical attributes) of laundry detergents. Through a comprehensive evaluation of product performance, including brand tangible estimation, we shed light on the sustainability attributes of laundry detergents, offering a roadmap for consumers and manufacturers alike to make more informed, environmentally responsible choices of laundry detergents based on their physical attributes. Knowing the estimates of the attributes for the laundry detergent products, manufacturers can modify their physical attributes, e.g., decrease the amount of the detergent needed for one wash while increasing the total weight of the laundry powder in the package. In this way, more ecology- and consumer-friendly decisions can be made by manufacturers of laundry detergents.

Research Note: Linking sensory perceptions with landscape elements through a combined approach based on prior knowledge and machine learning

Challenges remain when assessing cultural ecosystem services (CES) due to the subjective and intangible features. Landsense ecology highlights the individual perception, providing a novel dimension to the CES assessment. Based on landsense ecology, this study aims to identify and correlate landscape elements and sensory perceptions using social media data. Taking the case of Belgian greenspaces, the factors were identified using custom lexicons through unsupervised and weakly supervised learning methods. The perception correlation network was established to link sensory perceptions with landscape elements. Integrating data from different platforms, we found that social elements were perceived frequently and that the most significant perceptions were vision and touch. Results also revealed that the perceptions of vision, hearing and smell were collectively affected by multiple elements, while the perceptions of taste and touch were strongly related to specific elements. Finally, this study encouraged creating multi-sensory spaces in greenspace management.

Effect of Customer Value and Trust on Patient Revisit Intention: Satisfaction as Mediator

Customer value is an important marketing strategy aspect that refers to the evaluation of products that meet value and satisfaction. Hospital has intangible characteristics of services so trust is needed. Hospitals need to instill credibility to the extent that customers believe that they can provide service products that satisfy customer needs. This study aims to determine the effect of customer value and hospital trust on repeat visits at Bekasi Public Hospital. The type of research is a quantitative observational cross-sectional using random sampling. PLS-SEM was used to evaluate the data of 125 respondents who were patients outpatient. The results of this study indicate that customer value has an effect on satisfaction, trust has an effect on satisfaction, customer value and satisfaction have an effect on the revisit intention, and trust has no effect on the revisit intention. Customer value can affecttsatisfaction and revisit intention and trust affect patient satisfaction, but trust does not directly affect intention to revisit. Satisfaction can affect the patient's revisit intention.

Polarization‐Sensitive Optoelectronic Synapse Based on 3D Graphene/MoS2 Heterostructure

AbstractOptoelectronic synapses with information sensing, processing, and memory function are promoting the development of artificial visual perception systems. However, optoelectronic synapses' relatively inferior optoelectronic performance impedes their application in complex neuromorphic computing. Herein, optoelectronic synapses based on 3D graphene/molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) heterostructure field‐effect transistors are developed by using the double stress layer self‐rolled‐up method. The graphene, with excellent electrical properties, enhances the carrier transport capacity of the device. The unique continuous photoconductivity of MoS2 is suitable for simulating various synaptic nerve morphological functions. Meanwhile, the 3D resonant microcavity is added to enhance the optical field and make the device polarization sensitive, which reveals more intangible features of objects. The device demonstrates room‐temperature photodetection at ultraviolet, visible, near‐infrared, and mid‐infrared regions, with photoresponsivity up to 105 A W−1 at 590 nm. Furthermore, multiple synaptic neuromorphic functions, such as inhibitory postsynaptic current, paired‐pulse facilitation, short‐term depression, and long‐term depression, are successfully emulated. Here a new concept is provided for designing high‐performance optoelectronic synapses with polarization sensitivity and excellent potential in artificial intelligence is shown.

The Facets of Intangible Heritage in Southern Chinese Martial Arts: Applying a Knowledge-driven Cultural Contact Detection Approach

Investigating the intangible nature of a cultural domain can take multiple forms, addressing, for example, the aesthetic, epistemic, and social dimensions of its phenomenology. The context of Southern Chinese martial arts is of particular significance, as it carries immaterial components of all these aspects: The technical and stylistic framework of a martial art system; the imagery associated to movements; and the transmission of knowledge orally, practically, or through influence, are but examples of intangible characteristics that can and should be captured, not unlike cultural artifacts. The latter case—the one of formalizing cultural influence through its various forms of evidenceis emblematic as well as largely untrodden ground. A previous attempt at detecting cultural influence computationally was made in the context of Roman archaeology, though the binding of that early effort with the domain model was tight; also, there has hardly been any prior dedicated effort to model the martial arts domain through ontologies. In this article, we present the realization of the full cycle of a computational approach to investigating cultural contact in Southern Chinese martial arts. The entire approach is predicated upon the usage of standards and techniques of the Semantic Web and formal knowledge. Starting from a modular domain ontology, which models martial arts independently of the goal of capturing cultural influence, we perform knowledge extraction from archival material from the Hong Kong Martial Arts Living Archive and generate a dataset of the results modeled after said ontology. Then, we combine the resulting knowledge base with a rule model that represents ways to infer knowledge of potential contact between cultures based on the evidence present in the knowledge base. The results offer an insight into how an inference-based computational model can be applied to detect interesting facts even in the as-yet underexplored domain of intangible cultural heritage. The implemented workflow shows that the full-cycle employment of semantic technologies can offer the ground truth required for largely different approaches, such as statistical and machine learning ones, to operate.

Evaluating the relationship between logo and corporate reputation with psychophysiological data harvesting technique

Logo design is the most powerful visual instrument that indicates how brands seem to their stakeholders and determines the brand's reputation. In the past, corporations focused only on the graphic design of logos, and this situation has changed over time and included many intangible features such as the institution's culture, stance goals, and the position that individuals want to be in the content of the logo. In this context, the current research looks for similarities of linear effects in logo designs belonging to brands with strong corporate reputations. It investigates the relationship between the character traits and emotions reflected by these effects and the perception of reputation. We employed an artificial intelligence-based “Psychophysiological Data Harvesting” technique for this research and used a multi-method. While conducting the research, the visual identities of the world's top 10 brands with the strongest corporate reputation (2016-2020), according to the Global RepTrak® 100 Research, were examined. As part of the Psychophysiological Data Harvesting technique, participants' logos, facial expression analyses, and eye-tracking data were compared with the participant's responses to the survey questions. Thirty-nine people participated in the research. As a result, valuable findings were obtained about which linear effects and emotions should be applied for a strong perception of corporate reputation. It is thought that the results of the linear effect, character traits and emotional states in the logo production processes will be beneficial and will guide the designers to create the strength of the corporate reputation in the dimension of visual identity.

The m-polar fuzzy set ELECTRE-I with revised Simos’ and AHP weight calculation methods for selection of non-traditional machining processes

Using improvements to the recently published m-polar fuzzy set (mFS) elimination and choice translating reality-I (ELECTRE-I) approach for calculating criteria weights, the selection of a Non-Traditional Machining (NTM) process problem from the industry is solved in this research. The criteria weights for the m-polar fuzzy ELECTRE-I method are evaluated using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach and the Revised Simos' method. For the ELECTRE family's criteria weight calculations, the Simos’ approach has been revised. Many researchers calculated the weight of the criteria in the selection of the NTM process using the AHP approach. Problems with both physical and intangible properties can be solved using the m-polar fuzzy ELECTRE-I approach. Additionally, it has the ability to solve MCDM issues with more variables. The improved Simos' technique is used in this work because it incorporates user choices for the criteria, or user voting for the criterion. Using expert assistance, the AHP technique prioritizes the criterion based on pair-by-pair comparisons of the criteria. The AHP approach makes compromises between the criteria. The ultimate selection of the process based on the needed aim is affected by both tangible and intangible features in the NTM selection dilemma. The impact of criteria weight techniques on the choice of the NTM process is examined using a single dimensional sensitivity analysis. AHP approach is proven to be less stable for criteria weight variation than the improved Simos' weight calculation method. The updated Simos' method, which takes into account user preferences, performs better for the m-polar fuzzy ELECTRE-I algorithm than the AHP weight calculation method.

Wine Hotels—Intangible Heritage, Storytelling and Co-Creation in Specific Tourism Offer

This paper researches aspects of affirmation of intangible heritage and the valorisation of viniculture through themed wine hotels that offer integral wine experiences as well as satisfy tourists’ needs for individualism. This paper aims to explore the intangible cultural heritage through thematic wine hotels and identify special tourism products and experiences created via storytelling and co-creation that impact its competitiveness. The research design includes the selection process of wine hotels in the international context, a comparative analysis of themed hotel offers online promotions, and original research of themed offers. Data is analysed using qualitative and quantitative methodology, including statistical processing. Developed under the concept of wine tourism, themed accommodation facilities—wine hotels—are the core value in the creation of an integral wine experience. However, the research results indicate that international wine hotels do not affirm all the potential and possibilities of creating specific products and do not realise their full competitiveness. The results form a platform for the proposal of a competitiveness model, which synergically affirms hotel core competencies, expressed through tangible and intangible features, sustainability, experiences, co-creation, special advantages and marketing mix elements. Recommendations for wine hotels’ new competitiveness represent an additional contribution of the paper and point to new considerations directed towards innovations, creativity and affirmation of intangible heritage.

The protection of cultural heritage objects. Intangible aspects

The work continues the author's research on the intangible aspects of the subject of protection of cultural heritage objects and is the basis for proposals for amendments to legislation on the protection of cultural heritage objects. The results of the research is a long-term study of methods for determining the subject of protection of cultural heritage objects in terms of specifying intangible features. The author pays special attention to the analysis of historical events that occurred in the object or its surrounding historical environment, which influenced its perception by both contemporaries and their descendants. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by the allocation of intangible aspects of the subject of protection as a separate parameter. In most cases, studying the object of cultural heritage, its stages of formation, we do not pay special attention to the existence of the place. In the methods of objects of protection, attention is paid to the material component of the object of protection. However, it is by studying the intangible component of the history of the formation of the object, such as the memories of contemporaries, artistic depiction, historical use, and so on. The result of the study is a system of intangible attributes of objects of protection of cultural heritage objects, as a necessary measure to preserve the value characteristics of the object of cultural heritage. The author gives recommendations on amendments to legislative norms in the field of protection of cultural heritage objects.