Intangible Characteristics Research Articles

Sabor, história e economia local: percepções dos consumidores gaúchos sobre o Queijo Colonial

Os queijos artesanais podem ser considerados patrimônios das comunidades que os produzem, pois expressam a evolução de um conhecimento compartilhado ao longo do tempo. O consumo desses queijos envolve a valorização de atributos tangíveis, como sabor, e características intangíveis, como tipicidade, sustentabilidade ambiental, social e econômica. O Queijo Colonial do Rio Grande do Sul é produzido por comunidades de descendentes de imigrantes, especialmente italianos e alemães, desde meados do século 19. O volume de produção anual no estado fica em torno de 12,5 mil toneladas, sendo a maior parte processada artesanalmente. O objetivo desse trabalho é analisar as percepções dos consumidores gaúchos com relação a esse produto, discutindo valores de consumo e atributos a ele associados. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio de um questionário estruturado, a metodologia seguiu o modelo survey, na qual 456 consumidores participaram. Nossos resultados demonstram que o Queijo Colonial tem reputação positiva junto aos consumidores, apresentando características como sabor, relação custo-benefício e seguindo normas de higiene que atendem às necessidades emocionais e funcionais de consumo. Mas ele é percebido igualmente como um produto que possui identidade cultural, visto como expressão de um saber-fazer histórico, produzido de forma respeitosa ao meio ambiente e tendo relevância para a economia dos locais onde é produzido, o que demonstra que os consumidores percebem o conteúdo patrimonial do Queijo Colonial do Rio Grande do Sul.

An ordinal regression approach for analyzing consumer preferences in the art market

From its origin at the Renaissance, the art market is part of the global economy. Arts and cultural production add significant real values on the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of several countries and a strong symbolic contribution in prestige for owners, either private collectors or cities and countries. The significant price fluctuations that may be observed in the market of artistic goods can be explained not only by the uniqueness of works of art and the economic conditions, but also by the changing preferences of buyers. The main aim of this paper is to develop an ordinal regression analysis model for studying the preferences of artistic goods buyers. The applied approach assumes that the price of a work of art depends on a set of criteria aiming to infer additive value functions that aggregate these criteria in such a way that these functions are optimally consistent with a given price. The presented study uses a large set of auction data from the Art Deco furniture market and considers several different criteria that may influence buyers’ preferences. These criteria are related to the physical or intangible characteristics of artistic goods. The results are mainly focused on analyzing buyer's preferences (e.g., contribution of several factors to the price of artistic goods), while the ordinal regression model has been applied in different time periods in order to study how preferences evolve over time. Finally, stability analysis has been performed, with the aim of evaluating the robustness of the results.

연기 교수법 모형 개발 연구 - 미하일 체홉의 '분위기'(atmosphere) 원리를 중심으로

This study is aimed at promoting a right understanding of theoretical principles for Michael Chekhov’s acting technique and finding a possibility for applying them to an actual field of acting education in order to enhance diversity and objectivity of teaching methods for an acting education in Korea. Especially, this study explores a principle of ‘atmosphere’, which is one of essential elements of Michael Chekhov’s acting technique, and draws theoretical features from a cognitive scientific point of view for developing a new model of teaching methods of acting. According to a verification of cognitive neuroscience, an ‘atmosphere’ is an interactive product which is not only surrounded around human beings but also radiated from human beings themselves at the same time. The ‘atmosphere’ exists anywhere and at anytime regardless of human will. It is invisible and abstract but surely be experienced and recognized by human. Therefore, the ‘atmosphere’ cannot be limited by human linguistic expression as it is not a kind of simple effect of human’s brain to a certain phenomenon. It is closely connected with individual characteristics and resultant reaction of all parts of human body. In this sense, cognitive neuroscientists have added a word, ‘embodied’ in order to explain and prove a process of human cognition. This word, ‘embodied’ means a concept of expansion that spontaneously generates when the interaction between human cognition and body meets a concept of space or environment. A sense of ‘embodied atmosphere’ is led to share it with other human beings on stage by the system of mirror neurons. Futhermore, beyond the stage, it becomes an intermediation with another human beings who co-present on the auditorium at the same time. The system of mirror neurons has played a determinant role in proving the principle of Chekhov’s ‘atmosphere’ from a cognitive neuroscientific angle. Firstly, it is related to an intersubjective characteristic in terms of the principle of ‘atmosphere’. It means a neurophysiological interaction between individuals and others. Secondly, it is closely connected with an interdependent characteristic which is strongly formed between the spaces of stage and auditorium. By focusing above theoretical perspective, this study has offered three models of teaching methods of acting applied the principle of ‘atmosphere’. The < model A > is a method for experiencing the concept of ‘embodied cognition’ that exists in the space around individual actors. The < model B > is a method applied the intersubjective characteristic of the principle, ‘atmosphere’. The < model C > is a comprehensive step included the interdependent characteristic of ‘atmosphere’. Treating a study for an art of acting is always difficult and mistakable due to it’s intangible characteristics. Especially, educating acting as a teacher needs totally different perspective from doing acting as an actor. It needs not only a conceptual approach with accurate understanding about fundamental theory but also it needs an ability to offer actual ways to apply it with various methods. In this sense, this study is intended to be a new attempt for developing and enlarging of discussing the art of acting as a technique beyond an academic approach.

Xoob: observaciones sobre la producción de silbatos en Uayma, Yucatán

This work seeks an understanding of the elaboration of ceramic whistles in the community of Uayma, Yucatan. As part of the objectives, the tangible and intangible characteristics that involve the process of creating six selected aerophones from a larger sample of twelve sound artifacts were documented. The research frames the links of material culture, knowledge and technology used in the manufacture of aerophones, as well as the worldview of producers. The results of the morphology, acoustics and functionality of these artifacts are presented through an X-ray imaging study applied to the sample in order to understand the variants existing in the internal and external forms that regulate the conditions of execution, as well as the acoustics and functionality of the instrument. The present study adds, as an interpretive option, to the multiple proposals derived from the theme of production of ceramic sound artifacts for the Maya area.

Urban kinaesthetic heritage and production of social sustainability

The paper addresses the current need for expanding ways to understand and research aspects of urban sustainability, which are related to the social environment. Sustainability of living historic cities is related to, among other factors, their socio-spatial structure and relationships. For past urban contexts, these mostly intangible characteristics can be studied by analyses of the material aspects of urban space, which have been shaped over the long term. Shifting our focus from the preserved buildings and collections of finds onto space and spatial configurations in their own right may bring new revelations about the dynamics of the urban layouts, street networks and sensory environment.Urban streets and open spaces, specifically, may be analysed as a record of past preferences for movement patterns that are part of the sensory environment in each settlement. In this paper, urban kinesthetics are viewed as a component of social traditions and cultural heritage, and it is analysed how materially constituted networks and characteristics of the sensory environment may have contributed to the long-term social sustainability of urban settlements.As case studies, the East African towns of Mombasa, Kenya and Mozambique Island, Mozambique, represent living historical towns and sites of cultural heritage, and symbolise urban growth on a historical background reaching to the precolonial era. It is shown how the built environment of these towns have affected capacity for movement in the urban space and how movement was channelled in the urban environment. It is argued that while it is more common to understand urban architectural heritage as a collection of preserved buildings with a certain set of characteristics, adding a spatial dimension to archaeological interpretations of the built environment can aid producing relevant considerations for shaping the future of cities.

Intangibles of Rural Development. The Case Study of La Vera (Extremadura, Spain)

In the early 1990s, with the Leader Initiative, the European Commission intended to apply a new development model in order to encourage the economic diversification of the rural world. The expectations raised by the first Leader Initiative motivated Spain to approve the Proder Program to allow those regions that had not been beneficiaries of the aforementioned initiative to put similar projects into practice. This kind of program has various characteristics, which have been widely studied from a theoretical point of view. Nevertheless, empirical studies that analyze the relevance of those characteristics (especially the intangible ones) are less frequent. The main objective of this research is, precisely, to study how these intangibles materialize in the implementation of a rural development strategy. For this, a qualitative methodology based on a case study of the La Vera region is adopted. The results show that these intangible characteristics obtain a disparate valuation from the local promoters. While aspects such as the management system or the contribution of these programs to regional identity are well valued, others, such as the participation of the population in development processes, do not seem to reach the expectations. This study gives some proposals for the evaluation of these characteristics.

BUILDING A CULTURE OF CREATIVE THINKING IN BUSINESS STUDIES

Creativity is considered as an intangible characteristic that drives business to success. Creative persons play an important role in fostering both technical and social innovation and progress. Contemporary higher education graduates are expected to possess soft skills including creative thinking, problem-solving, critical thinking, flexibility, motivation, positivity and others. Therefore, the research was designed with the aim to enhance the understanding of the concepts of creativity and creative thinking and to address the question of how creativity and the process which we use when we come up with a new idea can be enhanced within and by higher education institutions. This study examines a creativity-driven study environment to promote a safe, non-judgmental atmosphere and the Creative Platform process meant to develop creativity during regular practical tasks to make it an involuntary reflex and to discover new viewpoints, perspectives, and solutions to any business problem. The framework of the research is based on the analysis of literature and experimental research methods. The results revealed that using special techniques, purposeful creative thinking can be developed beyond creativity subject. Moreover, interdisciplinarity teams lead to better solutions.

Segmenting the Older Resident’s Perception of a Major Cycling Event

The aim of the study is to evaluate the social perception of older adults, resident in the host communities where the stage of “La Vuelta” 2019 starts or ends, identifying the possible existing groups and comparing the results before and during the event. Community support is a critical factor in ensuring the success of a major sports event and in generating a greater sense of community involvement. In order to analyze the social perception of the event, 521 older adults were interviewed using a questionnaire of 27 items. Data were collected online in the pre-event period and face-to-face in the on-site period using tablets. A t-test and cluster analysis was carried out to identify different residents’ opinions. The results showed an improvement in the perception of the positive and negative impacts in the in situ period with respect to the pre-event. Three clusters were identified (Positives, Moderates, Haters) with the Positives group being the most represented in each of the periods. The findings suggest that a high level of future intentions for positive behavior can benefit the intangible characteristics of the event and host communities, and that these population groups can better harness the tangible benefits of sports events.

Determinants of Guest Experience in Airbnb: A Topic Modeling Approach Using LDA

This study inductively analyzes the topics of interest that drive customer experience and satisfaction within the sharing economy of the accommodation sector. Using a dataset of 1,086,800 Airbnb reviews across New York City, the text is preprocessed and latent Dirichlet allocation is utilized in order to extract 43 topics of interest from the user-generated content. The topics fall into one of several categories, including the general evaluation of guests, centralized or decentralized location attributes of the accommodation, tangible and intangible characteristics of the listed units, management of the listing or unit, and service quality of the host. The deeper complex relationships between topics are explored in detail using hierarchical Ward Clustering.

Sonic Empowerment: Reframing "atmosphere" through Sonic Urban Design

“Urban atmosphere,” which concerns the intangible features that give “life” to everyday environments, provides an important means of appreciating the self-image and narratives of marginalized towns and localities. This paper posits listening critically to sonic environments as a means of exploring and reframing urban atmosphere. Listening practices with a sound art-oriented approach can empower local inhabitants and municipalities by inspiring the collaborative governance of immaterial commons. Sonic urban design, which converges sound art and planning, is presented as a tool for developing awareness of the “uniqueness” and fragility of urban atmosphere through listening activities and proposed community-based sonic guidelines. The initial outcomes of my participation as an artist in residence during the sound art festival Liminaria 2018 provides a recent example of sonic urban design in practice.

Rave and hardstyle festival attendance motivations: a case study of Defqon.1 weekend festival

PurposeThis paper explores the factors motivating people to attend the Dutch hardstyle festival, Defqon.1. This paper delivers new insights to festival attendance by including social and cultural factors in the motivational dimensions and considering a niche electronic music festival.Design/methodology/approachThis research utilised qualitative methods to identify and gain detailed information about attendee's visitor motives. Eleven semi-structured in-depth interviews which focus on the influence of intangible features of visitor motivations were conducted.FindingsThe research result revealed an increased influence of social factors and decreased the effect of all other visitor motives. The subcultural ties amongst members of the hardstyle scene were identified as stronger than the ones of different electronic music scenes. The study concluded that social factors, such as friendships gain significant importance for stimulating return visits.Originality/valueContemporary music festivals, especially electronic events have not comprehensively been researched. Also, the effects of social and cultural factors on festival attendance have previously been neglected in research. Studies on popular electronic music genres, such as rave and hardcore, are from a sociological viewpoint. These studies revealed motivations of members of the subculture to be a part of the scene and to attend events.

Impact of Intangible Characteristics of Universities on Student Satisfaction

The aim of this research was to investigate the impact of the intangible qualities of the universities on student satisfaction. To do this, we have collected data from 7 different major public and private universities of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. We have used 170 data to proposed further analysis. The partial least square method (PLS) was used to test the hypothesis. The results reveal that career opportunities and a friendly atmosphere are the main two elements that foster the reputation of the universities. The second interesting result of this research is that social activities impact the reputation of universities but not the friendly atmosphere while social activities impact a friendly atmosphere but not the reputation significantly. Finally, we have suggested the implications to the practitioners in the region.

Features of the formation of highest nobility estates in the neighboring districts of the St. Petersburg province

The paper is devoted to studies of the location until 1917 in the neighboring districts (Peterhof, Tsarskoye Selo, Shlisselburg and St. Petersburg) of St. Petersburg province of large, representative and prestigious suburban estates - "estates of the highest nobility". Such representative estates received special material and intangible characteristics that distinguish them from "ordinary" estates. Typical examples are considered: Grevov's estate in Koporye, Shuvalovs' estate (of Vorontsova-Dashkova E.A.) "Pargolovo", Belogorka estate, Irinovka estate. The relevance of the work is caused by the fact that an active search for ways to adjust estates is currently underway. To carry out these works, it is necessary to understand the unique features of adjustment objects. In the European and domestic practice of adjustment of objects, special attention is paid to estates belonging to the upper strata of society (in pre-revolutionary Russia, to the nobility). The purpose of the study is to identify a separate type of object "near estates of the highest nobility". Results preserved and existed earlier estates of the highest nobility are analyzed. The regularities of the formation of features and characteristics are revealed, which allows distinguishing them into a separate type of objects - "near estates of the highest nobility".

The intangible characteristics of the two indigenous traditional dwellings in West Kalimantan

The intangible characteristics of the two indigenous traditional dwellings in West Kalimantan

Brand Reputation in Indian Marketing Environment

Brand reputation begins by using completely records of the term “Brand.” It incorporates growing a promise, production that promise and upkeeps the scenario. Brand Reputation is not something however an act of making and maintaining the emblem. Branding makes clients committed to your business. A strong brand differentiates your products from the opposition. It gives a nice photograph of your company. Brand Reputation consists of coping with the tangible and intangible characteristics of the emblem. In the case of product brands, the tangibles encompass the product itself, charge, packaging, and so on. Although within the case of carrier manufacturers, the tangibles encompass the clients’ enjoy. The intangibles include emotional effect on the product/company. Branding is assembling of numerous advertising and marketing blend medium into a whole to present you an identity. It is not whatever however shooting your patron's thoughts collectively together with your brand name. It gives a photograph of a skilled, massive and reliable enterprise. In this observe to show problems, thing and evaluation an emblem Reputation in Indian Marketing environment.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ПРЕДМЕТОВ ОХРАНЫ ДЛЯ ОБЪЕКТОВ КУЛЬТУРНОГО НАСЛЕДИЯ ТИПА «ЖИЛЫЕ ДОМА»

The concept of “protected value” introduced in Russian legislation is fundamental for preservation works and adaptation for modern usage of cultural heritage monuments. The relevance of the topic is explained with the fact that in order to preserve the cultural heritage monuments, it is necessary to understand all aspects of the protected value of the site because it includes its all specific characteristics. The purpose is to identify the characteristics of cultural heritage sites and to offer additional elements of protection that necessary for their preservation. The analytical method analyzes and systematizes the "protected value" of cultural heritage monuments. The paper discusses the issues associated with the determination of the subject of protection in accordance with the current legislation on the preservation of cultural heritage sites for the type of "dwelling buildings". Dwelling buildings are typical for urban (including suburban) centers. The author analyzes publications on this subject and proposes an integrated systematization of protected value, focusing on the least developed and most problematic aspects, also urban and intangible characteristics. Taking into account the specific characteristics of the dwelling building including location in the urban landscape, compositional component, visual directions and intangible characteristics of sites special preservation restrictions are proposed.

PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE HERITAGE PRESERVATION

Nowadays, heritage conservators are required to have not only a wide variety of technical but also social and human skills. The shift from a material-based conservation to an approach that focuses on subjects instead of objects (Muñoz Viñas, 2005, p. 147) is a structural approach in contemporary theories of conservation. This tendency towards subjectivity created many possibilities by exposing the multiple perspectives that surround a conservation object. At the same time, it made very clear that conservation objects are contextual and contingent (Clavir, 2009, p. 141). This dichotomy between the tangible and intangible features of a conservation object, however, has been successively overlooked in most conservation endeavours. Prior to the conservation decision-making, institutions usually identified the main stakeholders, with publics and communities being part of that sphere together with owners, artists, and conservators, among others. The decision-making process, however, does not engage with communities in practice. This situation is very problematic for the conservation of cultural heritage objects in general, but it becomes truly hazardous for the preservation of cultural heritage with strong intangible features, such as social artistic practices, ethnographic objects, public art, participatory or performance art or even built heritage, which necessarily involves strong cooperation with communities and artists. After all, to whom are conservators preserving cultural heritage? What is the purpose of conserving cultural heritage for “future generations” if “present generations” are not called to decide in that process? This paper attempts to reflect upon these questions through histories around two buildings in Lisbon that had relevant roles during the Portuguese dictatorship (1933-1974).

Material sustentável: características intangíveis do compósito constituído de resíduos de papéis com amido

Este artigo constitui-se no desenvolvimento de um novo material oriundo da composição de um polímero biodegradável de fonte renovável, o amido, adicionado ao resíduo de papel. Descreve-se o processo de obtenção deste material compósito e sua análise sob o aspecto das características intangíveis. Como resultado desta pesquisa pode-se afirmar que este compósito pode constituir-se como uma alternativa interessante para criação de produtos inovadores e sustentáveis.

Global implications of cause-related loyalty marketing

PurposeLoyalty programs (LPs) worldwide are maturing even as such programs are growing at a sluggish pace and losing appeal among consumers. This creates a need (and a potential opportunity) for firms to redesign their LPs that better resonates with their customers. The purpose of this paper is to identify that reorienting LPs to focus on societal and environmental causes, in addition to economic causes, can revive the growth of LPs.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a triangulation approach to integrate knowledge from past research, managerial insights and the popular press that is used in two ways. First, this study identifies a dominant logic in the evolution of LPs toward a focus on societal and environmental causes. Second, based on this evolving logic, this study advances a framework to design cause-related LPs that is an integration of a firm’s economic, societal and environmental imperatives.FindingsThe proposed framework submits that designing a LP consisting of tangible and intangible characteristics will lead to the increased adoption of LPs by the focal industry firms, and the increased acceptance of LPs by customers across all focal industry firms, while moderated by the competitive pressure faced by firms, and the prevailing regulatory framework. Further, the adoption and acceptance of LPs by firms and customers, respectively, will lead to the realization of established LP outcomes, while moderated by the intensity of customer usage.Research limitations/implicationsBased on the proposed framework, this study identifies important implications for customers, firms, society and the environment worldwide in redesigning their LPs.Originality/valueBy integrating various sources of knowledge (academia, business and press) from multiple domains (e.g. marketing, sociology, environmental studies and finance), this study presents an integrative framework that presents a holistic approach in redesigning LPs.

Extracting Customer Perceptions of Product Sustainability From Online Reviews

AbstractIn order for a sustainable product to be successful in the market, designers must create products that are not only sustainable in reality but are also sustainable as perceived by the customer—and reality versus perception of sustainability can be quite different. This paper details a design method to identify perceptions of sustainable features (PerSFs) by collecting online reviews, manually annotating them using crowdsourced work, and processing the annotated review fragments with a natural language machine learning algorithm. We analyze all three pillars of sustainability—social, environmental, and economic—for positive and negative perceptions of product features of a French press coffee carafe. For social aspects, the results show that positive PerSFs are associated with intangible features, such as giving the product as a gift, while negative PerSFs are associated with tangible features perceived as unsafe, like sharp corners. For environmental aspects, positive PerSFs are associated with reliable materials like metal while negative PerSFs are associated with the use of plastic. For economic aspects, PerSFs mainly serve as a price constraint for designers to satisfy other customer perceptions. We also show that some crucial sustainability concerns related to environmental aspects, like energy and water consumption, did not have a significant impact on customer sentiment, thus demonstrating the anticipated gap in sustainability perceptions and the realities of sustainable design, as noted in previous literature. From these results, online reviews can enable designers to extract PerSFs for further design study and to create products that resonate with customers' sustainable values.